Sturgeon zilwane. Sturgeon (inhlanzi): izithombe

Isikhathi esiningi Sturgeon zinhlobo izinhlanzi eziphila emanzini uLwandle Lukasawoti nihlambe ziyozalela ngamanzi agobhozayo. Ubukhulu kulencane kakhulu endowed sterlets abameleli ezithinta usayizi isilinganiso cm 30 kuya ku-1 m kanye isisindo lomdumbula ukuba 4 kg. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke izinhlobo omele - Sturgeon ezimhlophe ephumelelisa mass 2 m 9 m ubude.

ukudoba Namuhla ka Sturgeon - zokudoba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphezu inyama, lokhu zilwane caviar yayo ezibalulekile. Phakathi zidala izinhlanzi vyov akuvumelekile. Kodwa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho liyachuma yonke indawo, ngisho naye futhi ngenkuthalo ekulweni.

izici kwangaphandle kanye nesakhiwo

Abamele Sturgeon - omunye izinhlanzi ezinkulu emkhathini amanzi imifula nolwandle, banezizathu umzimba side, embozwe imigqa ezinhlanu scutellum bony: 1 ngemuva, 2 ohlangothini ngalunye 2 ukuphaphatheka esiswini. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ithambo amapuleti. Sturgeon - izinhlanzi nge empumulweni eside oyindilinga, efana lokwela. Ngezansi ikhanda ngokufanele pulpy umlomo lip, okuyinto izinhlobo eziningana has simise ucwezana futhi libuye esisogwini izinhlangothi. 4 elise ngezansi ingxenye nomlomo. Umhlathi unohlobo beya ngaphandle amazinyo.

Kushisa bhé kule ndawo fin phezu kwesifuba kakhulu uqweqwe bese libukeka ameva, le amaphiko kancane esehlehlisa. Swimbladder itholakala ngaphansi emgogodleni futhi kuhambisana emphinjeni. Uhlaka lwamathambo has ezingenamgogodla, uqwanga isakhiwo kulondolozwe kuzithinta. Gill ulwelwesi 4 zixhunywe ngase emphinjeni bese ungena ku emphinjeni, futhi kukhona okhonzile 2 zokuphefumula.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ezimweni eziningi, zonke izinhlobo Sturgeon ngesikhathi zidala idluliselwe imithombo fresh emanzini angajulile. labantu wabo ngempela kwande, futhi umdala ngokwanele kanye nabantu ezinkulu angakhiqiza izigidi izibungu. Zidala kwenzeka entwasahlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zawo, ngaphandle zidala, zifakwe emanzini kwemifula naphezu phezu gumbi. Bahlala ikakhulukazi phansi emadanyini, zidla encane inhlanzi, izimpethu, mollusk nezinambuzane.

pubescence

Sturgeon umndeni, ehlanganisa uhlu cishe izinhlobo ezimbili zezintuthwane kweshumi, emelelwe ikakhulu kade. Isikhathi abantu ukulungele eziyizimbangela kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi indawo yemvelo kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu. Ngalesi sikhathi ungabona ezinye indlela amanzi angajulile fresh emfuleni ezibhuzayo namanxusa Sturgeon. Ngemva zidala abantu esikhiqiza amaqanda phansi nasemfudlaneni ngaseLwandle, ukwanda ngobukhulu, ayakhula. Ngonyaka owalandela, futhi uhambe ziyozalela.

Kukhula Sturgeon, kanye nokuvuthwa, uyephuza kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo esekulungele ukuzalela kuphela eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-20. Kwabesifazane, kokuqala kokuthomba ephakathi kwengu-8 kuya kwezingu-21, abesilisa iminyaka 5 kuya 18. Kodwa ngokuphathelene isisindo kungashiwo ukuthi Sturgeon izinhlanzi zinhlobo - abakhileyo ezanda emadanyini. Indlela esheshayo ufinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba Sturgeon Dnieper futhi Don, eningi isikhathi eside - abakhileyo iVolga.

zidala

Akuwona wonke Sturgeon zesifazane eziyizimbangela njalo ngonyaka. Njalo Sturgeon ngonyaka kubanga kuphela. abameleli Spawn ka Sturgeon e entwasahlobo nasehlobo in the amanzi aqabulayo imifula zamanje okusheshayo. It has an isakhiwo ingcina, ngokuphelele exhunywe flagstone noma amatshe.

gazinga

Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela okubuya amaqanda, abe-yolk sac, elibangela isikhathi endogenous kwamandla. Ngokuzimela zisebenzisa ukudla angaphandle Fry ngaleso sikhathi, lapho isinye endogenous egxile ngokuphelele. Bese kuba inkathi asebenzayo ukunikezela exogenous. Ngemva kwalokho, le gazinga zingase zihlale emanzini emfuleni, kodwa ngokuvamile izibungu ukuwela ulwandle ehlobo ngawo lowo nyaka. Ngakho wande Sturgeon. Izithombe ezihlukahlukene nababamele ingatholakala kulesi sihloko.

amandla gazinga

Ukudla lokuqala Sturgeon gazinga - ke zooplankton, ezifana Daphnia. Uma baqala ukudla abamele ezinamagobolondo:

* Gammarids,

* Chironomids,

* Opossum nezimfanzi.

Ukukhethwa kuyinto okuzingela izingane Beluga abangenayo womthubi futhi ayezidinga lapho emfuleni ukuze baqale ukudla kwabo.

ukuqhubeka Sturgeon ovuthiwe yobudala kwenzeka emanzini olwandle. abameleli Ukuxhumana Sturgeon ihlukaniswe entwasahlobo ebusika izinhlobo. Ukuze livela okokuqala komkhuba emfuleni entwasahlobo. Zidala kwenzeka kuzo cishe ngokushesha. Winter likhona emfuleni ekwindla, ebusika kanye eziyizimbangela komnyaka.

Ukwahlukanisa Sturgeon umndeni

Ekuqaleni ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili Sturgeon:

* Sturgeon;

* Skafirinyh.

Bonke ndawonye wayesenemali eningi ngaphezu mayelana 25 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa kuphela ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele ka-Asia, e-Europe nase-North America. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani labantu abathile kubo enyamalala.

izinhlobo

Sturgeon zinhlobo athandwa kakhulu kule mboni. Okwamanje, siyazi of 17 kwezinhlobo ezahlukene abameleli Sturgeon. Ethandwa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Beluga - uhlobo eminingi yasendulo emanzini angenawo usawoti. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo ke ingahlala iminyaka engu-100. I Beluga enkulu kungenzeka 5 m ubude futhi ube mass amathani 2. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda izinhlanzi kubonakala torpedo ukuma, embozwe zokuzivikela bony namapulethi imigqa 5, emnyama-grey, kanti phansi - omhlophe. Phansi nomlomo ube izimpondo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanzi ekhaleni nomlomo ngesimo isikela. Izinsikazi kunangendlela kwabesilisa. Beluga - nomzingeli odla ikakhulukazi anchovy, gobies, inhlanzi, inhlanzi eyomisiwe futhi anchovy. Bejikijelana amaqanda nabesifazane kanye eminyakeni 2-4 entwasahlobo.

2. Russian Sturgeon - izinhlanzi enomzimba othini lokuphotha emise nge short empumulweni blunt. I izimpondo ahlelwe ku ekupheleni umlomo. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi uba nombala grey-black ngenhla, ezinhlangothini lemicu empunga elinamathela othini onsundu futhi isisu emhlophe. Sturgeon Russian ifinyelela esiphezulu 3 metres ubude futhi angase abe nesisindo kuze kufinyelele 115 kg. Kulokhu, umjikelezo ukuphila iminyaka 50. Emvelweni Sturgeon ungakheka nzalo nge Sturgeon, Sturgeon ezimhlophe, emgogodleni kanye Sturgeon. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela, kodwa nzalo enjalo zingatholakala. Ububanzi zezinhlanzi kwendawo yemvelo: Azov, iCaspian kanye Black iziLwandle.

3. Sturgeon laseSiberia. umzimba izinhlanzi embozwe eziningi fulkrami bone amapuleti, ngokuhambisa emlonyeni wakhe. Amazinyo lokhu izinhlanzi bengekho. Phambi emlonyeni 4 barbels. ESiberia Sturgeon kwendawo yemvelo: amachibi we Yenisei, ob, uLena futhi Kolyma. inhlanzi Maximum ikhula 3 m ubude,-200 kg isisindo bangaphila iminyaka ema-60. Zidala kuyinto phakathi ehlobo. Ukudla Sturgeon kukhona eziphilayo ezihlala ezansi emfuleni, molluscs, amphipods, izimpethu polychaete futhi chironomid izibungu.

4. Sturgeon uhlala imicengezi we Azov, Black futhi iCaspian iziLwandle. Sturgeon inhlanti ebusika kanye entwasahlobo. Ukuze uthole umzimba sevrjugi side elinesimo ekhaleni eside, ebunzini convex, izimpondo emincane futhi bushelelezi kanye nokungathuthuki we udebe lwangezansi. Kohlangothi umzimba phezulu izinhlanzi embozwe ikhava aminyene scutellum. Umhlane izinhlangothi umbala bluish-emnyama, futhi isisu - omhlophe. Sevryuga kuyaqabukela sifinyelela ezingaphezu kuka 5 m ubude kanye 50 isisindo kg.

5. Sturgeon - elingelinye lamancane phakathi Sturgeon izinhlanzi, ifinyelela 1.25 m ubude futhi nesisindo 16 kg. It has an side ewumngcingo ekhaleni, eside emilibeni ukuthi ukufinyelela umlomo ukuxhumana scutellum ezinhlangothini futhi ihlukaniswe yaba lip ezimbili aphansi. Beyond evamile Sturgeon amapuleti emzimbeni, Sturgeon kuhlobene eduze scutellum ngemuva. Kuye endaweni olwenzeka endaweni izinhlanzi ungaba lowehlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile ngemuva umbala wakhe lemicu empunga elinamathela othini onsundu, futhi sesisu aphuzi emhlophe. Amaphiko grey yonke indawo. starlet futhi ucacise abukhali elinekhala. Fish itholakala kuphela enyakatho Siberia.