Ngubani umqondisi kuqala umbala ifilimu waseRussia "Battleship Potemkin"?

Emlandweni cinema emhlabeni, kukhona eziningi imisebenzi yisakhiwo sodumo iminyaka eminingi futhi emashumini kunqunywa phambili izinkomba eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa lokhu art. Ngokuyinhloko phakathi kwabo idingekile ukuze ifilimu "Battleship Potemkin" umqondisi Soviet Sergeya Eyzenshteyna. lokhu ifilimu isibe zakudala, yasekhaya nje kuphela kodwa futhi emhlabeni ebhayisikobho.

ngembhali

umqondisi Ikusasa kuqala umbala ifilimu waseRussia "Battleship Potemkin" wazalwa ngo 1898 e Riga, indodana emzini odumile wezakhiwo i-MO Eisenstein. Edolobheni elifanayo umqondisi elilandelayo imfundo zamabanga isikole sangempela. On isiphetho ikusasa emhlabeni cinema zabuna ngokungangabazeki kuthonywa ebuntwaneni izinto zokuzilibazisa ezifana ukudweba opopayi futhi caricatures, kanye ujwayele izinto eziyisisekelo izithombe okhokhelwayo. Waqhubeka imfundo yakhe Sergey Eyzenshteyn usuvele dolobha yoMbuso Russian, njengoba ayefike ngo-1915 e Petrograd Engineering Institute.

emva kwempi

Ukuze art ngokuvamile kanye cinema ngokukhethekile, umqondisi ikusasa kuqala umbala ifilimu waseRussia "Battleship Potemkin" alizanga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphambi kwalokho kwakuyiKiriyati inkonzo iRed Army ngesikhathi izimpi ka kulwiwa, futhi uhambo eziningi ezweni lonkana. Sergey Eyzenshteyn kwaba kakade avuthiwe, nendoda eyakheke, ukuze isikhathi lapho efika edumile izibalo waseshashalazini Vsevolod Meyerhold e workshop umqondisi zomphakathi ephakeme sika. Tadisha amakhosi adumile ukuthi kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi isethi umklami yaseshashalazini Proletkult. Ngaphandle kulesi sikole, yaseshashalazini art umqondisi kuqala umbala ifilimu waseRussia ayikwazanga kwembulwe lonke ngokwezinga ithalente ayekufezile. Futhi phambi kwakhe wayesethubeni lokuthola umsebenzi okhazimulayo ngomunye wabaqondisi yatuswa kakhulu emhlabeni cinema umlando.

Kusukela yaseshashalazini ebhayisikobho

Esikhathini eko ekuqaleni izwe yaseshashalazini waphoqeleka ukuba ujike entsha, bonobumba esintwini, ubuciko cinema. Futhi Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ngubani nje eminyakeni embalwa empeleni iyokwaziwa ngisho emhlabeni wonke njengoba umqondisi kuqala umbala ifilimu waseRussia "Battleship Potemkin", kwaba phezu onqenqemeni cutting inguquko. Vele wanqamuka impi ka kulwiwa nasesikhathini Russia entsha, phakathi kwabanye, waqala ukudala i-movie entsha. Sergey Eyzenshteyn wayephakathi abasunguli balo. Kusukela imisebenzi yakuqala kakhulu, wamemezela usezakhele igama njengomqambi avuthiwe, akekho omunye ofana wizadi. Eisenstein Waphawuleka ukucabanga izithombe esiyingqayizivele ekhululekile ezibukwayo, abasebenza ekusondelaneni kanye engele ezingalindelekile. Amafilimu lokhu umbhali ukuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukudida nabanye ukufakwa izici wedwa kakade, kusukela isiqephu ukuba isiqephu ekwembuleni Dynamics elikhulayo ukuthuthukiswa ngesakhiwo.

Umjikelezo amafilimu mayelana Russian Revolution

Kunoma wobuciko uhlale isici esithile randomness. Akuwona wonke umuntu aqaphele iqiniso lokuthi umqondisi kuqala umbala ifilimu waseRussia "Battleship Potemkin" ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukususa into engelona ngempela lokho kwamlethela udumo emhlabeni kamuva. Eisenstein wayehlela ukususa uchungechunge amafilimu enikelwe izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu we-Russian Revolution. Wenza ngemvume uhulumeni wamaSoviet futhi siqanjwe izingxenye eziyisikhombisa. Selisusiwe futhi embukisweni nge yimpumelelo zokubukela yezwe omunye izingxenye umjikelezo, "Cibishela", lapho umlobi engaphezu kuka wacelwa ukuba agxilise imizamo yawo izenzakalo wokuqala Russian Yenguquko 1905.

Ngo-Odessa,

Kuzo zonke izenzakalo ngesivunguvungu inguquko yokuqala isiRashiya, Eisenstein wakhetha oyedwa kuphela, ngokombono wakhe, isiqephu kunazo yesiteleka. Umqondisi we ifilimu "Battleship Potemkin" wayedubula ebhekise bakubika emzini lapho engamashumi amabili edlule izenzakalo zenzeka, wayethathe eyayo befilimu. Edolobheni kwakukhona abantu abaningi abangakwazanga nje ofakazi okwenzekayo ngalezo zinsuku, kodwa wathatha azungeze ingxenye oqondile. Ayakujabulela basabela esimemweni nombhali lokubamba iqhaza izigcawu mass ifilimu. Lokubamba lichaza izakhamuzi Odessa bedubula ayikwazi phansi. Abantu ngokuvamile ukwenza njenge consultants bakwazi ukutshela umqondisi eziningi izinqumo efanele izigcawu ezithile. Ngo izincwadi eziningi cinematic namuhla kuhlanganisiwe ukuhlaziya enemininingwane futhi ifreyimu by Uhlaka ukuhlaziywa izigcawu odumile ukudutshulwa amabutho abantu mbuso ku izitebhisi Potemkin.

Mutiny phezu yempi

Baningi abadlali non-professional ehilelekile isixuku izigcawu emkhunjini edlubulundayo. Ufuna namuhla lezi zithombe ubudala, singaphetha ziyamangala ngendlela lezi ezikude kakhulu futhi kule nkundla, namabhayisikobho abantu ngobuciko enjalo wayelubona uhlelo ebesifuna Ihlanganisa ku umqondisi esibukweni. "Battleship Potemkin" uhlukile ngenxa yokuthi indima lwabantu abavukelayo awusebenzelayo kungukuthi bakhangwa okungeziwe, njengoba abahlanganyeli ngqo ezenzakalweni izinguquko kanye kulwiwa. Futhi akekho omunye ongaba obukholisayo ngakho kule indima. Le filimu igcina ingaqiniseki kuze ifreyimu zokugcina futhi kwenza ukuzwelana kanye amatilosi ukuvukela "Battleship Potemkin", futhi izakhamuzi Odessa, ukukhuluma ekusekeleni kubo.

obomvu

Sergey Eyzenshteyn langena umlando cinema emhlabeni njengoba umlobi we umbala ifilimu wokuqala. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho ngisho ifilimu umsindo. Ubuchwepheshe umbala izithombe kule komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane theory. Yingakho kuba emangalisa kangaka kwaba yini eyenza Eisenstein. Illumination Vakashela poster sika kakade lesitfombe ukufakwa isigaba - thatha isandla futhi ukudweba on ifilimu ifulege phezu yempi edlubulundayo. Akunakwenzeka ukubukela phansi ukubaluleka brilliant isenzo - ukunyakaza ibhulashi ngopende obomvu, okwakwenza umqondisi. "Battleship Potemkin" - umbala ifilimu. Eyokuqala emlandweni wesintu. Akunandaba ukuthi kukhona umbala owodwa kuphela futhi kwelinye isiqephu. Resonance komunye ukunyakaza shayela kwaba zigcwele umhlaba wonke. Le filimu akubonakali kuphela eSoviet Union. "Battleship Potemkin" ngesikhathi breakneck kuboniswe ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke futhi poll eziningi wayebhekwa njengoba omunye wemisebenzi yakhe evelele kunazo zonke cinema emhlabeni. umqondisi Soviet Sergey Eyzenshteyn emuva eko idale ulimi cinematic, okuzoba nomsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha emashumini eminyaka ezayo - isigqi ekhethekile elikhulayo ozimele ngokulandelana, izinhlelo ezinkulu okungafani, engeli okungazelelwe ezingalindelekile ngokudubula. Namuhla, kuyinto isitayela abantu abaningi base-okuthiwa "i-Clip" ukucabanga. Futhi eziningi kuphela labo ababehlanganyela ngenkuthalo ulisebenzisa, ngisho usola ukuthi yasungulwa lezi amasu Kayisilutho ngaphandle nombhali ifilimu adumile "Battleship Potemkin" Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn.