Sicu lesitsi imisebenzi yobuciko lasendulo. Izithombe Old Umdwebo Russian

Old art Russian ngokuqondile okuhlobene ubuciko eByzantium, noma kunalokho kuba legatsha enamandla. Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa yayo lihlotshaniswa umbhaphathizo Rus, amaphethini eziyisisekelo ukuboniswa nezithombe zosanta izigcawu waseBhayibhelini. Sicu lesitsi imisebenzi yobuciko lasendulo ubufakazi "Ustyug Annunciation", "The Virgin Orans", "Christmas". Lokhu kuthambekela sekungamakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka zikhona eziningana.

inkathi olunothile

Umlando Old Umdwebo Russian ihlukaniswe izinkathi ezimbili ezinkulu. Esokuqala sasithatha kusukela phakathi IX ukuze XIII leminyaka. Ibizwa ngokuthi ubuciko Kievan Rus.

Isikhathi sesibili lihlotshaniswa kumiswa uMbuso eMoscow. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa yayo (kusuka XIII ukuze XVII leminyaka.), Ibhalwe ngu array Amazing imisebenzi ezibalulekile yobuciko. nezikhathi Major babuye izigaba ezincane okuhlotshaniswa yezenzakalo ezingokomlando, ukuphoqelela isinyathelo yayo phezu izithombe kanye storylines. Sicu lesitsi imisebenzi yobuciko wasendulo, zadalwa esikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu akwaziwa.

Inkolelo ezingamaqaba imimoya zokucathula, imkhulekele akasilahlile ifa round uphondo obunamaparele ngesiliva emihle, izithombe ezihlukahlukene ilanga, izinyoni, izimbali - konke lokho abantu babekholelwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ekhatsi Kiev walondoloza amathempeli ngezithombe eyaqala ngonyaka 980. Izithombe Old Umdwebo Russian baxhumane Perrunom, Horse, Makosh nezinye onkulunkulu bamaqaba imihlatshelo.

Iqhaza of Byzantium ekuthuthukiseni bokubeka Rus

History of the legatsha WaseByzantium waqala ngombhapathizo Rus Prince uVladimir. It omenyiwe abaculi abaningi sokwakha amathempeli futhi efundisa izikebhe iconography wezingcweti wendawo. Ibandla omdala wayehlala ezenziwe ngokhuni. Yena, ngeshwa, akazange ngasinda.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII, ibutho Batu Khan ezibhuqiwe cishe yonke imizi Russian. Abasinda Pskov futhi Novgorod baqhubeka ukudala sezingcweti. Omunye wabo kwakungu-edumile Feofan Grek, ongowokuzalwa waseByzantium. Wayesebenza yena kanye ngokoqobo oqeqeshiwe, oyedwa wabo Andrei Rublev. Sicu lesitsi imisebenzi yobuciko lasendulo isithonjana umdwebi - "The Annunciation", "I Ekulu Gabriel", "yehla Hogo" kanye nabanye abaningi - baziwa ngisho nalabo abangewona uyakuthanda art ngokujulile.

iconography Rublev

Icons kanye nemidwebo Andreya Rubleva baba yisibonelo kuzo zonke izizukulwane. Bonke igcwele ukucatshangelwa ukuthobeka, imfudumalo nothando Kristu. Lesi sici ihlukanisa umsebenzi wakhe kwemisebenzi Feofana Greka owafundisa Rublev. WaseByzantium Master lokubhala bazisa futhi ngokudabukisayo, futhi yilokho akwenza. Andrei Rublev etshaliwe ingxenye umphefumulo wakhe ngamunye uzungu lwakhe. Old Russian isithonjana umdwebi Umdwebo akabashiyi ubani abalandeli banganandaba namtjhana abantu abavamile.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu xv, lapho Russia ngiyilahle kwejoka Tatar-Mongol, eMoscow aqala ukuze zichume iyisikhungo wangempela - inhloko-dolobha umbuso onamandla. Architecture kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Moscow ezibiyele is uphatheke kabi ngale ukuqashelwa. Kube Ensemble esikhulu yezakhiwo ehlotshisiwe Cathedral Square. Amathempeli abangu ehlotshiswe lenqwaba imifanekiso kanye nemidwebo enhle ngokubabazekayo.

umhlaba wonke

Kuleli qophelo, futhi bachuma yobuciko neyezandla. Izikhulu kanye Knights of lo mkhaya waqala oda amakhosi izinto eliyingqayizivele ezibaziweyo, izinkomishi, izitsha, eziningi zazo wethulwa zezindela namathempeli.

Njengoba baziwa lokuthunga ERussia yasendulo. Okunengi linikezwa Isigodlo Solovetsky. Craftswomen efekethisiwe indwangu "UCyril Belozersky" omasha iconostasis, "The Virgin Burning", nabanye. Bonke emelelwa Russian Museum futhi bakha ingxenye enkulu yefa bokubeka isimo Russian.

kabusha XVII ekhulwini abadumile kwezobuciko bokwakha. Impahla ebaluleke kakhulu Armoury, adalwe amakhosi engcono. Esifanayo kwaphawula ukuqala portrait art eRussia. kobuso benkosi kusenzo ubuciko bokubhala isithonjana. Sicu lesitsi imisebenzi yobuciko zasendulo parsuna ovele laziwa kabanzi, isibonelo, "isiphambano Chinese" Bogdan Saltanov.

Imicimbi-1917 ziye zaholela ingcindezelo yokungakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. ezikhumbuzo Abaningi Old art Russian kanye izakhiwo nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada phakade, ukuthi kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi ukufunda inkathi esikhulu Orthodox. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, inzalo emlandweni walo wathatha izintambo manje Selilonke, isithonjana aphinde athathe indawo yakhe efanele amasonto Russian.