Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa. kwencazelo amafonethiki

Ulimi - isipho esihle kakhulu ngempela esintwini. Lokhu ephelele zokuxhumana sensimbi sinephutha apharathasi kuyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo amayunithi namalimi wemiphakathi. Ngokwesiko, kusukela cwaningo kolimi, ubheke amafonethiki - ingxenye yezilimi, isihloko okuyizinto umsindo wenkulumo futhi, ikakhulukazi, Ukwahlukaniswa onkamisa nongwaqa.

idijithi kanambambili

Ifonetikisi yakhelwe ukufunda inkulumo imisindo. It usesikhundleni esikhethekile, okuyinto kunqunywa yokuthi isihloko isifundo sakhe - amayunithi kolimi nemvelo impahla. Linikeza inkulumo kwakhiwa emizimbeni yokukhuluma futhi umoya womuntu kunyakaza. Linikeza inkulumo bezibona kwenzeka angezwakali ezindlebeni zomuntu.

Ifonetikisi uphathelene iyunithi ubuncane ulimi - inkulumo umsindo. inombolo enjalo esingapheliyo imisindo. yena Ngemva lukhuluma kubo ngendlela yabo. Kodwa ungabahlukanisa phakathi lokhu ezihlukahlukene kukhona imisindo kuthiwa ngendlela efanayo. Indlela imfundo - isisekelo sokuthethelelwa Ukwahlukaniswa imisindo.

Into eyinhloko ukuthi amafonethiki ukutadisha, - Ukwahlukaniswa onkamisa nongwaqa. Articulatory futhi acoustic umsindo wenkulumo Kuphakathi onkamisa nongwaqa. Onkamisa ukuwusiza melodiousness. Ongwaqa - umsindo.

Lapho umoya livela emaphashini ngokusebenzisa iphimbo kanye umlomo kwakhiwa ngokukhululekile imisindo, ngokuthi onkamisa. Ziyahlukahluka ukunyakaza kuphela olwalusikisela elakhiwe we izindebe ube ungaphimiseli.

Kodwa ngokuvumelana imisindo ikhiqizwa lapho umoya Onqobayo izithiyo endleleni yayo. Zakhiwa amazwi umsindo noma nje umsindo. tindlela letehlukene imfundo nginqobe lezi izithiyo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlukanisa ongwaqa komunye nomunye. Lezi umehluko isekelwe ngezigaba yonkamisa / ongwaqa of isiRashiya. Izimiso zalo Kuzoxoxwa.

Ifonetikisi sigaba yezilimi, ukuhambisana lapho wafunda futhi izici acoustic yokukhuluma umsindo. Ukubhekisisa amafonethiki liphathelene cwaningo bemvelo yokwakheka kanye bokuphila umsindo netindlela yayo ukukhiqizwa. Acoustic Ifonetikisi ihlola umsindo njengoba ngokunyakaza vibrational, kwenziwe lapho sidlula yezwi nomlomo. Izikhonzi ekutadisheni amafonethiki acoustic kukhona ukuphakama, namandla, ubude ithoni.

ngezigaba Acoustic yonkamisa

Ujwayele amafonethiki ngokuvamile iqala ukutadisha unkamisa umsindo. Ngeke zehluke namasiko ngenxa ukubaluleka okukhulu. Ziyakwazi syllabic. Ongwaqa kukhona eduze nezindawo unkamisa.

Uyini Ukwahlukaniswa onkamisa nongwaqa kuyoba isihloko siyinake isifundo yonkamisa kwasekuqaleni?

Okokuqala, cabanga ngelithi izici acoustic yonkamisa:

• Zonke lezi umsindo akhiwa ngokusebenzisa iphimbo;
• libhekene ecindezelekile futhi unstressed, okungukuthi, zikhona ubukghoni nokubhalelwa;
• onkamisa ababuthakathaka Ukushaywa esifushane, lapho kusho ayidingekile nzima yephimbo;
• onkamisa abaqinile pronunciation amade futhi ukucindezeleka yezwi.

Ithoni yonkamisa akuyona nobuntu ehlukile. Kungaba kuphela ukudlulisa isimo esingokomzwelo isikhulumi noma umuzwa nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, e umusho interrogative ithoni ephakeme liphinyiselwe unkamisa e izwi abathwele incazelo enkulu.

imisindo engaqinile kanye dlala abizwa ngokuthi ngesiRashiya unstressed. Strong abaningi ukushaqeka. Ligcizelela ngolimi lwethu unfastened futhi yenza umsebenzi lwetakhi telulwimi: ikhaya (U h ..), Homes (plural ..). Ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezeleka kuyinto Castle ehlukile (isakhiwo), Castle (idivayisi ukukhiya umnyango).

Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa izici articulatory. Labial / neogublennye onkamisa

Ukubhekisisa ngezigaba yonkamisa kuyinto ebanzi kakhulu kunenani isikhulumi. Ngaphezu izwi akha izindebe, ulimi kanye nemihlathi. Sound ekhiqizwa ngendlela ethile, futhi lubonakala ngokuqina izici ezilandelayo:

• ezihilela izindebe e lasungulwa;
• ulimi degree lift;
• ovundlile ukunyakaza ulimi esikhathini ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Onkamisa zingase zimiswe ngumuntu esisuka sezindebe ke bebizwa labial (labialized). Uma izindebe azisetshenziswa e ekwakhekeni unkamisa, ibizwa ngokuthi neogublennym (nelabializovannye).

onkamisa Labial akhiwa bulging phambili ohlanganisa nomunye izindebe. Umoya sidlula ube umngcingo ezakhiwe a izindebe tube eligoqiwe, ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo eside. I degree of labial lihlukile: the unkamisa [a] abambalwa, kanye unkamisa [y] elinesimo neku- labial. Ezinye izindaba zika-onkamisa kukhona neogublennymi, okusho nelabializovannymi.

Onkamisa ngezinga ukunyakaza mpo olimi, okuwukuthi, singabambi ephakamisa

Sendlela ifike ulimi esibhakabhakeni, onkamisa yilezi:

• lift Upper. Kuzwakala [futhi] [s] [y]. Basuke kwakhiwa lapho nolimi ophakamayo njengoba eliphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lezi imisindo abizwa ngokuthi ezincane eziningi.
  
• Umqansa okulingene - kuzwakala [e], [o]. Lapho zabo imfundo ngolimi uwela waba ngaphansana emfundweni odlule.
  
• I lift ephansi - umsindo [a]. It ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi ulimi ephansi okunokwenzeka eyehlisiwe. Lokhu umsindo ubizwa nangokuthi ububanzi.
  

I ephansi phezulu, abantu abaningi avule umlomo futhi umhlathi ongezansi lehla.

Onkamisa ukunyakaza ovundlile olimi

Onkamisa ukunyakaza ovundlile olimi emlonyeni, futhi, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• Emgqeni ophambili - kuzwakala [futhi] [e]. Lapho zakha phambili ingxenye ulimi kuyadingeka ukukhulisa ngaphambili ulwanga.
• irowu Ephakathi - kuzwakala [a], [s]. Lapho imfundo yabo ophakamayo ingxenye phakathi ulimi engxenyeni phakathi ulwanga.
• irowu Emuva - [y], [o]. Phakathi kumiswa zabo ngemuva ulimi ephakanyiswe ngase ezingemuva LasePalatine.

Ngendlela generalized we ngezigaba yonkamisa kubonakala unxantathu yonkamisa. It ungabona esithombeni ngezansi.

Shades yonkamisa

Division eziningana ephakamisa futhi ayihambisani ngomnotho nokwehluka onkamisa. Ngokuvamile, Ukwahlukaniswa onkamisa / ongwaqa of isiRashiya ubanzi kakhulu kunowanoma lunikeziwe zesikole lwezifundo. Njengoba embodiments lokuqala nelesibili kungase ezinokuphinyiselwa. It kuncike isikhundla lapho they bekezelela.

Ngaphandle umsindo, [futhi] nguye lapho uphinyiswa nomlomo kancane evulekile ulimi ephakamisa ngaphansana [u]. Lokhu umsindo unegama [futhi] evulekile. I umbhalo luchazwa ngegama ^[kanye]. Isibonelo: ihlathi [l'i ^e sa '].

Ngakho evulekile umsindo [s ^e]. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "yensimbi" okuyinto uphinyiswa njengoba ^[e zhy l'e'zny].

Ngaphakathi a khundla ababuthakathaka phambi ilunga wagcizelela esikhundleni imisindvo [a], [a] uphinyiswa nelabializovanny uzwakale [/ \]. Wayengumuntu phezu Isimo ulimi senzeka phakathi [a] kanye no- [o], isibonelo: utshani [tr / \ va '] ensimini [n / \ l'a'].

Kukhona onkamisa enciphile ngaphezulu, bebizwa attenuation umsindo ngaphezulu. It [b] kanye no- [b]. [B] - lokhu umsindo inombolo isilinganiso ephakamisa srednenizhnego. [B] - umsindo umsindo lift ngaphambili irowu srednenizhnego. Izibonelo esitimela [pr / \ vo sika], amanzi ^[e vd'i no'y]. Buthaka ukuphinyiselwa kwawo ngenxa remoteness yalezi onkamisa ekucindezelekeni.

Umsindo ^{[kanye], [e} s] [/ \], [b], [b] kwenzeka kuphela esimweni ngaphandle ukucindezeleka.

Ukwencika onkamisa kusukela ongwaqa umsungulo

Ukushintsha yokubiza onkamisa, kuncike ezithambile (palatalized) ongwaqa uyazicabangela nemisindo yamagama. Ukwahlukanisa unkamisa umsindo kuye endaweni enjalo kungaba elabekwa kanje:

• Unkamisa [ka-], [ 'e], [' o], [ 'y] Uhambisa kancane phezulu nokudlulisa ekuqaleni yokubiza.
• Uma lezi onkamisa phakathi ongwaqa zithambile, izinguquko ukuhambisana zigcinwe kulo kusho umsindo: umalokazana [z'a't '], anti [t'o't'a], tulle [t'u'l'].

Izinhlobo wagcizelela onkamisa

Ngo ngolimi lwethu zikhona izinto eziyisithupha ukuthi emelelwa tinhlobo letehlukene onkamisa wagcizelela. Bonke ethulwa ethebuleni elingezansi.

Izinhlobo onkamisa unstressed

Ukwahlukanisa unkamisa umsindo wenkulumo, ungami ngaphansi ukugcizelela incike ukusondela noma remoteness ekucindezelekeni futhi isabizwana noma postposition maqondana ke:

• Unkamisa [u], [s], [y], kumi ilunga pretonic kancane buthaka e ukuhambisana yayo, kodwa akusho ngokuyinhloko ukushintsha.
• Uma [s] umi ngemuva sizzling esithambile futhi kanzima ngaphambi, ke nje ihamba phezulu nokudlulisa ekupheleni kusho umsindo, isibonelo e izwi w [y] vet.
• Umsindo [y] ekuqaleni kwamagama, ubumi phambi ongwaqa kanye ezithambile ngemva velar kanzima noma elinamakhasi, futhi, nje ukuya phezulu nokudlulisa ekupheleni yokubiza. Ngokwesibonelo: [u] TYuG, w [U] Rit.
• Unkamisa [y], uma ngemuva soft ungwaqa, ungwaqa ngaphambi kanzima, yenyukela enhla nokudlulisa ekuqaleni yokubiza. Ngokwesibonelo: [l'U] s uthando.
• Uma [y] esiphakathi ongwaqa elithambile, ihamba phezulu nokudlulisa phakathi nawo wonke asakazwe isikhathi: [l'U] nesigqi.
• Unkamisa [a], [a], uma emva velar ekuqaleni kwamagama, kanzima futhi [c], wamemezela njengoba [ㆄ], eyakha lesi unkamisa is kumugqa phakathi, ku ephakamisa kuyinto srednenizhnim yena nelabializovanny.
• Ngu unkamisa [a], [a], [e], uma emva ezithambile ungwaqa, [h] [j] uphinyiswa [s], esibonakala njengoba nelabializovanny unkamisa isilinganiso phakathi [u] kanye no- [e] yena inani imfundo phambili, ephakamisa kuyinto sredneverhnim.
• Unkamisa [e], [o], okuyizinto emva [w], [x], wamemezela njengoba [ye], kuba umsindo neperednego chungechunge, it is akulindelekile hhayi e, umsindo ungezwakala, isibonelo, igama elithi " ephilayo noma [ye] Vat. "
• Unkamisa [a] ngemva [w], [x] uphinyiswa njengoba [ㆄ]. Lokhu umsindo ungezwakala e igama elithi "sh [ㆄ alithulula]."
• [Futhi] [s], [y] buthaka ukuhambisana yabo yesithathu neyesibili amaqoqo pretonic, kodwa uhlamvu ayishintshi yokubiza.
• Unkamisa [y] lapho ema e eyesibili neyesithathu ilunga pretonic phambi ongwaqa palatalized futhi umsindo okuqinile, akuhlukile umsindo, akhulunywa ilunga pretonic, lokhu kusebenza futhi unkamisa [u] kanye no- [u].
• Unkamisa [a], [a], [e] kule lesithathu nelesibili amaqoqo pretonic ekuqaleni zamagama lushintshwe ngokuya uhlobo uhlamvu, simi phambi nokugqamisa - kusayithi yonkamisa wagcizelela [a], [a] liphinyiselwe is [ㆄ], futhi indawo [e] evelele [ye].

Shintsha unkamisa umsindo ku eshaywayo zaudarnyh amaqoqo ziyabonakala ethebuleni elingezansi.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta, singaphetha ngokuthi Ukwahlukaniswa onkamisa kuthinta yokuma ulimi. Ukuhambisa emlonyeni, kudala izimo ezahlukene ukuze kwakhiwe imisindo. Ziqondakala njengoba onkamisa ezahlukene.