Ukukhiqizwa Lean namathuluzi ayo. yokukhiqiza mafutha - kungcono ...

Lean Production - inkampani isilawuli wesifunda ekhethekile. Umqondo oyinhloko yilona umzamo oqhubekayo ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo izindleko. ukukhiqizwa Lean - umqondo okusho ukuhileleka inqubo nokwenza lomsebenzi ngamunye. Leli cebo kuhloswe orientation esiphezulu maqondana umthengi. Cabanga kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini uhlelo mafutha.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa yokukhiqiza mafutha embonini ezenzeka esikhathini 1950s ku Toyota Corporation. UMdali isikimu sokulawulwa baba Tayiti Ono. A umnikelo omkhulu ukuqhubeka kokubili theory kanye umkhuba, owethulwa uzakwabo - Shigeo Shingo, ngubani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wadala indlela changeovers okusheshayo. Ngemva kwalokho, US ochwepheshe bahlola uhlelo kanye conceptualized ke ngokuthi yokukhiqiza mafutha (ukukhiqizwa mafutha) - "ukukhiqizwa mafutha". Ekuqaleni, lo mqondo kwasetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko embonini yezimoto. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, isikimu iye ingashintshwa ukuze inqubo kanye nokukhiqiza. Ngemva kwalokho amathuluzi yokukhiqiza mafutha ensimbi elisetshenziswa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ngezidingo, amasevisi, ukuhweba, ezempi, okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi wemboni kanye nezinye izimboni.

izici eziyinhloko

ibhizinisi Lean kuhilela ukuhlaziya ukubaluleka umkhiqizo, okuyinto kuveza umsebenzisi ekupheleni, esigabeni ngasinye indalo. Injongo eyinhloko yawo umqondo esivuna kumiswa lechubekako ukuqeda izindleko. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhiqizwa mafutha - kuyinto nokuqedwa noma yisiphi isenzo ngenxa okuyinto izinsiza kuqediwe, kodwa umphumela akudali noma yiliphi inani umsebenzisi sekupheleni. Ngokwesibonelo, akudingekile ukuba umkhiqizo osuphelile noma izingxenye zalo kukhona in isitokwe. Kuhlelo bendabuko, zonke izindleko ezihambisana nomshado, ukuguqulwa, isitoreji, kanye nezinye izindleko zidluliselwa umthengi. yokukhiqiza mafutha - idayagramu lapho yonke imisebenzi inkampani sehlukaniswe izinqubo kanye nemisebenzi ukuthi wengeze hhayi eseceleni nomkhiqizo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko, ngakho-ke, khulumela ukunciphisa esihleliwe yokugcina.

ukukhiqizwa Lean: ukulahlekelwa

Njengoba igama elifanayo izindleko kwezinye izimo le nkulumo isetshenziswa Muda. Lo mqondo libhekisela izindleko ezihlukahlukene, udoti, udoti, nokunye. Tayiti Ono ezikhonjwe eziyisikhombisa izinhlobo izindleko. Ukulahlekelwa akhiwa ngenxa:

• okulindele;
• ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele;
• zokuthutha;
• extra ukucutshungulwa izinyathelo;
• ukunyakaza engadingekile;
• udaba imikhiqizo onesici;
• izinqolobane ngokweqile.

Uhlobo eyinhloko ukulahlekelwa Tayiti Ono babekholelwa ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele. Kuyinto isici isishiya lonke izindleko. enye into ingezwe ku-hlu olungenhla. Dzheffri Layker, waziphatha zocwaningo Toyota, ochazwa njengentombi ukulahlekelwa abasebenzi ezinganeni ezingaba khona. Njengoba imithombo izindleko ushayele umthamo sindisa, abasebenzi emisebenzini ngamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nonuniformity kwemisebenzi ukusebenza (isib isheduli ngakanye ngenxa ekushintshashintsheni funa).

izimiso

ukukhiqizwa Lean uvezwa njengoMahluleli inqubo yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu:

1. Icacisa ukubaluleka umkhiqizo othize.
2. Ukusungulwa ukusakaza ukubaluleka komkhiqizo.
3. Ukunikeza okuqhubekayo ukugeleza ekusakazeni.
4. Nikeza ikhasimende benethuba edonsa umkhiqizo.
5. Ukuphishekela ubuhle.

Phakathi kwezinye izimiso, enikezwe ukukhiqizwa mafutha, kufanele ezigqanyisiwe:

1. Ukuphumelelisa Excellence - ukulethwa kwezimpahla kusukela isethulo yokuqala, ukusetshenziswa Amacebo "ukukhubazeka zero", ekuboneni kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga nasezigabeni zokuqala nesenzakalo yabo.
2. Ukwakheka ukuxhumana eside nomthengi sokuhlukanisa ulwazi, izindleko kanye nobungozi.
3. Ukuvumelana nezimo.

Uhlelo ukukhiqizwa elisetshenziswa Toyota, isekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: autonomism futhi "ngesikhathi esifanele". Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izakhi ezidingekile inhlangano ufike esikhumulweni emgqeni isikhathi esinembile kubalulekile, ngokuqinile esichaziwe inqubo ethize kuncishiswe inani ishede isitokwe.

Izakhi ephambili

Esikhathini kohlaka lo mqondo egqanyisiwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene - izindlela mafutha. Ezinye zazo kungenzeka ngokwayo inikeza wesifunda control. Izakhi esemqoka imi kanje:

• Ukusakaza kwezimpahla ngabanye.
• imishini ukunakekelwa ngekuhlanganyela.
• 5S uhlelo.
• Kaizen.
• shintsho Quick.
• Iphutha Prevention.

ongakhetha umkhakha

kwezempilo Lean umqondo ekunciphiseni isikhathi abasebenzi bezokwelapha, hhayi kuhlobane ngokuqondile ukusiza abantu. Logistics Lean kuyinto uhlelo silingo okuletha ndawonye bonke abahlinzeki ezihilelekile ukusakaza value. Kulesi simiso, kukhona umthamo wemvula olungaphelele amasheya amavolumu encane. Indima esasizibekele yona esemqoka yalolu wesifunda izenzo logistic ukubaluleka ekuhlanganisweni. Amathuluzi yokukhiqiza mafutha asetshenziswa eposini eDenmark. Ngaphakathi umqondo emikhulu Standardization amasevisi kwenziwa. Izinjongo umcimbi ukwanda umkhiqizo, ukusheshisa izimpahla. "Ikhadi yomugqa kumiswa amagugu" kwangena ukulawula kanye ukuhlonza amasevisi. Futhi athuthukiswe futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa kamuva esekele abasebenzi uhlelo Office. Lesi sakhiwo bakha isu ekhethekile wagxila ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle inqubo ekwakheni izakhiwo kuzo zonke izigaba. Izimiso Production Lean aguqulelwe ukuthuthukiswa software. Edolobheni, okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi futhi esebenzisa izakhi kwalesi sikhwama.

Kaizen

Umqondo ukuthi zavela ngo-1950 nguDkt Deming. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwalesi simiso ulilethele inzuzo enkulu ukuba izinkampani e-Japan. Ngenxa yalesi Uchwepheshe waklonyeliswa ngendondo imithetho yombusi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-Union of Science and Technology of Japan wayememezele umklomelo kubo. Deming izinga emphahleni.

Izinzuzo Kaizen filosifii

Izinzuzo simiso Kuhlolwe kuzo zonke emkhakheni wezimboni, lapho izimo zadalwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ukusebenza. Kaizen kubhekwa ifilosofi Japanese. Kuyinto ukukhuthaza ushintsho okuqhubekayo. Lesi sikole yokucabanga Kaizen ungibelesela ngokuthi njalo ukuguqulwa isenzo njengoba indlela kuphela ukuba bathuthuke. The main focus uhlelo kwenza ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo ususe umsebenzi ezingadingekile futhi kanzima. Yona kanye definition wadala ngokuhlanganisa amagama amabili "kai" - "ushintsho" ( "ukuguqula"), futhi "Zen" - "maqondana ngcono." Izinzuzo ohlelweni ibonisa bha impumelelo emnothweni waseJapane. Kuyaqapheleka hhayi kuphela amaJapane ngokwabo, kodwa futhi ochwepheshe emhlabeni.

Izinhloso Kaizen umqondo

Kunezindawo emihlanu esemqoka ukuthi angaphansi ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukusingathwa ukunciphisa.
2. lokuxazulula inkinga ezisheshayo.
3. ukusetshenziswa kahle.
4. Ukubambisana.
5. Izinga eliphakeme.

Kumele ukuthi iningi izimiso okusekelwe ingqondo. Izingxenye ezisemqoka ohlelweni yilezi ngcono izinga lomkhiqizo, eqhubeka efeza umsebenzi ngamunye, futhi ukuzimisela ukusabela ukushintsha. Zonke misebenzi angadingi eziyinkimbinkimbi izibalo nesayensi ucwaningo izindlela.

Ukunciphisa imfucuza

Izimiso Kaizen namafilosofi okuhloswe ngaso ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo ukulahlekelwa kulelo nalelo isinyathelo (inqubo ukusebenza). Enye yezinzuzo eyinhloko isikimu ubhekwa yokuthi sifaka wonke umsebenzi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa okwalandela iziphakamiso ukuthuthukisa kuwo wonke sikahulumeni. Lo msebenzi kuyasiza ukunciphisa isisetshenziswa ukulahlekelwa.

lokuxazulula inkinga ezisheshayo

Bonke abasebenzi ngokuhambisana nomqondo Kaizen ukumelana nezinkinga. Lokhu ukuziphatha kuyasiza ngokushesha ukubhekana nezindaba. Lapho ngokushesha umjikelezo lokuxazulula inkinga Isikhathi ukhulise. Isixazululo ngokushesha izinkinga ikuvumela ukuba aqondise esikwenzayo ohlangothini ngempumelelo.

sokusebenzisa ngokuyimpumelelo

Nge okusheshayo imithombo okuxazulula izinkinga zikhishwa. Zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa futhi sifinyelele eminye imigomo. Zizonke, lezi zinyathelo uvumele ukusungula inqubo eqhubeka umkhiqizo othe.

ukusebenzisana

Ukukhangwa izinkinga zabo bonke abasebenzi ikuvumela ukuthola ngokushesha. Impumelelo kobunzima ekunqobeni kuqinisa umoya futhi kwandisa ukuzethemba lwabasebenzi. Ukusebenzisana aqede izingxabano, Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-ubuhlobo ukwethembana phakathi komzali abasebenzi okhonzile.

nqampuna umhlabeleli

Rapid futhi ngempumelelo ukuxazulula izinkinga ikhuthaza umsebenzi ehlelekile iqembu, ukudala semali imithombo. Lokhu, kuyobe ngcono ikhwalithi imikhiqizo. Konke lokhu kuzovumela inkampani ukufinyelela ezingeni entsha kwamandla.