U-Erich uKastner: Biography futhi umsebenzi umbhali

U-Erich uKastner (1899-1974), umbhali German kanye umhlaziyi, ongowokuzalwa Dresden, esezuze kwayo ngenxa amanoveli ezihlekisayo izingane kanye izinkondlo nezokusigcoba nge touch of uvuthondaba.

ebuntwaneni

Mayelana sasebuntwaneni umbhali zingatholakala emsebenzini wakhe onesihloko esithi "Lapho ngineminyaka izinyane." Tematheksthi oluchaza ayatholakala kuwebhu, it is hhayi okungaka eyaziwa: umfana wakhulela ku Dresden, futhi umuntu oneminyaka engu-14 bahlangana izifundo othisha '. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngaphambi nje kokuba kufike ukuphela esemthethweni Erich uKastner kuphazamisekile ukuqeqeshwa. Kamuva, lezi zenzakalo ezivele zenzeke bachazwa ngumlobi encwadini yakhe "The Flying Classroom".

Indlu lapho umfana wayehlala nomkhaya wakubo, esisogwini Konigsbryuker Strasse. Manje kuyathandeka Awukude Museum anikezelwe umbhali. Ubaba Kestner wasebenza umakhi wezihlalo zamahhashi, nonina ephethwe ukuvakashela "izindima" ezintathu: inceku, incekukazi futhi wezinwele.

Le nsizwa, wayejabula kakhulu kuye, ngakho ngisho nangemva kokushiya endlini kayise ekuqaleni Okokuqala Umhlaba (1917), waqhubeka ezibhala unina, ngokubhala izincwadi ethinta inhliziyo ngifaka. imizwa Ithenda wakhe Erich uKastner wahlupheka imisebenzi yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sakhe sengqondo akuyona sawohloka ngisho ne ukuvela amahemuhemu ukuthi bekhohliswa ku umyeni wakhe nodokotela umndeni wabo Emilem Tsimmermanom. Nokho, lolu lwazi alikaqinisekiswa, kanye ekucabangeleni Erich kungaba indodana yakhe.

kweminyaka engu

Ngemva kokuba ebuthelwa empini, le nsizwa waqeqeshwa inkampani wezikhali esindayo. Lokhu kwaba nenkinga enzima ukuze Kestner abasha nendima enkulu ekwakhiweni wakhe umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke.

Ngo ibutho, u-Erich uvalwe yamba, okuholela ukuthuthukiswa yesifo senhliziyo in umlobi esizayo. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, umfanekiso master Usayitsheni yakhe Vauriha kumuntu osonile uzovela izinkondlo satirical usulu le impi German futhi abantu abanjalo, ngiyajabula ukusekela le nqubomgomo.

umsebenzi

Ngemva kokuphothulwa Okokuqala Umhlaba Erich uKastner ukuthi libhaliswe -University of Leipzig, okwakunginika bakhethe humanities kanye yaseshashalazini izifundo. Nokho, ukuqeqeshwa wayengekho mahhala, futhi emaphaketheni ezingenalutho ophoqelelwe le nsizwa ukuba uzindle isidingo itoho, ngaphakathi spite of "Igolide scholarship," ayewutholile ngaphambili.

Ngenxa yalokho, uKastner wazama eziningi: kusuka umdayisi impepho wamasheya umsizi. Ngemva sivikele mqondo yakhe ngo-1925, u-Erich waqala zarabyvat journalism ukugxekwa ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu kukholomu omunye emaphephandabeni endawo, kodwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva kwathiwa angihambe. Insizwa osolwa yokuziphatha engenangqondo ngokubhala le nkondlo "Kusihlwa Iculo ekamelweni virtuoso", okuyinto has a olwalusikisela ecacile zangasese.

Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba Wachaza izenzakalo Kestner Erih kuhanjiswe ku Berlin ukuqhubeka ukusebenza zonke iphephandaba efanayo, njengoba nje umnyango ngezokuvakasha isiko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, intsha wadabula eziningi lezibizo eshicilelwe ngaphansi isihloko sakhe: uBerthold Burger, Melchior uKurtz, uPetru Flint noRobert Neuner.

Kuze kube manje, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi esikhathini kusuka ngo-1923 kuya 1933. Kestner, utlole ezingaphezu kuka-350 ama-athikili. I alaziwa inani eliqondile ngoba imisebenzi eminingi umbhali baqothulwa umlilo ngo-1944.

Esikhathini kusuka 1926 kuya ku-1932. iphephandaba eBeyers für Alle kwavela kancane esingaphansi izindaba ezingamakhulu amabili ahlukene nezimfumbe izingane, eyabhalwa Erich futhi ishicilelwe ngaphansi mbumbulu ka Klaus futhi Clare. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda banyathelisa izihloko zakhe kanye nezinye izinto nakomagazini abahlukahlukene, okuyinto ngokushesha waba nedumela emibuthanweni obuhlakani Berlin.

U-Erich uKastner: kumbhali

Incwadi yokuqala umbhali, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1928, kwaba iqoqo izinkondlo, kanye ezintathu ezilandelayo zikhuluma. Ngemva konyaka, wenza imisebenzi e temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, omunye wabo (inoveli zezingane "Emil kanye Abaseshi") kuthandwa kakhulu kuze kube manje. On ke wathwebula movie eziningana ngisho mini-chungechunge, nakuba ngesakhiwo ungowokuqala kakhulu ifilimu lithathelwe senziwa izinguquko ezithile, ngokuhambisana nezidingo isikhathi.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva, imisebenzi nezinye zezingane yashicilelwa: "U-Anton Inkinobho," "I Flying Classroom", "ababili Lotta". Le noveli oluzuzisa ngokuya ukubaluleka tetemibhalo, ezibhekwa eshicilelwe, ngo-1931, "UFabian: Indaba a moralist."

Ngo-1933, u-Erich uKastner, ogama zincwadi zashiswa njengoba ukujivaza futhi ephikisa umoya German lasuswa kusukela Writers 'Union ngemva ngemibuzo eminingana amaGestapo. Umlobi, asele e-Berlin ngenxa ukwenqena baphonse kanina, owayesebenzisa mathupha wengamela 'umlilo show "esigcawini.

Ngenxa yalokho, esikhathini sokubusa kwamaNazi ukushicilelwa imisebenzi yakhe kwaba nhlobo, kodwa u-Erich wakwazi ukushicilela eSwitzerland, abanye amanoveli ngempela ayinangozi.

Ngemva kwempi, umbhali ubhala i inoveli kwakhe mayelana neminyaka yakhe eseyingane "Lapho ngisemncane," kanye "Little Max" futhi "Little Max kanye Little Miss" (1957), anikezelwe indodana yakhe, u-Erich.

Kestner imisebenzi odlule, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1961, kuyoba idayari yakhe, "Nota Bene 45".

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili

Ngo-1944 Kestner flat lushiswe ngamabhomu, ngakho lapho impi yayisiphelile, umbhali kuhanjiswe ku Munich, lapho wathatha isikhundla esiphezulu eMnyangweni ephephandabeni lendawo, wakhuluma emsakazweni nasesikhathini cabaret etemibhalo.

Ngokusobala, ngenxa ukuphila okunjalo sesiyaluyalu Kestner Erih wayengalokothi oshadile, kodwa kwadingeka indodana ethandekayo Thomas. Umlobi wafa umtholampilo Munich (Neuperlach) ngoJulayi 1974 wangcwatshwa emathuneni of St George.