Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich: Biography emfushane

Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov (1787-1869 GG.), The umzukulu AD abadumile Menshikov, intandokazi kanye eseduze uPetru mina, kwaba omunye wamasosha ovelele, izibalo zezombusazwe futhi umphakathi kwekhulu le-19 baseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu ohlakaniphile, ephethwe ukusungulwa oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, kwakuhileleke emikhankasweni eminingi, kwaba cishe ababusi ezimbili. Emphakathini lapho indoda edume ngokuba Ingqondo yakhe futhi gaiety. Waba bibliophile enkulu besikhathi sakhe, lokuqoqa umtapo izincwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu amawaka.

Ezinye amaqiniso okuphila

Biography emfushane Aleksandra Menshikova okuzokwenziwa ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, Kuyathakazelisa ngoba kubonisa ukuthi ahlukahlukene futhi enezici kwadingeka imisebenzi yayo. Wazalwa emkhayeni kwezempi ngaphambili, akakwazi wathola imfundo yekhethelo ekhaya, ukutadisha emanyuvesi German. Wayesazi kahle izilimi eziningana ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ngakho ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, wahlanganyela Board of Foreign Affairs, lapho afike wakhonza khona isikhathi esithile. Phakathi nale nkathi, Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich kwaba ohambweni zokubonisana ngosonhlamvukazi European.

Nokho, maduzane nje, uKristu ngajoyina ibutho kanye owayevelele ekulweni Turkey (e 1810-1811 GG.). Alexander iqhaza, ekuvinjezelweni nasekuxinekeni bamba yenombolo wezinqaba e kokuwela iDanube. Le nsizwa Babesebenze kahle ndawonye, okubonisa isibindi futhi imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, okuyiwona wathola i the Order of St uVladimir. Ngemva kwalokho, yena waba iphini lomlawuli wempi kaKesari wangena, kanjalo nethimba lakhe.

umsebenzi wezempi

Wazehlukanisa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Phakathi nale nkathi, Menshikov kwaba endlunkulu main futhi bahlanganyela wonke yezimpi ezinkulu ne French. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhushulelwa, abe induna. Sikanye amabutho Russian wangena uhambo phesheya nokuthola ngalesi sikhathi kungase uyosizakala ngokwalo phambi kombusi, ngokwenza okukodwa esinzima kakhulu. Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich obekumele ukuze uthumele ithimba IsiSwidi ukuthi bajoyine amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo wahamba lo offensive. Uye babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi, abahola ukuzethemba cishe egcwele Alexander I. Menshikov ngalwa ezimpini eziningana, okuyiwona wathola umklomelo entsha - Order of St uVladimir. Isikhombisi yokuqiniseka umbusi kuye wukuthi iphelezela umbusi yakhe kukho konke-European Congress ukuxazulula isiphetho amazwe ngemva izimpi kaNapoleon.

umphakathi

Ngo 1816, Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich wathola isikhundla esisha wemfanelo ehhovisi endlunkulu main. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, inkantolo wathutha Arakcheev, ngubani abathandanga kuye. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhundla Menchikoff zazamazama.

I azihlukanisa unomphela inkantolo eleza ngemva wanquma ukwakha iphrojekthi ukukhululwa kuka serfs serfs. Empeleni, lo udaba kwaba nezokusigcoba ekuqaleni nokubusa koMbusi, kodwa ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe, amaphrojekthi amaningi ovulekile abangu iphele kunombolo izinto ezahlukene ongazikhetha ukuqedwa serfdom. Nokho, Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich e 1821 kanye nezinye izikhulu ezimbili abavelele uhulumeni ethulwa uhlelo zokuqeda serfdom, okuyinto yatholwa inkosi engumuntu onesibindi kakhulu. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, waze sekudlule isikhathi freethinker, okwaholela ukususwa kwakhe enkantolo, nokuthi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo: wacelwa ukuthatha okuthunyelwe zamanxusa ku Dresden ukuthi wathatha ukweyisa siqu futhi zithi lisikisela wokuyisa kude umbusi. Alexander wenqaba okuthunyelwe futhi zayiswa impahla yakhe.

Reform yemikhumbi

Esigabeni esilandelayo ukuphila kwakhe ixhunyaniswe ukubusa lo mbusi omusha - UNicholas I. isandla sakhe isicelo yakhe, wayefunda wabuye waphindela enkonzweni. Isigaba sokuqala wokubusa umbusi omusha laphawulwa yisifiso kabusha iqembu, okuyinto cishe ngeke ngilunge ngaphansi eyandulela wakhe. Nicholas mina zilungiswa kokuguquka kwakhe, wangena yonke imininingwane, ngokuvumela ukwakhiwa lwemikhumbi, ukudweba amapulani. Menshikov kwaba engazazi practice nezindaba zasolwandle, kodwa wafunda izincwadi Yiqiniso kunesidingo ngaphansi kokuqondisa umakhelwane wakhe ayezidinga lapho emzaneni, okuyinto ababeyizazi isiyalo.

isigaba okusha

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe inhloko-dolobha uMbusi u-Alexander ethulwa uMnyango Navy ukuguqulwa umsebenzi wokwakha, okwasetshenziswa obekumele ukushintsha elandela isibonelo ekuphathweni lempi. A indima ekhethekile ngabelwa Jikelele Abasebenzi eMnyangweni Naval, enhloko yalo isinyathelo njengenhlangano phakathi kwenkosi lasolwandle. Menshikov isikhundla yokuba inhloko Naval Abasebenzi u-Adalberto isikhathi eside - kusukela 1829 kuya 1855. Ngemva kwalokho, umsebenzi wakhe kuye kwaholela yokuthi uNgqongqoshe Navy, eqinisweni, walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwalo, yadedela abakhulu lakhe elisha kwabasebenzi. Nokho, Njengoba uMbusi-Jikelele Menshikov Finland, waqhubeka umsebenzi lakhe lempi.

Ukuya empini

Bangazihluphi aphakeme okuthunyelwe empini, u-Alexander, Nokho, aqhubeka iqhaza ekulweni izimpi. Menshikov owayevelele empini nge Turkey. Wathatha eziningi nezinqaba, futhi ngaphambi kokuqala iMpi YaseCrimea, eyenziwa izabelo zamanxusa. Ngemva nje kokugqashuka impi, wahola amabutho asolwandle kanye emhlabathini, kodwa imisebenzi lokhu okuthunyelwe akuzange kumlethele odumo. Ngaphansi umyalo wakhe ibutho Russian wahlupheka inombolo yokunqotshwa esingathí sina oMfelandawonye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule minyaka eyishumi yokuqala wokubusa Nicholas mina kwenziwe izinguquko we kabusha ngoxhaxha Nokho, Russian imikhumbi akakwazanga ukumelana umusi imikhumbi isitha. Ngemva ukwehluleka empini Menshikov isuswe ezikhundleni lempi, esaziwa elisezingeni wempi kanye Ilungu loMkhandlu State. Ngemva kwalokho, umhlala esigodini sakubo, lapho afela khona ngo-1869.