Ezikhathini Zasendulo Nezanamuhla Greece: inkolo kanye nezici zayo

Amasiko inkolo lasendulo Greece yokuqala kakhulu futhi ithakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi ugqozi eziningi zabantu kuze kube namuhla emhlabeni wonke. Inkolo kanye art yaseGrisi yasendulo ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ziyabonakala ngemisebenzi abalobi kanye izimbongi, ematsheni, imidwebo kanye nabanye. Namuhla sizoxoxa kanjani onkulunkulu abakhulekelwa yilabo amaGreki nje uma leyo mihlatshelo futhi iyiphi indima kukhala ophathwa ngabapristi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda ukuthi izinguquko zomlando wazibonela Greece. Inkolo ke sashintshwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ku-Orthodox. Mayelana yesimanje ubuKristu ngesiGreki, siphinde ukuyichaza ngokuningiliziwe. Nokho, Okokuqala, agcwele ezweni efana Ancient Greece. Inkolo lenzé neqhaza elikhulu empucukweni yomhlaba.

Inkolo Ancient Greece

Ngokuvamile, ngakho Ungamtshela, cishe yilowo nalowo phakathi kwethu. Isiko lasendulo isiGreki namuhla zithandwa kakhulu. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu isiko kuleli zwe kuye kwaba inkolo njalo. Nokho, amaGreki asendulo, ngokungafani kwabaseGibhithe, ryadili onkulunkulu bawo e izingubo womuntu. Laba bantu bathandana ukuba sikujabulele ukuphila. Nakuba base yonke indaba nezidalwa zaphezulu, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, amaGreki babe ezimele nabantu esisebenzayo yadalwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umqondo wokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu uMdali engekho ezweni ezifana Ancient Greece. Ngakho Inkolo kwaba eliyingqayizivele kakhulu. AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi aphume nezinxushunxushu kwavela umhlaba, ebusuku, ebumnyameni, ayeseza emoyeni, ukukhanya, isibhakabhaka, ilanga, ulwandle, kanye nezinye amabutho ebalulekile ngokwemvelo. Isizukulwane esidala wonkulunkulu livela komhlaba nokwezulu. Futhi uZeyusi konke esikwaziyo idalwe kusukela kubo onkulunkulu Olympus.

Onkulunkulu Ancient Greece

Bonke onkulunkulu kwakukhona onkulunkulu abaningi, phakathi okuyizinto 12 main. Ngamunye wabo wenza imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko. Ngokwesibonelo, uZeyusi (ngezansi) kwaba unkulunkulu oyinhloko, kunguye Thunderer, umbusi esibhakabhakeni, samuntu amandla esimweni ezifana Ancient Greece.

inkolo amaGreki ebekiwe nokukhulekela Hera, umkakhe. Lokhu nomvikeli umndeni, unkulunkulukazi umshado. Poseidon ungumfowabo kaZeyusi. Lokhu onkulunkulu ulwandle lasendulo, umxhasi kolwandle kanye namahhashi. Athena limelela nje impi nokuhlakanipha. Dr. inkolo. Greece, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba umvikeli we izinqaba zaleli dolobha futhi wonke umuzi. Enye igama lalo unkulunkulukazi - ". Potryasatelnitsa imikhonto" uPallas, okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi Athena ngokuvumelana izinganekwane classical, kuyinto unkulunkulukazi-iqhawe. Ivame kusenzo zempi egcwele.

Ihlelo lika-namaqhawe

lonkulunkulu basendulo ngesiGreki waphila INtaba i-Olympus, entabeni eneqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhuleke kubo, kwakube nokusitheka cult heroes. Bakhandwa inikezwe njengoba polubozhestva azalelwa kusukela inyunyana abafayo nalabo onkulunkulu. Heroes izinganekwane eziningi netinkondlo yaseGrisi yasendulo kukhona Orpheus (ngenhla), Jason, Theseus, Hermes nabanye.

Ukwenza samuntu

Ukudalula izici inkolo lwesiGreki sakuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi samuntu ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngaphansi unkulunkulu Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke waqonda. AmaGreki asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi yonke kuyinto unkulunkulu ngokuphelele. Ukwenza samuntu obonakaliswe akunika nezidalwa ephakeme izimfanelo zomuntu. Onkulunkulu, njengoba kwenza amaGreki asendulo - imibono ehlanganiswe yonke. Lokhu akulutho like imithetho yemvelo elawula leyo misebenzi. Ngobakho ziyabonakala zonke ngebuhle nebubi yokuphila komuntu nendalo. nezidalwa Ephakeme abe ubuso bomuntu. Akukhona nje ngokubukeka, ayefana nabantu, kodwa futhi ukuziphatha kwabo. Onkulunkulu babe amadoda nabafazi, zingena endlini ubuhlobo babantu-like nomunye. Abakwazi okuziphindiselela, nomona, ukuthandana, banezingane. Ngakho, onkulunkulu unawo wonke labo ngebuhle nebubi ukuthi kuyizinto ukufa. Le mfanelo uchazwa, siyini isimo impucuko eGrisi lasendulo. Inkolo nomthelela yokuthi kube isici esiyinhloko zobuntu.

umhlatshelo

Ngoba bonke onkulunkulu imihlatshelo. AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi, njengabantu, izidalwa ephakeme kudingeka ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babekholelwa ukuthi ukudla kubalulekile, namathunzi sabafileyo. Ngakho-ke, amaGreki asendulo nawo azama ukuwondla. Ngokwesibonelo, Aeschylus nhlekelele Elektra uhlamvu othela iwayini izwe ukuba samukelwe ngu uyise. ukuba onkulunkulu babeseduze izipho ukuthi kwalethwa ukuze afeze izicelo womthandazo. izipho Popular babe izithelo, imifino, ezihlukahlukene breads namaqebelengwane, enikelwe onkulunkulu ngabanye. Kwakukhona nemihlatshelo wezimpi ezalandela. Basitshela ngokuyinhloko ukubulawa kwezilwane. Nokho, kakhulu kuyaqabukela abantu futhi umhlatshelo. Yilokho inkolo eGreece kwaba ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko yayo.

amathempeli

Amathempeli eGrisi lasendulo yayivame eyakhelwe emagqumeni. kocingo Bazihlukanisa kusukela nezinye izakhiwo. Ngaphakathi kuba ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu, behlonipha kabani kokwakhiwa kwethempeli. Futhi kwakunombhalo altare ukwenza izisulu ngaphandle kwegazi. izindawo Hlukanisa khona izinsalela ongcwele neminikelo. Imihlatshelo yegazi Kwakwenziwe isayithi ethile, elise phambi kwethempeli, kodwa ngaphakathi ocingweni.

abapristi

Njalo ithempeli ngesiGreki kwadingeka umpristi wayo. Baze endulo, nezizwe ezithile zase akazange badlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini. Wonke umuntu yekutikhetsela, angahlala bakhonze njengabapristi. Lesi simo ayizange ithuthuke ngisho nangemva ukubukeka uthi ngabanye. I-Oracle ukuba kuhlanganwe ethempelini main. Umsebenzi Its ukubikezela ikusasa, kanye umyalezo wokuthi kwathiwa onkulunkulu-Olympic.

AmaGreki, inkolo kwakuyindaba engathí isimo. Abapristi kwakumelwe eqinisweni civil izinceku abaye ingaphansi kwemithetho, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi. Uma kudingeka, ukwenza imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabapristi ungase amabombo bebeletha noma amakhosi. Kulokhu, inkolo akufundiswa, izincwadi zenkolo akazange adale, okungukuthi, umcabango zenkolo akusho ukuthuthukisa. Imithwalo Yemfanelo abapristi lwalulinganiselwe ekukhishweni rites ezithile emasontweni kuwo awase.

Rise of Christianity

Izehlo ngokulandelana Christian siphathelene maphakathi 2. n. e. Namuhla, lolu thando wayekholelwa ukuthi uvele njengoba inkolo "hlambalaza" futhi "ululazekile". Nokho, akuyona. Eqinisweni, ngo-umlotha kela onkulunkulu bamaGreki namaRoma uvele ukholo ovuthiwe ngaphezulu umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi Umuntu ophakeme, kanye nomqondo wokuthi uNkulunkulu-indoda, owamukela ukufa ukuze kusindiswe abantu. isimo temasiko netepolitiki umphakathi yamaGreki namaRoma sasishubile kakhulu. Kwakudingekile nokuba zithole isivikelo nokusekela kusukela nezilingo ukuntengantenga zangaphandle. Okunye inkolo kazwelonke yaseGrisi yasendulo asikwazanga abenzele. Futhi amaGreki baye baphendukela ubuKristu. On umlando ukuthuthukiswa yayo kuleli lizwe, manje nixoxe.

ibandla lokuqala

yebandla lokuqala, ngaphandle kuwukuphikisana yangaphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi bahlukunyezwa futhi yangaphandle. UbuKristu enkathini yokuqala ukhona engakaze ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, abalandeli bakhe babezokwenza ukuqoqa ngasese. AmaKristu ngesiGreki sokuqala wazama yini ukucasula uhulumeni, ngakho-ke akuwona kakhulu ngenkuthalo ukusakaza ukholo lwabo kule "abantu abaningi" futhi akazange afune ukuba amukele imfundiso entsha. Le nkolo iminyaka 1000 imukile izinkampani komhlaba disparate ukuba jikelele imfundiso ebalulekile, okuyinto ukuthonywa ukuthuthukiswa izizwe eziningi zaqala.

Umlando Omfushane ubuKristu Ancient Greece

Namuhla, inkolo main eGrisi - ubuKristu Bobu-Orthodox. Cishe u-98% amakholwa banamathele kuyo. Izakhamuzi Ekuseni kakhulu ngesiGreki ebuKristwini. Ngemva Constantine, umbusi waseRoma, isazi wamukela inkolo, ngo-330 BC. e. wathuthela eConstantinople-dolobha yakhe. Lesi sikhungo esisha isibe inhlobo dolobha benkolo bangaleso WaseByzantium noma Eastern WaseRoma. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, iyiphi izingxabano phakathi izinzalamizi ka kweRoma neConstantinople. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1054 kwaba khona ukuhlukana kwenkolo. It lahlukaniswa laba ubuKatolika nasenkolweni yobu-Orthodox. ISonto Lobu-Orthodox uye wangisekela futhi wayemelele Christian aseMpumalanga Yurophu ngemva kokunqotshwa abaseTurkey ke. Ngemva Yenguquko 1833, iSonto LamaGreki Isonto wayengomunye walaba Orthodox kuqala esifundeni yekubona ukusekela ubuholi ezingokomoya Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople. Kuze kube manje, izakhamuzi Greece Ukhethe inkolo efanele.

Isonto Modern Orthodox

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ibandla eGreece namuhla akuyona ehlukanisiwe isimo, njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Kuyinto autocephalous. U-Archbishop - oyikhanda. yokuhlala lakhe e-Athens. AmaKatolika abathi a unabantu abambalwa iziqhingi ehlukile ye-Aegean Sea, okuyinto kanye ingeyamakhosi republic Venetian. Esiqhingini Rhodes e yaseThrace siphile ngaphandle nakumaGreki Muslim nabaseTurkey.

Inkolo kuyingxenye izici eziningi umphakathi ngesiGreki. ISonto Lobu-Orthodox kunemtselela, isibonelo, uhlelo lwezemfundo. EGrisi, izingane khona izifundo zenkolo ukuthi ziphoqelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ekuseni, bahlangane bakhuleke ndawonye phambi amakilasi. ISonto futhi kuthinte ekuthathweni ngezinto eziphathelene nemigomo ethize.

izinhlangano yobuqaba

muva Inkantolo eGreece ugunyaze imisebenzi inhlangano, ekuhlanganiseni abalandeli lonkulunkulu basendulo. ngaleyo ndlela Lobuqaba inhlangano waba zomthetho kuleli zwe. Namuhla kabusha inkolo yaseGrisi yasendulo. Kobuqaba ubambe ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 100. NamaGreki. Bakhulekela Hera, uZeyusi, u-Aphrodite, Poseidon, noHerme, u-Athena nabanye onkulunkulu.