SAM "ezolile ': incazelo lobuchwepheshe kanye, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu analogue

Modern isikhali basekhaya ifomu SAMS "Calm" kuyinto isiqalisi imizila ngamakhasimende umkhumbi-based, yona ifakwe isiqalo mpo. Uhlelo yenzelwe wonke-round isitsha ukuzivikela, kanye reflection of ukuhlaselwa isitha komoya, okufaka omkhulu missile iziteleka. Isetshenziswa njengesici isikhali ukuze wonke-round ukuzivikela futhi ephendula rocket ukuhlaselwa massed isitha. Esikhathini esizayo, eyinkimbinkimbi uzosusa analogue ekhona "inhloli" nelithi "iSiphepho." Uhlelo Abaklami Research Institute "Altair", okwethulwa 2004 embukisweni "Euronaval". Iphinde igcina ukuthuthukiswa analogs phansi ezisekelwe eziphambili, ukubheka izici izici zabo futhi.

incazelo jikelele

SAM "Calm" kuyinto ukuklanywa futhi eyingqayizivele. Njengoba isici esiyisisekelo kuphuma mpo module isiqalisi uhlobo 3C-90E. Uma kudingekile, umkhumbi kungenziwa agibele amahhashi amamojuli eziningana, ngayinye okuhlanganisa missile iziqukathi nambili. Ubukhulu - 7.15 / 1.75 / 9.5 amamitha, akuvumela ukuthi uwubeke imikhumbi kokuba ubuncane ivolumu yangaphakathi izindlu 7,4. Isakhiwo ine amayunithi eziyisithupha imigqa emibili. isixazululo enjalo yenza kube ukubhekelela semali izinhlamvu endaweni elincane.

SAM "Calm 1" unamahlangothi evumela esikhundleni abachithi yasekhaya missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "iSiphepho". Amandla ukunikezela izikhali bese ukhulisa cishe kabili. Igcina isikhala nekwenyusa izinhlamvu kufinyelelwa ngenxa ukungabi khona izindlela ezengeziwe, ezifana isiqalisi ugongolo nokulungisa izingxenye zalo.

Izici

Calm SAM-1 unesinye isici esasenza analog "iSiphepho". Missiles therein ahlelwe thwi, lapho eziyinkimbinkimbi oluqalisa projectiles nge esingaba esingaphansi kwemizuzwana emibili. I volley esilandelayo senziwa ngemuva missile lokuqala ushiya iphuzu yokuvula emashumini ambalwa amamitha. Uhlelo nge ukufakwa ugongolo lokulungiselela futhi kwethulwa kuthatha isikhathi kakhulu.

Ngo SAM "ezolile 'isetshenziswa ezicitshwayo guided ezifana 9-M317-ME. Kuyinto munition "Buk" izinhlelo yesimanje. Kuyinto owodwa esigabeni i-rocket fuel okuqinile, esesikhundleni izinhlangothi ezilandelayo:

• Ubude - 5180 mm.
• Ikesi ubukhulu - 360 mm.
• Qalisa isisindo - 580 kg.

Umsila ingxenye projectile ifakwe umkhumbi in a big 82 amasentimitha. Frag ingxenye ukala 62 amakhilogramu. Rocket yashesha ephezulu ijubane 1500 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Umehluko omkhulu kumanduleli wawo ungaphakathi imodi uqalisa. Kule ndaba, anezele eziningana kwesakhiwo isicelo. Ukhumula igobolondo ngemva kokukhishwa komyalo we-opharetha ukuze ukuphakama mayelana eziyishumi amamitha ngenhla emphemeni omkhumbi, bese kwenziwa ushintsho we munition ekufezeni target ngaphansi kwethonya igesi umkhumbi. Khona-ke esitshalweni noMsekeli futhi ngasocansini powerplant uhlelo.

SAM "Calm 1": incazelo lobuchwepheshe

eziyinkimbinkimbi Okubukwe kuhlanganisa ukuqaliswa esiteshini namarokhethi kanye namadivayisi ezengeziwe. Kube alinikezi siqu ukuthola uhlelo lwayo, kodwa okwamanje navigation inketho usebenzisa radar izigaba shipboard. Impahla ye-elekthronikhi siqukethe iyunithi Computing, control unit, zidlulisele eziningana futhi target esikhanyayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo angase kuhlasela ngaphansi Okuqondiwe nambili. Isakhiwo kungenziwa ogibele iyiphi yempi, kudinga ushintsho noma design ushintsho encane noma bengaholelwa nhlobo.

SAM "ezolile 'efakwe izikebhe, displacement engesiyo amathani ngaphansi kuka-1500. Umklamo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba basekele isakhiwo zokubhukuda izindawo amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi Ungashintshanisa ephelelwe yisikhathi analogue. izici ezinjalo lalifanekisela nekusasa elihle SAM.

amathuba

Umkhumbi SAM "Calm 1" is ezicitshwayo, okuyinto bayakwazi abatelekile okuhloswe ngaso ibanga amakhilomitha kuze kube amahlanu. Umkhawulo Kusolwa target Isivinini ongafinyelela 800 metres ngomzuzwana. Uma siqhathanisa lokhu uhlelo nge "Buck", ziphawuleka khona ihadiwe eziyisisekelo, kuhlanganise nesiqondiso ngcono nokulawula uhlelo homing yini indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba into lapho sihlelwe lokuteleka.

Olwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa ezahlukeneyo eziningana ekhanda ukulwa, kuye ngokuthi inhloso kanye uhla indawo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, SAM "Calm-M" ukushaywa izindiza endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-15,000 amamitha. Ukuze cruise ezicitshwayo Inkomba kwehle ngo-2-3 izikhathi. Futhi ngo-ukuqedwa Okuqondiwe flying ngezindleko eziphansi engamamitha ububanzi kuyehla ngesigamu we ipharamitha esiphezulu.

SAM "Calm-2"

incazelo yomsebenzi ukulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi unikezwa ngezansi:

• Ubude / ubukhulu rocket - 18.3 / 1.9 amamitha.
• Inkokhelo - 1.87 cu. m.
• Isisindo ukuziqalela - amathani 39,9.
• Ammunition uhlobo - R-29RM.
• Uhlobo Ukuqalisa - phansi noma ngaphezulu.

SAM "Calm-2" uhlelo siqukethe sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza fairing gumbi Inkokhelo adaptha, navigation kanye control unit, core. fairing sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza wenziwe zezindlu hermetic, ifakwe kubhaklazeka ngoba ukukhweza zikagesi.

Yokuqala isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi uhlanganisa kokuqala nowesifunda lobuchwepheshe kokuba kudivayisi asizayo futhi main missile kwethulwa. I-control unit siqukethe inhlangano ezenzakalelayo, kumemori okuyizinto Imininingwane lokufaka umsebenzi indiza, ibanga elitsheni, nolunye ulwazi telemetry, kuze kuqale nesilinganiso nemingcele.

ukuhlolwa

SAM "ezolile 1" futhi Analogue yayo yasemhlabeni kwabonisa imiphumela enjalo phezu ngezilingo yokuhlola:

1. I kungenzeka obonisa siqala isethi eyodwa - okungenani izikhathi ezingu-10 ngonyaka.
2. Ethwele yokuqalisa mkhathi nge isikhawu izikhathi esiyizinsuku ezinga-15.
3. Isiqinisekiso uxhumano kwimodi eceleni ne ukutholakala eliphezulu ukuqala.

Flying nge samuntu eliwumhlaba kuqinisekisa ukwakheka orbit endaweni evalelekile komyalelo wokungabi 60-77 degrees. Ekuqaleni kwebanga sub latitude kuhluka 0 kuya 77 c. Emthambekeni incike rocket kwethulwa iphuzu izixhumanisi, ebe egcina kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa umkhumbi inhloso yazo.

Anti-aircraft uhlelo missile "Poliment-Redoute"

Kutfutfukiswa uhlelo olusha kuyaqhubeka NPO "Almaz-Antey" I-Navy-Russian. Njengoba izinhlamvu esetshenziswa anti-aircraft ezicitshwayo 9 M96 kanye 9-M100. Ukuthuthukisa SAM kubhekwe aphethwe kusukela 2011, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene imisiwe ukulethwa schedule.

Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukuntula inombolo ezanele onjiniyela kanye abaklami, eziningi zazo ezazingakaze eyayihilelekile ukuthuthukiswa eliwumhlaba Analogue eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kule ndaba, ukwakhiwa frigates Project 22350, ehlinzekela ukufakwa izikhali ezintsha, futhi sasiqhutshelwa ukubambezeleka. ubunzima obukhulu kuhlangabezanwe uma udala radar "Poliment" iziteshi nge ikhishiwe antenna afanayo. Ngokuhlanganyela yokuvula ulwandle kwethulwa 9-M96, eyinkimbinkimbi inguqulo egcwele SAM "Poliment-Redoute."

ukuhlolwa

Ehlobo lika-2014 kwelinye gulp wesistimu emoyeni ukuzivikela "Redoubt" eyenziwe cruise missile wahlabeka umxhwele. Ukwethulwa kwenziwa abagibele corvette "savvy". Kwakuwusuku test wokuqala yimpumelelo iqhutshwe oLwandle iBaltic. Khona-ke kahle baye bamangaliswa umgomo, kokulingisa isitha imikhumbi ezinemibandela.

Ekwindla ka onyakeni ofanayo ke olwenziwa ukuhlolwa eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ukunqotshwa umoya ebusweni Okuqondiwe Kusolakala isitha. Zonke Okuqondiwe zakhishwa. Ngo-2015, iqembu le-corvette "savvy" ngempumelelo ukuboniswa umsebenzi ukubhubhisa isitha cruise ezicitshwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo volley kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima radar.

High ukulwa amakhono emoyeni ukuzivikela missile uhlelo "Redoubt" futhi SAM "Calm" - kungenxa yokungabikho abaklami inkampani "Almaz-Antey". Bona kwenziwe oda Ministry Defense, naphezu kobunzima. Ngo-July 2015 ubuholi Iqembu uzwakalise ukuthi isivivinyo okuxoxwe emoyeni isimiso sokuzivikela zaphumelela.

Ukulungiswa futhi TTX

Ngo "Poliment-Redoute" uchungechunge inikeza izinketho izakhiwo ezimbili. Eyokuqala yalezi amaphrojekthi igxile frigates 22350 (K96-2), futhi inguqulo yesibili kulindeleke ukuba efakwe corvettes uhlobo 20380 (ifakwe "Furke-2" uhlelo).

Lokhu okulandelayo imingcele uhlelo Tactical futhi technical:

• Range ukunqoba injongo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza - kusuka 1.5 kuya ku-60 km.
• Ukuphakama shot - 0.01-30 km.
• Ukuqedwa ballistic target ndawo - kusuka km 1.5 kuya ku-30 ziyashiyana 2-25 km ubude.
• Njengoba ukusetshenziswa munition - ebusweni-to-air missile-9 M-96E2.

Icala has a isisindo kokuqala ka mayelana 420 khilogremu, isilinganiso ngesivinini sendiza ka 950 kwamamitha ngomzuzwana. missile isiqondiso Uhlobo - inertial nge radio ukulungiswa uhlelo. warhead asetshenzisiwe - radar, esebenzayo. Ukunqotshwa - ephezulu alufakwa-uhlobo isisindo umzimba omkhulu 24 kg.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

ezimbili eziphumelele missile kwethulwa 9-M96E Egibela corvette "savvy" wawuba ngasekuqaleni oLwandle iBaltic ngo-2015. Ngemva kwalokho, uhlelo "Redoubt" wamiswa abagibele frigate "Admiral Gorshkov". Lokhu umkhumbi manje eNorthern Fleet, ulungiselela ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela, kuhlanganise nokulahlekelwa Izinjongo indiza. Yesimanje umkhumbi ngesikhathi ngisemsebenzini Petersburg ayosihlomisa emkhunjini ezengeziwe radar izindawo

Njengengxenye emoyeni show "Max-2013", i yokwaziswa olusemthethweni, lapho umqondisi Jikelele "Almaz-Antey" leli qembu lathi ukuthi isivivinyo elisha anti-aircraft missile eziyinkimbinkimbi bamiswa ngo-2012. Isizathu esiyinhloko - Umlilo ophezu corvette "savvy". Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngemva ukulungisa umkhumbi, isivivinyo SAM ukubuyiswa. Ngo-2014, kwaqala ukuhlolwa nezinhlamvu, ogibele "Admiral Gorshkov". I ihlolwe ezintathu izinhlobo yezikhali ezicitshwayo: 9-M96D, 9-M100 9-M96D.

Ekuphetheni

SAM "Calm-2" futhi "Poliment-Redoute" babe imingcele efanayo. inzuzo yabo eyinhloko phezu ababengaphambi e ukuthi kungenziwa umkhankaso ebusweni futhi phansi amatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici design uvumele ukusebenzisa indawo encane ewusizo ngenkathi okwandisa inani izinhlamvu. Yonke imicibisholo babe ukuhlolwa nokulingwa yimpumelelo, nakuba kwaba nokulibaziseka isikhathi ukwenziwa izakhiwo. izikhali zanamuhla Kubhekwe ohlela ukuyisebenzisa ku frigates futhi eminye imikhumbi e-ezweni elisekela nemikhumbi-ngwenya. ukusebenza okunjalo ixhunyaniswe iqoqo jikelele futhi amathuba amaningi, kuhlanganise ukuvikelwa lwemikhumbi izindiza futhi isitha.