ImpiloImithi

Parasitology Medical: Definition, isifo, izimuncagazi ngezigaba

emhlabeni wethu amahle ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Izinkulungwane eziphilayo zibabaza ubuhle bayo, amandla, ikhono ukusinda kanye nezinye izici eyingqayizivele. Kodwa, ngeshwa, kukhona ukukhanya ekubeni lutho ukuheha kanye kuhluke kuphela yokuthi bahlala ngezithukuthuku ezinye izidalwa. It izimuncagazi. Medical Parasitology usebenzelana nalabo wabo ayingozi empilweni yomuntu futhi ukuphila.

Kunzima ngisho nokucabanga bangaki kubo kukhona emhlabeni. Lokhu futhi amagciwane, futhi amagciwane nesikhunta nezibungu, nezinambuzane, futhi elula - eziyizigidi ezimbalwa zezinhlanzi, futhi ningi of them are ucishe wakwazi ukubangela umonakalo. Ukuze sithole kahle ukuthi uhlobo ezidala esifakwe umuntu futhi ayinikeze enkingeni, zikhona izikhungo zokwelapha nocwaningo ekhethekile, isibonelo, eMoscow iyona Isikhungo Parasitology futhi Tropical Medicine okuthiwa Martsinovsky. Baqhuba ucwaningo ukuhlonza izinambuzane futhi zibeka umphumela ukwelashwa.

izikhungo Okufanayo khona emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu emazweni athuthukile zomhlaba, ngoba izimuncagazi ukuhlasela abantu babo bonke ubudala, izinhlanga ezehlukene futhi ubulili, futhi kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Indlela ukuqaphela ukuthi sekuyiminyaka ababulali amancane inkathazo? Okufanele ukwenze nokuthi bangaya kuphi ukuze uthole usizo? Ake siphenye.

Kuyini Parasitology?

Ukuze uqale, sibheke amanye amagama. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - Parasitology. Ingabe isayensi kwakuphathelene cwaningo ezidala begazi, izici zabo morphological ukuphila, izimiso parasitism of omsakazo, pathogenesis, kanye ekuthuthukiseni izindlela yokulwa nazo, kanye ukutholakala kwemithi emisha ukwelapha izifo ukuthi babangela. Enye yezindawo ezinkulu isayensi, onguchwepheshe izinambuzane womuntu, kuyinto parasitology wezokwelapha. Kuchazwa kunganikeza elandelayo - is ingxenye ngomuthi ukuthi study zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi pathogenic izinambuzane - bona ngegciwane umuntu, okuyimbangela yesifo njengoba zenzeka kuka ayingozi, indlela abaziphatha ngayo nendlela yokuvikela ngokumelene nawo.

Isekhona parasitology wezilwane, okuyinto, isimiso, kuyinto efanayo njengoba yezokwelapha, kuphela izilwane. Emvelweni, kukhona iqembu eziphilayo uyakwazi ukushaya kokubili abantu nezilwane. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi by kwemvelo nezilwanyana ezincane ingashintshwa ukuze umsebenzi yisinanakazana kunoma yiluphi uhlobo omunye umninikhaya, isibonelo, kuphela izinyoni noma kuphela abantu, noma kuphela izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ezimbili izingxenye Parasitology, omunye elibhekene nomse- amagciwane ukuthi izifo kubantu, nezinye - izilwane.

Izingxenye Parasitology Medical

izimuncagazi Army mningi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi inobuso eziningi. Ngamunye zilwane inezidingo, izici zayo eyinqaba nje kuye zokuphila futhi zokugula ezahlukene kakhulu. Ukuze iwenze ube lula umsebenzi ososayensi futhi ngandlela-thile ukuhlukanisa ucwaningo ukuba zikwenze lokho, e parasitology yezokwelapha ezikhonjwe izihloko eziningana, nentshisekelo izinhlobo ezithile eziphilayo:

- protozoology;

- arachnoentomology;

- Helminthology.

Okubalulekile: izimpawu zokutheleleka, okubangelwa abameleli iyiphi yalezi zingxenye ngokuvamile iyefana izimpawu zesifo angahambisani KWAMAGUNDANE, ngakho ngaphandle kungenzeka ukuhlolwa ezifanele iqondiswa imithi, okuyinto akuvezi Chile oqondile. Ukuqeda kungenzeka ukutheleleka, kufanele baphathwe Medical Centre of Parasitology (uma ikhona edolobhaneni), noma kwenye sezempilo ehilelekile izifo yisinanakazana.

protozoology Medical

Compound elithi "protozoology" yakhiwa ezintathu ezilula, okuyinto ngesiGreki kusho lokhu okulandelayo: "KWABANTU" - the "zoo" kuqala - isilwane futhi "logy" - uhunyushwa kumayelana lutho, efundisa. Lokho isigaba Medical Parasitology protozoology wahlanganyela esifundweni amafomu ukuphila yisinanakazana ukuthi iphakame kwabokuqala emhlabeni. Bonke bangabangasokile lenyama owumphumela - amoeba eyaziwa esikoleni kanye nezinye ciliates. Iningi lazo ukuphila endaweni, ngaphandle singaqiniseki enkingeni, kodwa amanye amalungu eqembu baye bazivumelanisa abahlala ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Uma mathupha, balibiza ngokuthini yisinanakazana noma, ngamanye amazwi, izifo yisinanakazana. Lezi amagciwane ayingozi zihlanganisa:

1. amoeba. Ubukhulu zabo ziyisiliva 0.5 mm noma ngaphansi, bese umzimba kushintsha njalo umumo ezinkulu usiphule ezinye izinqubo. Lezi zilwanyana ezincane, kanye emathunjini womuntu, okubangela esabekayo isifo amebiasis ebambe ngokuthi 'ukudunyiswa' indawo yesibili emhlabeni ngokuya yokufa kusukela pathologies koda. Ngo indoda, nezinhlobo eziningana amoebae yisinanakazana. Uhudo (Entamoeba histolytica) ongumphehli uhudo, uhlobo olula Acanthamoeba keratitis kuphakamisa amebic, futhi eziningi amoeba kubangele encephalitis amoebic. Can itheleleke ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi eliqukethe simila amebic kanye sisondelene inkampani yakhe. Kwake kwathi ngo-amathumbu busuka nodonga lwawo, izingalo amoeba ngegazi abazenzi emzimbeni womuntu kuthiwa imali nezinye izitho zakhe, ngokuvamile esibindini futhi amebiasis izilonda ezengeziwe kwakhiwa.

2. flagellates. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, lezi wamane wasuka esebenzisa cilia, flagella nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Medical Parasitology nezifo yisinanakazana kuhlobene eduze, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni eziphilayo engakaze icatshangwe. Ikakhulukazi, flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis kubangela trichomoniasis urogenital kubabangele ukungazali, futhi ezimweni lapho begula, ukhulelwe, trichomoniasis kungabangela ukuchitheka kwesisu. Trichomonas, ngokungafani nezinye izilokazane abaningi baphile kuphela indoda, futhi wadluliselwa sisondelene (ngokocansi). Okunye abameleli abavelele babengasiqondi flagellates - amalungu uhlobo lwe Leishmania, trypanosome Gambian esibangela trypanosomiasis Afrika ebulalayo. Trypanosomes ukusakaza of the fly zidlulisela isifo. Ngo umuntu, izilokazane eziphila ngezinye ezikuye ukuthuthela ubuchopho. imisebenzi yabo ukubhidliza cishe zonke zomzimba. Usekhona sporozoans, ayingozi kakhulu zazo kubhekwa Taxoplasma Gandi, okubangela toxoplasmosis.

3. ciliates. Phakathi kwabo kukhona hhayi kuphela izicathulo, kodwa futhi coli Balantidium, eyashayisa emathunjini kuholela sina zokugula balanthidiasis. Itheleleke nge balantidiumom emathunjini kungaba kusukela izilwane ngokudla kwabo kuyovama ukupheka ezanele inyama, futhi kuchitha ukudla namanzi kusukela izinhlumba amagciwane.

arachnoentomology Medical

NgesiGreki, "arachnis" - besicabucabu. Ngakho, arachnoentomology - a parasitology yezokwelapha wahlanganyela arachnids futhi eyisinambuzane bebonke, yisinanakazana abantu. Zonke lezi izimuncagazi wavula ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi. Kungenzeka yesikhashana (ehlaselwa waphuza igazi isisulu bese ngakwesokunxele) futhi unomphela (bukhoma ku isisulu kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe kuze kube sekufeni). ingozi Omkhulu leli qembu ezidala yokuthi ababuzwayo ezinzima, futhi ngokuvamile ebulalayo isifo koda. Ngakho, senza anikezwa izibungu encephalitis, relapsing imfiva, isifo saseLyme, utwayi, namazeze asibuyisele kuqubuka ubhubhane, typhus, izimbungulu - isifo Chagas, omiyane - umalaleveva, i-anthrax, i-yellow fever. Kukhona nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi kuthiwa izimuncagazi - izintwala, izibawu, ihhashi izimpukane, ukhuni izintwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona oda enkulu izinambuzane eziwuhlupho emvelweni akuzona, kodwa futhi ethwele isifo esiyingozi. Indiza, amaphela, mabhungane ahlukahlukene.

helminthology Medical

Phakathi amagciwane lomuntu liwumsebenzi ezincane nje kuphela, kodwa mikhulu, ibonakale kahle ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho umuntu omkhulu. It izimpethu nezibungu, nezibungu ngokwesayensi. Minyaka yonke atheleleke zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi iplanethi yethu yesibili, futhi eRussia, ngokocwaningo, helminthiasis ehlupheka 99% wesibalo sabantu. Ngakho-ke kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka umsebenzi, okuyinto waziphatha parasitology yezokwelapha, ukulondoloza izakhamuzi zethu kusuka kule ukutheleleka. Helminths alithole yini labo musa ukuhambisana isandla inhlanzeko, noma ukudla izithelo ezingahlanjiwe nemifino kuphela, kodwa futhi labo idla ehlaza inyama izitsha izilwane ezifuywayo, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, ukuphuza amanzi ingelashwa.

Ngisho ngephutha ukubamba kungaba, isibonelo, kugwinywe ngokudla intuthwane yenethiwekhi helminth izibungu noma izinhlumba. Kukhona iqembu izikelemu (bebizwa oxhumana) ukuthi faka umzimba isisulu ngokusebenzisa isikhumba njengoba yayinjalo. Medical Parasitology, Helminthology ngokukhethekile, asipheli kuphela kwamangqamuzana izinhlobo izimpethu, kodwa futhi ukufunda bophulwe ukuthuthukiswa, njengeqembu elilodwa labantu impi oyinhloko, nezinye - Lesisemkhatsini.

Kubalulekile futhi ukufunda indlela futhi ngasiphi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane amagciwane akwazi ukungena obuntu abanye isilwane iba aphethe Lesisemkhatsini, futhi indlela izenzo zabantu lihlotshaniswa naleli. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenxa flatworms. Ngokwesibonelo, i- i-tapeworm sezinkomo, amila emzimbeni womuntu kuze kufinyelele 10 metres ubude, kuba izinkomo, ukuze yengulube tapeworm - izingulube, ngoba tapeworm ezibanzi - izinhlanzi.

nematodes

Ngakho ngokuthi roundworms, ezitholakala ngokwemvelo futhi uchaza 24,000 zinhlobo. Ngenhlanhla, akukhona konke kulo bayizinkulungwane yisinanakazana kumuntu, kodwa labo abanakekela e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukhethe abantu ababangela kithi ngempela isifo ezimbi - nematodes. Kakhulu laziwa kabanzi phakathi kwabantu nematodes - kuba pinworms, okuyizinto izimpethu obanzi kunayo ezinganeni emhlabeni wonke futhi ebangela ukugula enterobiosis. Pinworms ukuphila kuphela indoda (esiswini), ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izandla ezingcolile, izithelo ezingahlanjiwe nemifino, nelineni nendlu izinto, esetshenziswa nesineke.

Doctor parasitologist kalula ukunquma KWAMAGUNDANE pinworm isivele olulodwa isici uphawu - ukulunywa inzima ingquza, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona ama-worm amaqanda. Ukuze abangele ukulunywa, benza secrete ekhethekile acid. Isiguli iqala nekama isayithi, kanye namaqanda kule nqubo awela izingalo zakhe, bese emlonyeni, izingubo, amathoyizi - kuphi. In imvelo abahlala isikhathi eside, ngakho isisulu esilandelayo uma engawuboni geza tandla, kalula axazulule pinworm emizimbeni yabo. Enye omele owaziwa we izikelemu nematode abangela ascariasis. Futhi aphila kuphela umuntu, kodwa emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko sokuthuthuka, axazulule, amaphaphu noma amathumbu. Umthombo ukutheleleka kulokhu futhi ogulayo kuphela, futhi ukutheleleka imbangela ukuntuleka inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.

ukuhlola

Njengoba singabona kusukela ngenhla, izimuncagazi womuntu, kunamakhulu, futhi ngalinye linomsebenzi izici zayo siqu. Ukuze izinhlangano zikwazi ukusungula i olunembile ukuxilongwa udokotela parasitologist ngempela iqoqa umlando:

- icacisa izimo kungenzeka ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngaphansi kwazo (ekuphileni lesiguli kwansuku, umsebenzi wakhe, noma ukuba eholidini, isibonelo, ehlathini noma emazweni lapho kubhubhane njalo izifo yisinanakazana);

- ukuba khona noma ukungabi lokuxhumana isiguli namaqembu ezihlukene zezilwane, njalo njalo);

- izimpawu zesifo (uma kukhona ukulunywa, ukuqubuka, izimpawu zokudakwa, ubuthakathaka, anaemia).

A indima ebalulekile uphethwe kwenziwe ukuhlolwa laboratory. Ziyakwazi nenkhulumombiko. Direct ivulekile ukuthola amaqanda, izibungu noma ezinye izinhlobo lokuphila izinambuzane indle yomuntu (indle yalezi zibungu, isikhwehlela, umchamo). Lo msebenzi wenziwa parasitology laboratory lapho isiguli ukuba kudlule impahla fresh kuphela ucwaningo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla ingatholakala indle, kungakapheli imizuzu 20 emva ukunyakaza wamathumbu.

Uma ukuqoqa impahla fresh kunzima noma kungenakwenzeka (isibonelo, uma izimuncagazi kukhona esibindini, ubuchopho), afeze izivivinyo engesobala. Basuke zitholiwe igazi isiguli omzimba athile ezivezwa umzimba ukuze azivikele KWAMAGUNDANE.

ukwelashwa

Parasitology Medical amalungiselelo ukubhujiswa e umzimba womuntu izimuncagazi inikeza onhlobonhlobo. I-ejenti eyodwa, igcinwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo ukutheleleka, alikho. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele aqoke kuphela odokotela futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe. Kuze kube manje, imikhiqizo athuthukile, kuhlanganise e yayo ubulungu mebendazole, diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, piperazine adipate kanye nezinye izinto. Ngamunye wabo okwaziyo ukubhubhisa uhlobo abathile kuphela ezidala. Kwezinye izimo, ezifana sezinkomo chain phakathi ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa wenziwa surgically.

parasitology Veterinary

Lesi sigaba kubaluleke kabi, hhayi nje kuphela kubantu abane-ezifuywayo, kodwa ukuba ngamunye wethu, njengoba ngisho nalabo ngokuphelele ndawo hhayi nabo izilwane kungaba zithole ukungenwa ngekudla inyama, inhlanzi, noma angase abe yisisulu ukulunywa yizinambuzane. Veterinary Parasitology exazulule ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezingenzeka ezibhekwa imisebenzi:

- uhlola ezifuywayo ukuze phambi kwabo bonke izimuncagazi ezaziwayo manje;

- ukhiqiza ukwelashwa;

- kuqinisekisa ukuthi izitolo abakutholanga inyama elinegciwane, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo isilwane, kanye enhlanzi nezinye izinto zasolwandle, sizohlola abaphilayo yezilwane ezifile, futhi esimweni ngobuningi ayehlasela Ukuthola ubeka indawo ngokuhlukaniswa.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze uhlushwa izinhlobo eziningi eziwuhlupho, kuze kube manje, eklanyelwe kahle umgomo. Kufanele zisetshenziswe, kokushiya eholidini noma umsebenzi e-Latin America, Afrika nakwezinye izifunda uhlalwe isinambuzane esithile (ukuqabulana izimbungulu, impukane zidlulisela isifo, kanye nabanye) ukuthi kungabangela izifo eziyingozi. Yokugoma kumele uxhumane Institute of Parasitology ngasiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha of edolobhaneni lakubo, abahlanganyela kulo msebenzi. Ezakhamuzini izifunda lapho zifo nokuqubuka njalo zibangelwa izinambuzane yisinanakazana (ezifana encephalitis umkhaza ezithwalwa iyona Urals, eSiberia neMpumalanga Ekude), futhi labo abahamba ngayo kulezi zindawo ngoba unomphela noma okwesikhashana imvume yokuba yisakhamuzi, njengoba yokugoma edingekayo.

Into ebalulekile ekugwemeni izifo koda udla kuphela kungase kutholakale imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko ukuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungayisebenzisi amanzi kusukela amanzi ngaphandle abilayo.

Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, yibo bonke izingxenye sabantu ukuze uvimbele ayehlasela ukuhlanzeka, okusho nokugeza izandla, izithelo, imifino, futhi ukupheka ezanele inyama, inhlanzi, ubisi.

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