Methanol: umphumela emzimbeni womuntu ngu ephefumula, usizo lokuqala

Ubuthi nge methanol kanye ethanol avamise imbangela ukukhubazeka nokufa. Lokhu kujwayele ukwenzeka nabantu asetshenziswa ngubani ukudla utshwala esikhundleni futhi awuboni umehluko phakathi kwabo. Yiqiniso, akekho kungaba ephephile kusuka abampofu imikhiqizo izinga zidayiswa ezitolo, ngakho udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukuqaphela ubuthi futhi ukuthi kuleli cala ukuthatha.

izakhiwo

Methanol uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle nge nephunga utshwala, kalula oncibilikayo emanzini. Kungaba exutshwa ezihogelwayo, ezifana-benzene, acetone, nezinye alcohols. Lapho contact nge air ingxube kuba kuqhume, degrees eyishumi nesithupha Celsius ngokwanele ukuba ukuthungela iphutha. Umthamo ebulalayo kubantu namamililitha angu-100.

ukukhiqizwa

Ngo commercial isikali methanol angakhiqiza izindlela eziningana. Into yokuqala yaqala ukuthola izincwadi ngemva ziphuzo zazihluzwa ezomile izinkuni lihambisana lignin ke lapho ubuchwepheshe esikhiqiza utshwala by yokubola usawoti nge formic acid ngaphansi kwethonya okushisa aphezulu. Lapho sekuyinto uneconomic, kwanqunywa ukuba synthesize methanol kusukela methane ngu namachibi olungaphelele ke. Manje le njongo, carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen ne ukwengeza kulethe zethusi-zinc.

yokutakula

methanol-imikhiqizo kakhulu zingcolisa indawo esizungezile. Amanzi owakha isetshenziswa uhlanzekile yayo kanye ziphuzo zazihluzwa, ngakho ayegcwele izinto eziyingozi, ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuyalwa kaningi filtration, kwezulu namakhemikhali uhlanzekile kusenzima ukuba kuhlalwe ukuphuza. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi-ke kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa methanol nge iluphu avaliwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanzi ukuze uphinde usetshenziswe, kodwa hhayi uhlangane njengoba udoti begazi noma amakhemikhali. Banikezwe inkinga yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni, le nqubo ezazizosiza ukulondoloza imithombo ecebile yezinto zemvelo.

ukusetshenziswa

Ngo commercial isikali methanol lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi kuphela ngoba lacquers nopende, njengoba impahla eluhlaza for okwalandela ukukhiqizwa zamakhemikhali substrate for ukuthaka imithi. He is ingxenye uketshezi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni. Iningi methanol lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa we-formaldehyde njengenhlangano okufakiwe kuze uphethiloli, yengezwe ugqugquzela for racing izimoto izithuthuthu.

Izinkampani eziningi amakha zisebenzisa methanol ekukhiqizeni amakha ngenxa ukunambitheka iphikelela kodwa CIS esinjalo kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho amalungelo umthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi igesi futhi petroleum imikhiqizo futhi uthole ukusetshenziswa methanol. Kuthinta usawoti imali kwi ezindongeni amashubhu abilayo, ngaleyo ndlela nokugcina umthamo wabo.

umzimba

izimpawu ejwayelekile lokudakwa kungabonwa ngehora ngemuva kokuthatha ngoqobo, kodwa kwezinye abantu hhayi izimpawu zingase zibonakale ngezingxabano kuze usuku olulodwa nengxenye. It is ngokushesha ugxile esiswini, kodwa akheka kancane ngokwanele ngakho aphume emzimbeni esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto. Uma ngezikhathi phakathi ngemithamo amancane, isihlungu kungaba buthelela. Bangaphezu kuka-70% we ketshezi uboniswa ngesikhathi ukuphefumula, cishe akukho ubuthi ukubola. Labo abasele abanga-30% e-isibindi emva neutralization ukushiya umzimba nge umchamo.

Isenzo of methanol kanye ethanol emzimbeni womuntu sephula redox izinqubo, okubangela hypoxia futhi lactic. Lokhu, yena, kuholela nokuntuleka amavithamini C no B1 kanye kuyanda lokudakwa. Lezi alcohols ihlukaniswa njengoba Neuro-semithambo ubuthi protoplasmic.

Ithonya Lako emehlweni

Njengoba uma imuncwe, nokuthi ukungenisa methanol nomthelela umbono uhlala eyinhlekelele. Ukunqotshwa kwe-nerve optic futhi retina waphawula ezimweni lokudakwa oyingozi futhi ubuthi ezingamahlalakhona. Pathophysiology bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa imikhiqizo umzimba methanol. Bona ukuvimbela ezanele oxidative phosphorylation kwe-retina bese wehlisa ijubane kumiswa umoya-mpilo-free-glucose. Ukuntuleka izakhi kuyingozi uhlaka umbono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, methanol umusi obulimaza lwamafinyila, okuholela ukuvuvukala, edema nobuhlungu.

inhalation

intuthu Toxic-formaldehyde kuyaqabukela aqukethe methanol okumsulwa. Isenzo umzimba womuntu ngu ephefumula Kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni kufika ukuphendula yokucasuka endawo ukumuncwa lwamafinyila nangemva bungene egazini - ubuthi obuhamba zomzimba. izimpawu zokwelashwa kanje. Isisulu ekhononda ka isiyezi, isicanucanu uzizwa kwenkungu phambi kwamehlo akhe ngenxa ukudakwa ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokucijile encishisiwe acuity ezibukwayo, ubuhlungu ngakwesokudla quadrant engenhla. ubuthi anjalo ngokuvamile ezingamahlalakhona kuka-acute, ngenxa yokucasuka enamandla elingenhla zokuphefumula ipheshana abantu ukuze zigweme ukuthintana methanol.

zokungenisa

Methanol nethonya elilimaza kakhulu emzimbeni Ngokuvamile ubonakaliswa isimo sengqondo utshwala denatured namanye amakhemikhali. Ukuze ingozi kwesintu kukhulu ngisho abayishumi namamililitha lokhu "isiphuzo", futhi umthamo amathathu ml kungaba yingozi. Kodwa naye lowo muntu efanayo kungaba sisabela ngezindlela ezingafani methanol, ukuyisebenzisa unomphela noma ngezikhawu eside. Ngokuvamile abantu waphawula cyanosis (turning okwesibhakabhaka), futhi umoya ezingavamile ezijulile, Ukudlikizela kungenzeka. Pulse is speeded up, ukusabela izingane ukuthi azinazo yini ukukhanya sishoda. Ngokuvamile, abantu bayafa ngenxa ukumisa zokuphefumula. Uma umuntu ezazi, wakhononda ka ubuhlungu esiswini, lingekho ithemba izimpukane phambi kwamehlo, izinkinga umbono. Ngisho noma isiguli ayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila ngaphansi Esimweni esinjalo, the ukungasebenzi kwesibindi kakade engelapheki.

ubuthi okungamahlalakhona

Lapho-ke siyenzeka ukwehla imibala, yoma ngwengwzi, edema nokufa Izinzwa optic engasenamahloni ukusabela izingane ukuthi azinazo yini umfutho ukukhanya. Man uyakhathala ngokushesha, uhlangabezana ubuhlungu bekhanda phakathi nengxenye ngosuku lwesibili, kukhona ukucasuka ngokweqile, tearfulness, futhi lability ngokomzwelo. Uma izinto imuncwe noma ukuphuza kakhulu zingenalo methanol, umphumela emzimbeni womuntu kuyoba obunganakekile. It babonakalise nesanda tinnitus, imikhuhlane njalo, ukukhwehlela ngoba kungekho sobala sizathu, ikhanda, ongaboni.

Umthelela methanol esikhumbeni iye insufficiently wafunda. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka kanye kanye lapho ephefumula of umusi, ukuze ukubonakaliswa letindzala yibona phezu wendawo. Kodwa uma kwenzeka lapho umdwebi elachitheka kuphela ngokwako on izingubo nezicathulo. Esikhundleni ushintsho, Lo mlisa waqhubeka ukusebenza. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, wayengasaboni.

zosizo lokuqala

Okokuqala, kudingeka ukususa methanol. Isenzo emzimbeni womuntu (ngosizo lokuqala kusekelwe pathogenesis ubuthi, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuqhubeka ikhambi) is ushevu imikhiqizo umzimba. Ngakho, lowo inikeza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, kudingeka noma zivimbele ukudlula methanol ukuze formaldehyde. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wenze lavage esiswini uma isisulu uyiswa esibhedlela ngesikhathi yokuqala amahora amabili. Plus, ukumnika emthanjeni kuyinto 5% baking soda (1 ilitha) futhi, emva ukuwasha, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uphuze isixazululo (4.2 amalitha). Ukuze silondoloze izinga elidingekayo ukuze amandla emsipheni optic nobuchopho injected phansi kwesikhumba nge 500 ml 5% glucose. Kanye njalo ngemva kwesigamu izinyathelo ihora eziphuthumayo kufanele baphuze isixazululo equkethe 5 g sodium hydroxide. eboniswe Futhi emthanjeni isixazululo sodium lactate, kuze 4 amalitha ngosuku.

Zonke lezi imisebenzi eyenziwa nge control ngehora asidi-base amazinga egazi isimo Bicarbonate kanye asidi umchamo. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ezingeni electrolyte futhi ulungise lapho beyidinga. Monitoring okwenzeka enhliziyweni liyadingeka.

Ethanol - ikhemikhali neutralizes methanol. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo umzimba womuntu sengathi enzyme isibindi kuyoba "matasa" namachibi ezivamile ethanol futhi methanol zihlala zinjalo futhi izohamba umzimba nge emoyeni ngamakhala kanye nomchamo. Lapho kuyaziwa ukuthi isisulu lithole umthamo omkhulu we methyl utshwala, wayihlukumeza kakhulu masinyane, iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi 5% isixazululo ETHYL utshwala 5% isixazululo glucose ngesilinganiso 1.5-2 g utshwala ngalinye 1 kg isisindo isiguli ngelanga, njalo nokuqapha lokuhlushwa ethanol egazini, njengoba kalula kusukela izidakamizwa iphenduka ushevu.

Isenzo methanol kuyinto eziyingozi hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ngokushesha zazaziwa izitho - sithinta bonke izinhlelo zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa lingaze kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa oksijini, CPR, ukopha, izidakamizwa ukuthuthukisa umsoco of imisipha yenhliziyo nokugcina excitability yayo futhi contractility. Uma isiguli izinguquko kwengqondo, khona-ke unikezwa sine. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-hemodialysis.

izinyathelo

Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe ukuphepha ukuncoma esikhundleni izimboni methanol. Ithonya Lako umzimba womuntu yalolu ketshezi idlula nekusebenta ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Kukhona enye ngesimo ETHYL utshwala, zokwenziwa alcohols. Ezindaweni kuyingozi ngokukhethekile Kunconywa ukugqoka igesi buso.

Isenzo methanol umuntu ngamunye, njengoba ungabona, omubi. Ukuze avikele abantu contact okungadingekile yalolu ketshezi kufanele sisetshenziselwe kophawu ezithile iziqukathi eyiqukethe futhi izinto ezazikhona esidlangalaleni, njengokubonisa lacquers, upende kumakhemikhali awuketshezi yabo. Amapayipi nge methanol ababethi umbala ezifanele, isixwayiso abasebenzi kwezindlu kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi, ngoba akuyona kuphela ezinobuthi kodwa futhi kuqhume, ikakhulukazi eduze high voltage sezintambo noma igesi amapayipi, avamise wabeka ndawonye.

Ekugcineni Ngithanda ukufaka isikhalazo kulabo, naphezu kwakho konke, njalo lisebenzisa methanol: nomthelela umzimba wenyama negazi, unezwi kokubili ngokusheshayo futhi kancane kancane, futhi asikho isiqinisekiso uma uyigwema ubuthi ngaphambi, ngeke qhebeza phezulu nga you esikhathini esizayo. Qaphela futhi ukufunda amalebuli ngokucophelela!