Nokho waphawula: incazelo, izinhlobo kudivayisi nezici

Indle a sebuningini izakhi, okuyinto zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza avumelanayo inethiwekhi. Awu observation ukhonza njengomdala kwelinye kwezinkulu, ngawo wenziwa ochwepheshe futhi yokuhlanza ukusebenza amapayipi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye kohlelo kusisekelo le indle zangaphandle.

Izinhlobonhlobo esikhulu

Kuye uya khona, ungakwazi ukuhlonza ezinye izinhlobo manholes, kuhlanganise: yomugqa, rotary, ukhiye, ukulawula, ugeze, Perepadnaya, kanye nosayizi ekhethekile obuncane nentamo lakhulisiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kumele itholakale kwi izigaba iqonde ka amapayipi izinhlelo nge pitch okuyinto incike ubukhulu ipayipi. Rotary ku lezo zindawo lapho uhlelo eshintsha isiqondiso emigqeni, isibonelo uma cornering. Lokhu okuhlukile ihlukile imithombo ngenhla echazwe ugqoko ukucupha, okumelelwe ngesimo ijika bushelelezi nge engaba ubuncane ugobile. Kumelwe ukuba alingane kathathu ububanzi ipayipi. Ekunqumeni engela ukuzungeza ochwepheshe kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi akufanele kube ephakeme kunaleyo 90 °. Nodal observation emithonjeni sise lawo maphuzu lapho yisikhungo esisodwa ixhunywe imigqa eziningana ohlelweni. Banezinhliziyo inhlangano umshushuluzo exhumanisa ezingeqi kwezingu ezintathu ukunikezela ukubuya amapayipi. Uma kuziwa amadamu amakhulu, imithombo nodal e kwazo babizwa ngokuthi yokuxhuma ekamelweni.

Incazelo nezinye izinhlobo manholes

imithombo Test zitholakala endaweni amaphuzu uxhumano egcekeni, noma intracanal inethiwekhi isitshalo kumuntu emgwaqeni. Basuke ezibekwe ngaphandle yokwakha ezindlini. imithombo ezinjengalezi ziyadingeka ukulawula ukusebenza ohlelweni ukwengeza izinto. Izindawo kokuqala asethwe ugeza imithombo lapho kukhona amathuba kwezulu ngenxa velocities encane. Perepadnaya imithombo kufanele zitholakale ezindaweni lapho ezahlukene okuphakelayo ipayipi futhi esidayisa ipayipi uphawu ugqoko. imithombo okukhethekileko kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu ngobukhulu futhi dweba entanyeni. UNkulunkulu wayengajabule ngalendoda ngaleyo ndlela kufanele abe ububanzi 600 mm kanye nebanga phakathi imithombo 50 m noma ngaphezulu.

Izici mgodi

Awu observation kusekelwe ugqoko, sunroof, entanyeni egumbini ukusebenza. Umklamo zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene: itshe luthuli, izitini zikakhonkolo, ezibuye noma izitini. Esikhathini umdwebo, izakhi idatha kuboniswe zikanhlangothiningi, round noma unxande. Kumila sakhiwa kwagcizelela setshe ukhonkolo sibekwe embhedeni ngohlalwane. The main ingxenye kwezobuchwepheshe izenzo ugqoko owawenza-situ brand ukhonkolo M200. Lisebenzisa formwork, okuyinto ugcwele usimende nosimende nokuqiniswa nakakhulu.

I kahle has a komsele wokubuka, okuyinto ludlulele ngaphakathi ingxenye ugqoko therein ngoba ezihambayo lamanzi anokugcola. Uma kuziwa Linear Ukwehlukana the kahle, kuba yingxenye ngqo Tray, futhi phansi - mpo. Tray ukuphakama akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-ipharamitha ebheka ububanzi we ipayipi elikhulu. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ugqoko kumele babe emashalofini ukuthi abe kugcizelela kuye. Lezi emashalofini ayokhonza njengamakhosi amasayithi abasebenzi aphethe ngesikhathi umsebenzi yesondlo.

Izici yezingxenye esemqoka ye kahle

Uma unesithakazelo kudivayisi mgodi, ngalesosikhathi you azi ukuthi ekamelweni laso ukusebenza has a ukuphakama 1,800 mm. Khona-ke, njengoba ubukhulu izonqunywa ububanzi ipayipi. Uma inketho yokugcina kuyinto 600 mm, ububanzi ukucutshungulwa ekamelweni ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane 1000 mm. Intamo unamahlangothi indinganiso ayalingana 700 mm. Uma ubukhulu pipe 600 mm, entanyeni kufanele kubekwe kangangokuba lungakwazi ibekwe kudivayisi nokuhlanzwa. Ukuze wehlise ekamelweni ukusebenza nasentanyeni anemisila kubakaki ikhwele izitebhisi.

amazinga State kubhaklazeka

ongelutho Simple kungase kubonakale ukuthi dweba akuyona njengoba isici esibalulekile saleso mgodi. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Indaba eziyisisekelo womshini le ngxenye izenzo yensimbi. Kubhaklazeka ingulube-nensimbi yokwensimbi manholes ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana GOST 3634-61. Lo msuka sakhiwa umzimba ngesivalo lokukhuphula entanyeni, kanye ububanzi we yokugcina kufanele alingane 700 mm. I amathuba ukudlula ububanzi 620 mm. Uma kukhona isidingo ukubeka mgodi endleleni, isisindo salo kuyoba ulingana 134 kg, kuyilapho emaphashini ezibekwe phezu kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe, isisindo yabo 80 kg.

Kubhaklazeka manholes, GOST womshini eye okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, futhi kungase kwenziwe ngezinto polymeric, lona wamuva kuhluke ikuphi ukudlala, amandla, ukuqina nokuphepha kwemvelo. Lapho usebenzisa i-polymer zokwakha izithako ngesikhathi womshini fillers wanezela, okwenza inqubo kabusha engenakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, le mikhiqizo akuzona zenzuzo reclaimers kabusha.

kahle kudivayisi

Ukuze uhlelo usebenze kahle, kufanele esetshenziswa izivakashi, manholes wenziwa Amazinga 8020-90. Ngesikhathi sokuqala earthworks, okuhlanganisa isidingo trenching kanye nokumbiwa. Ngaphambi ukuthi ochwepheshe ukufeza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngesimo indawo lokubeka uphawu, kubhidlizwe nezihlahla uphume iyunithi esakhiweni. Ngemva emseleni usulungile, phansi kwalo okuqoqiwe, udonga emthambekeni engeli kuthiwa eqinisekisiwe nephrojekthi ezingeni ukuminyana. Uma unquma ukusebenzisa isakhiwo itshe, ezansi emgodini kufanele ukuhlomisa ungangenisi amanzi ungqimba, lo ukushuba okufanele 20 cm. Ungangenisi amanzi angase lekumele azuzwe usebenzisa i-mastic bituminous.

Ukudala ukhonkolo noma kwagcizelela ukhonkolo emgodini base kufanele uzilungiselele ukwenza pad ukhonkolo, ukushuba we yokugcina kufanele kube-10 cm. Ungasebenzisa slabs ngomumo eyenziwe ukhonkolo.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi

Ochwepheshe enze isimo efiselekayo zedivayisi ugqoko kusukela ukhonkolo kanye nokuqiniswa ngesimo ukuqinisa. Emikhawulweni amashubhu kufanele kokuvalelwa ibitume noma ukhonkolo. Ebusweni engaphakathi izindandatho icutshungulwe itiyela. Uma phansi sithathe amandla, ungafaka izindandatho namatshe phansi. Kulandelwa Sula nge usimende nosimende emalungeni unamathelise ibitume okufanayo. Ezindaweni lapho iphayiphi bakwazi ukungena ohlelweni, kufanele wenze castle ubumba cm 30, ukuphakama cm mkhulu kuka-60 uma kuqhathaniswa ububanzi we ipayipi.

umsebenzi Final

Ukuhlola kufanele kwenziwe emini, lokhu kahle ligcwele amanzi kuze kube onqenqemeni engenhla, futhi phezu ipayipi efakwe ipulaki. Lokhu kuncoma usebenza kuphela ziqukathi. Ngaphandle odongeni backfilled inhlabathi ukuthi kahle ohlangene. Entanyeni yenziwa ngosimende endaweni abayizimpumputhe, ububanzi okuyinto 1.5 m. I emalungeni ezisele kumele isehlane usebenzisa itiyela.

isiphetho

Uma ufuna indle isebenza kahle, kufanele usebenzise Standard. Kubhaklazeka ingulube-nensimbi yokwensimbi manholes, isibonelo, nayo senziwa namazinga isimo, okuye okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni ngenhla.