Ukulungiswa - izici eyisisekelo amadivayisi optical

Zonke amathuluzi okubona, kungakhathaliseki isimo kanye nenhloso yawo, qinisekani ukuthi niba munye isici ngokomzimba yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isinqumo." Le mpahla ngokomzimba kubalulekile wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, optical futhi instrumentation optoelectronic. Ngokwesibonelo, ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu-microscope akuyona kuphela ukwandisa ikhono lens yayo, kodwa futhi izinga isithombe into uphenyo isinqumo okuyinto kuncike ngokuqondile. Uma lesi sakhiwo kudivayisi akakwazi ukunikeza bezibona ehlukene ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane, isithombe kuyinto eliphansi ngisho ne nokwanda okuphawulekayo.

Amandla ukuxazulula amathuluzi okubona - value okuyinto ephawula ikhono lazo ukuhlukanisa ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu lezinto ngabanye waphawula noma kulinganiswa. Umkhawulo isixazululo ibanga okungenani phakathi izingxenye eduze (amaphuzu) into, lapho izithombe zabo ayisekho waqonda njengoba izakhi ahlukene into, ukuhlanganisa ndawonye. I ezincane le buqamama, sisikhulu esihambelana ephakeme umthamo isinqumo lisebenze.

Imininingwane isinqumo umkhawulo ukubaluleka isilinganiso ambalwa of amandla ekuxazululweni. Le sethingi ezibalulekile inquma izinga zedivayisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela amanani ayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izindawo umumo womsebenzi we amaza okukhanya, zonke izakhi isithombe lezinto ezincane ukubukeka izindawo elikhanyayo lizungezwe simiso eyindilinga ukuphazamiseka imibuthano. Lokho lesi simo sibangelwa umkhawukho wesikhathi amandla ukuxazulula zonke amathuluzi okubona.

Ngokwe-mbono physics eBrithani ngekhulu le-19, Rayleigh, isithombe izakhi ezimbili eduze encane into angasahlelwa ezikhonjwe lapho ukuqondana kwesizini yokunika umumo womsebenzi. Kodwa ngisho isinqumo esinjalo ilinganiselwe. Okunqumayo ibanga phakathi imininingwane ayetholakala lezinto. Khono ekuxazululeni lens ngokuvamile kunqunywa inombolo enkulu yemigqa eceleni waqonda kwenye milimitha isithombe. Leli qiniso liye laqiniswa empirically.

Izwi lesinqumo insimbi kuyehla ebukhoneni aberrations (ukukhanya ugongolo ukuphambuka kusuka isiqondiso predetermined) nokukhiqiza amaphutha ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo optical, okwandisa ubukhulu izindawo umumo womsebenzi. Ngakho, ezincane izindawo umumo womsebenzi, ayanda isinqumo sanoma yiluphi uhlelo optical. Lena inkomba obalulekile.

Amandla ekuxazululeni kwanoma iyiphi ithuluzi optical kukalwa at yayo izici zezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezibonisa zonke izici ukuthi zibe nomthelela izinga lesi sithombe yomculo. Lezi zici nomthelela kufanele ngokuqinisekile ngokuyinhloko kuchasiselwe wayephazamisekile futhi umumo womsebenzi - eguqa yokukhanya amagagasi nezingqinamba, ngenxa yalokho, sokuphambuka kwabo kusukela eqondile. Ukuze sithole isixazululo amadivayisi ahlukahlukene optical wasebenzisa ukuhlolwa ipuleti ekhethekile esobala noma opaque kanye nephethini ejwayelekile ngokuthi imihlaba.