Ukudweba "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa". Incazelo Umdwebo Vasiliya Surikova "Ekuseni ka 'Ukwenza' le Strelets

Ukudweba "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa" ibhulashi Vasily Surikov ubeka umbukeli ungakulungele kumile. Yini uvezwa lapha? Kusobala ukuthi usizi abantu sika: izinkanuko jikelele ayinawo isizathu sokungabaza ke. Futhi esithombeni ungabona - futhi ufunde - Tsar uPetru Okokuqala. izilaleli isiRashiya Cishe kungayinto enhle isiqephu owaziwayo emlandweni waleli zwe, lapho amashalofu Royal eMoscow, usebenzisa inkosi aphethe phesheya rose. Kodwa yini eyashukumisela ngizibuyisele kule evukelayo? Futhi lokho umculi wayefuna ukuthi umdwebo wakhe? Ngempela, naphezu kwezimangaliso igama elibuhlungu, isithombe abakwazi ukubona noma yiziphi walengiswa noma anqunywe ikhanda. Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu.

Le nguqulo esemthethweni izenzakalo

udade uPeter Omkhulu sika, uSophia A., ngensimbi e le Novodevichy Sezindela, akazange ashiye amathemba ukuba ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi sika-Russia. Sibambe ukungabi ngomfowabo, wathi UPetru washintsha. Wabiza abacibisheli ukuba bamsize futhi bavikele eRussia kusukela ayehlasela infidels (ie abaphathi European, inkosi ababemenywe eJalimane naseNetherlands). We phendula call yakhe amabutho 175 kusukela regiments ezine. Zafika ngo eMoscow nge sicelosikhalo ngoMashi 1698. Ekuqaleni kuka-April, yakwazi lokususa ezivela eMoscow, kodwa bona babuyela regiments yabo futhi wavukela. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba ukwakha phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi uSophia, futhi uma enqaba umbuso - abadingisiwe V. Golitsyna. UHulumeni wathumela izihlubuki ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngokumelene regiments ezine abagibela amahhashi zasebukhosini. Ngo-June, ukuvukela ukuthi ukuyiveza, futhi "abangobhongoza kwenqubomgomo kakhulu" walengiswa. Echaza Strelets'execution ekuseni, Surikov ithatha njengoba isisekelo yayo version esemthethweni. Lokho isenzo kobulungisa, wafeza 22 noma 28 Juni 1698. Khona-ke, ngokuvumelana zemihla ngemihla, abantu amahlanu nesithupha alengiswa.

umlando Morning Strelets'execution

Eqinisweni, ukucindezelwa mass yaqala lapho uPetru ebuyela eRussia (25 Agasti 1698). Inkosi usuqalise yaholela kabusha uphenyo. Okwamanje Strelets'execution ekuseni, ukudalulwa onikeza osomaqhinga washaqeka ngesikhathi, kuthathe indawo 10 Okthoba. Khona-ke walengiswa ikhanda abacibisheli ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Abahlanu kubo, inkosi uqobo anqunywe ikhanda. Uye yehlelwa ubani, musa bheka kukhona ubulili kanye neminyaka. nezincekukazi Odade ababili kwakhe luhlelwe wangcwatshwa emhlabathini uyaphila. Abacibishelayo 500, ngubani sisebancane kakhulu, inkosi ebugqilini isigwebo sentambo, kodwa usike ekhaleni, izindlebe, ufake isitembu futhi bathunjwe. I ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu baqhubeka kwaze kwaba sentwasahlobo ka-1699. Bury inkosi abulawe, okwakuthiwa fan of amagugu European, uvunyelwe kuphela ngo-February.

Umlando lokubhala ngendwangu

Ngakho-ke ufuna ukutshela umbukeli Umdwebo "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa", okuyinto in the State Tretyakov Igalari lombukiso eMoscow? Lona ngendwangu omkhulu wokuqala Vasiliya Surikova wasifaka tetsamelilwati takhe wona. Wayesebenza kuso iminyaka emithathu - kusukela 1878 kuya 1881 Kungani umdwebi waphendukela isihloko umlando Russian? Mhlawumbe bathi ukuhlala eMoscow ubudala, lapho wathuthela emva le Petersburg Academy of Arts. Kuthiwa ekuqaleni umculi wafuna uqophe ngendwangu, futhi abambalwa alengiswa. Waze wadweba imidwebo. Kodwa omunye izintombi zasemizini endlini Kuthe ewabona, waquleka. Ngakho-ke Surikov lwakhipha umqondo ukwethusa umbukeli. Kodwa edabukisayo isigwebo asabisayo lesenta sihlale kuloko kuphelelwa ukungezwani njalo. Lo muzwa kunamandla emehlweni izigcawu wezimpi ezalandela. Ukudweba "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa" like ngalendoda Tretyakov. Akapholisanga maseko, walithenga. Futhi kamuva wanezela iqoqo ezimbili wizadi izindikimba zomlando - "Boyar tvoix rukax" futhi "Menshikov e Berezovo".

ukwakheka

Lokhu useyile omkhulu (379 x 218 amasentimitha) amisiwe uwoyela. Ukudweba "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa" alondolozwa ku Umbala omnyama, elibuye kugcizelela usizi esesitokisini okwamanje. Umculi yakhetha ukuthola ezithakazelisayo ekwakheni izingoma. Wavala ibanga phakathi izinto Red Square. Umdwebo uvumelane ilungelo ezibiyele umbhotjhongo nisebenzisa odongeni, St Vasiliya Blazhennogo futhi endaweni ngokubulawa. Ngakho, kwakunabamemezeli abambalwa kuphela abangabodwa kweshumi izinhlamvu ukwakha lokujabulela isixuku esikhulu, efanekisela abantu Russian. Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sibalo yenkosi ingemuva. Ukuze autocrat ukuba ingabonakala, umculi ukuboniswa kuye ngehhashi. UPetru "duel ukubukeka" nge omunye Musketeers, oye weqa phansi isisindo zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu. Inkosi uyaqaphela ukuthi akanakho ukuphatha phezu umoya uyaziqhenya abantu, futhi indawo yayo uhlala unquenched.

imibala

Umdwebo "Ekuseni we Strelets Ukubulawa" Surikov esetshenziswa Palette ocebile. Early ekuseni ekwindla emva ebusuku semvula lapho isikwele namanje uhlanganyela inkungu ukhonza elimpunga engibukhulumile ngaso ngokucace kakhudlwana avele amahembe amhlophe yicala streltsi kanye amakhandlela ezandleni zabo. ibala elikhanyayo, edonsa ukubukwa izibukeli, imele umcibisheli nge ngezinwele ezibomvu. Nakuba izandla zakhe ziboshwe futhi baminyana izinyawo zakhe ngamaketanga, kuyacaca ukuthi umoya wakhe ongcwele ngobugebengu. Limele shot phezulu le nelangabi lekhandlela, yena ekucindezela esandleni sakhe. amahembe White futhi elimpunga, le grisaille ukuthambisa izingubo ezikhanyayo abakhileyo ngalezo zikhathi. unkosikazi Red kerchief ntombazanyana segolide-elingenamikhono Strelets 'umbukeli udluliselwa isizwe lusizi.

kufanekisa

Esikhathini Umdwebo "Ekuseni we Strelets ebulawa," umculi ubeke ikhodi ethile, kuyaqondakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Okokuqala, inani "7". Yileyo indlela abacibisheli kakhulu kuboniswe ngendwangu (omunye wabo esethathe kude ukukhishwa - kwaba kuphela ikhandlela evutha - uphawu umphefumulo akhe angunaphakade). It kuyabonakala ezahlukweni eziyisikhombisa Cathedral of Vasiliya Blazhennogo. blade lokuklama futhi athwala incazelo efihliwe. Okuqinile ezibiyele umbhoshongo oluhambisana sibalo Tsar uPeter Omkhulu, ngenkathi isibonisi esikhanyayo, ikhanda egqamile esontweni zifanekisela nezifiso Russian abantu Orthodox, komkhulumeli imibono ukuthi abulawa, futhi yabacibishelayo.