Ukuphila isevisi evamile kwezindlu prefabricated

Isakhiwo iphaneli elinezitezi ezinhlanu izakhiwo ezweni lethu waqala cishe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule. Indlu yokuqala enjalo eSoviet Union elalizokwakhiwa e-1948 kwi-5th Street Mount Falcon eMoscow. Kwakuyisikhathi ukwakha ngohlaka-iphaneli sinezitezi ezine.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko isikhathi ukuthi kwakudingeka ukunquma kobuholi lizwe, kwaba ukudala aphansi ukuthuthukiswa izindleko phrojekthi. izindlu Kudingeka lapho abantu bangaphila emikhayeni, kunokusebenza kuzo kamasipala.

"Khrushchev" ezinsukwini zethu

Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka abaningi ezindlini e iphaneli izindlu zonke efanayo naleyo esiyihlanganisa ne cheapness nokutholakala. Lokhu okwamanje zezindlu ethandwa. I abahlaziyi ingcebo market shayela sezizathu ezinkulu ukuthi amafulethi enjalo iqhubeka ithengiswe: ijubane okusheshayo ukwakhiwa, amanani aphansi kanye nqampuna umhlabeleli ezinye zakamuva isizukulwane panel kuqhathaniswa ngaphambilini kudedelwa.

Noma kunjalo, namuhla emakethe eyinhloko izindlu prefabricated hlala akukho kuka 5%. Iqiniso lokuthi iningi izinguqulo walo wanamuhla ithengiswe emakethe futhi lezo kuhlelwa kuphela khona ubuchwepheshe Monolithic. Manje kakade athuthukile emikhulukazi Umnotho, emelela yonke izakhiwo zokuhlala.

Uma sicabanga kuphela emakethe yesibili, khona-ke, isibonelo, eMoscow, cishe angu 45% lalimelela "isokhethi", lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane ahlukene. On the endala kwezindlu prefabricated akhawunti kuphela amaphesenti ambalwa umthamo isamba iziphakamiso. Futhi isidingo futhi ongaphakeme. Ukuthengwa kwezindlu ezinjalo - ikakhulukazi salabo abangenayo imali eyanele yokuthenga noma yini kangcono.

Kungani eshibhile

Kuchazwa kanjani-ke ukufinyeleleka kwezomnotho zezakhiwo panel prefabricated? Into wukuthi umthwalo oyinhloko ukukhiqizwa idluliswe ekwakhiweni isakhiwo endaweni zalesi sihlahla isitshalo ukhonkolo, okuyinto ngokushesha kunciphisa tindleko. Ngaphezu izici kwezomnotho ezithinta isimo sezulu, ngoba imikhiqizo ezitolo izakhi ukhonkolo ngaphandle kokubheka isimo sezulu izimo lula kakhulu, kanye nokulawula izinga kuba lula kakhulu kule mboni.

Sonke uthando ukulondoloza, kodwa ukuthi ungoqo okhokhela kabili, ukhohlwe azinakho zinkulu. Lo mthetho futhi kusebenza ukwakhiwa panel. Kukhona Ezimweni eziningi lapho ngemva ema- indlu entsha izinkinga ejwayelekile uqale nje kweminyaka embalwa.

Kwamaphutha kungaba isukela ezincane ibe yinto engathi sina. Kwezinye amafulethi ebhidlikayo odongeni tile, abanye ukubonisa ngokusebenzisa le ezivuzayo bulkhead. Siyini isizathu salokhu kusobala ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi? Ngemva ekwakheni nge ncazelo kumele yenzelwe sempilo okukhulu.

Yini kuthinta ukuphila kwezindlu prefabricated?

Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona umqondo ukuncipha, futhi iphaneli iyisonto inqubo, ngeshwa, oluphakeme engalingani. Elinye iphuzu obukhulu yendlu - kuyinto ezivuzayo yayo. Ngu amazinga ukwakhiwa European, base amalunga omzimba zenziwa insimbi engagqwali, njengoba neyaziwayo esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhlala phakade futhi lithembekile izakhiwo. Kodwa leso sinqumo abiza unjiniyela ibiza kakhulu, futhi izindlu lishe laba ngumlotha ne ulahlekelwe main trump ikhadi - eziphansi.

It is ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezweni lethu, lobu buchwepheshe uye ayitholakalanga uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. ERussia, ikhava okuhlangana anticorrosion uveza, okuyinto Yiqiniso, akuqinisekisi udaba ngokuthembeka.

nezinye nebubi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sonke siyazi ukuthi ukusebenza ezishisayo kwezindlu prefabricated ayiyinhle. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho iqhathaniswa nezinkulungwane izakhiwo Monolithic kanye isitini. Ukushisa kwaleli "enethiwekhi" umane eshiya. Esimeni semakhaya Ubusika sina Russian amalahle efulethini endlini olunjalo luya luba inkinga engathí sina.

Enye enkingeni zakudala ngamunye isakhiwo esinjalo - ngokhakhayi. Lofts e iphaneli isakhiwo ezinhlanu storey kukhona ngokuvamile akukho, futhi ngokuvamile ophahleni kukhonjelwe ukuvuza. Ngisho noma bengasabeli gable, ngeke ukuxazulula le nkinga, kusukela ezivuzayo bulkhead ngokushesha ulahlekelwe yobunzima yabo. Ingxenye Onjiniyela yakhetha sealants yesimanje, kodwa inani isivikelo esinjalo liphansi kakhulu, futhi lokhu kuhilela izindleko ezengeziwe.

Mayelana bafake zokuziphatha

Iqiniso lokuthi ukuphila izindlu prefabricated kwesikhathi ekuseni (ngokuthi abantu "Xruschevka") zenzeka ngokoqobo, futhi bade kusukela akusebenzi ngokuya zokuziphatha, it akuyona imfihlo. amancane ngosayizi emakhishini wayo, izindlu zangasese kanye nezindlu zangasese, Uphahla lwangaphakathi ongaphakeme, futhi sindize zenqaba Chutes babe eside ukhathele kokubona. abathengi anamuhla imali isikhundla ucishe efanele imali, uncamela akhokhe eqolo kancane kuka imali izindleko ukuthenga izindlu yekhwalithi ephansi.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni ukuthi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, esakhelwe phezulu, "Khrushchev," lisetshenziswa inefficiently kakhulu. Lezi zakhiwo kungukuthi ehlotshiswe namathafa ezisemadolobheni kanye Izinsiza zomphakathi izinombolo eliphezulu nokushisa. Sekufanele awushiye we ukubhidliza izakhiwo kanye nokwakhiwa esihlalweni izakhiwo ezintsha zanamuhla aye eside akangabazi eyodwa.

Yini impilo kwezindlu prefabricated engu-80?

ukuphila Service - lena umbandela okuyinto eyenza ukuhlolwa zezimali ekhaya umnqopho esiphezulu. Ake sizame ukuhlola "panel" yethu kulokhu umbono. Uma sicabangela mncane-ngodonga lokuqala "Khrushchev," ukuze ukuphila izindlu prefabricated engu-80 - iminyaka engaba ngu-50. Kuyacaca ukuthi imigomo engokomoya nengokwenyama izindlu ezinjalo kudala isiphelile uqobo.

Esinye isigaba amakhaya - panel kanye emabhulokini amafulethi. Lena kancane ngaphezulu inketho 'eziphambili ". Umuzi ngamunye has 9-16 phansi. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-range zabo kusuka 1965 kuya ku-1980. Impilo inkonzo isakhiwo 9 storey iminyaka 100.

enye Angaba kanjani

Ochwepheshe bathi ukuphila kwezindlu yesimanje prefabricated uchungechunge ezahlukene imayelana okufanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa ayesebenzisa ezindinganisweni ezifanayo futhi alandele imithetho yokwakha.

Ngokulinganiswa izindlu ezintsha iphaneli sesimemezele isikhathi yokusebenza waqhubeka isikhathi esijana. Impilo inkonzo izakhiwo iphaneli efulethini ngokuvamile yakhelwe isikhathi kusuka eminyakeni 50 kuya 70. Uchungechunge ahlukene (isib R 44) isikhathi asebenzayo eyabelwe eyikhulu. Kukhona okuningi C 220, okuyinto iyisonto isakhiwo panel ababuthelwa, kodwa indaba of the izindonga ngaphandle - akhiwe. Ukubukeka isakhiwo ufana dwala ngezitini. inkonzo nokuphila Standard kwezindlu prefabricated salolu chungechunge ephawulwe ngaphakathi kweminyaka engu-150. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le okufana emakethe yezindlu akuyona ovamile kakhulu.

Kanjani siwubonise

Ngokusho iphrojekthi ekusebenzeni elalisanda kwakhiwa izindlu prefabricated wabeka isikhathi lohleliwe phakathi overhauls saziso, futhi kuba abaneminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-25. Eqinisweni, izindleko wangempela isakhiwo ngaphandle kulungiswe enkulu iminyaka 10-15 ezingaphezu kuka kuhlelwe. Ngokwazi ukuphila iphaneli House zingandiswa? Savele safunda kwezethu iningi umbono wezazi uthi nomqondo kuyinsakavukela lapha okunemibandela kakhulu, futhi wandise ikhono kwawo ukulungisa kanye nenhlonipho. Yiqiniso, sikhuluma mayelana nokulungiswa isakhiwo, hhayi efulethini elilodwa. Kulo mBhalo, namthelela sina isimo obschedomovoe sehlo akusho isebenze.

Ngakho, ngokusho kongoti, iphaneli ukusebenza izindlu main into - isikhathi lokufeza ukulungiswa ezinkulu eduze nokuqapha umsebenzi nokugcinwa zonke izinto zokuxhumana nabantu. Kukhona imithetho ephathelene isibalo sabantu bavunyelwe ukuba baphile on endaweni kwe-footage ethile. Esakhuluma ngayo le ndaba engokoqobo Russian, lezi zilinganiso ezephulwayo amashumi eminyaka, ngaleyo ndlela yanda Ukuwohloka izakhiwo kakhulu.

Izimpawu elingaphansi kwesakhiwo eziphuthumayo

Ngisho nokubonakala kwalokhu indlu iphaneli kungase kubonise isidingo ukulungisa. Lena ngobuciko ukukutshela imifantu eminingi hhayi nje ezivuzayo nezimagqabhagqabha phakathi panel. Uma uya ngaphakathi endlini, izindonga eziswakeme nangesikhutha nephunga, kanye nezokuxhumana agugile isithombe ngobuciko ephelele.

Kuvele inkinga eyengeziwe ngoba abalungisi bethempeli wukuthi, ngokuvumelana tesakhiwo ukulungiswa okunjalo akuzona njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye project ihlanganisa ukufakwa amabhethri kanye ngaphakathi kwezindonga amapayipi ngqo. Gqoka ukuxhumana okufanayo idatha ngokushesha kunokuba lokho kuqeda ukuphila kwezindlu prefabricated.

Izindleko ezindlini elilungisiwe emakethe ingcebo kungenziwa lenyuka cishe 15%, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulu ukumtshengisa izakhiwo, okuyinto abangu ngaphansi ukulungisa oluphelele. Lo mqondo eqala imisebenzi ku ukufudumala base olungaphambili lwesonto, uphahla, ukulungisa ezitebhisini kanye elisophahleni (uma ikhona), elicwebezelayo we balcony, futhi esikhundleni ipayipi ikheshi imishini futhi umkhakha igesi, kanye dolobha procleaning mapayipi.

izinombolo esiphezulu

inqubo ukulungisa oluphelele uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ekhaya futhi kakhulu ukudlulisa isikhathi emsebenzini wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa izinguquko ukubukeka isakhiwo is kakhulu ngcono, okuyinto ngokushesha kuphakamisa amanani alo e-secondary ingcebo market.

Uyini eside yesevisi kwezindlu prefabricated bungabalwa kuya esiphezulu? Ngokwe-izinkambiso, ukwakhiwa ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu ingase eziqhutshwa kuze kube iminyaka engu-125, kodwa ngo bawuhloniphe nezimiso ezithile, okungukuthi, okungenani kanye eminyakeni ukulungiswa ezinkulu 25 ukuze kwenziwe, wamanje - kweminyaka eyisikhombisa njalo. Ekusebenteni, ukuthola konke okwakufunwa yiziphathimandla yale misebenzi - umsebenzi cishe kungenakwenzeka. Izinhlelo ezivimbayo futhi isimo lobuchwepheshe, isakhiwo ngasinye engakathenjiswa umshado kwelinye. Ukulungiswa kungenziwa kuphela emva izikhalazo eziningi ngezizathu eziningana ezingathi sína.

On kabusha izindlu ezindala

Enhloko-dolobha, isikhathi isungule uhlelo Izindawo zezakhiwo ezindala futhi ezinhlanu storey. Eyokuqala kulindeleke ukuba axazulule le endala esinezitezi ezinhlanu iphaneli, ogama sesevisi eside abaselona usizo walo. Bobabili eMoscow ezindaweni ngezikhathi kwakukhona imizamo yokwakha umuntu "Khrushchev". Ngeshwa, le umkhuba kungashiwo ke eliye laphutha.

Kwakumelwe uzame leyo ndlu uchungechunge ezithile superstructure wadalula nokwakhiwa izigaba ezengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaphethwa ngokuthi iphrojekthi uneconomical. Ngemva inombolo enkulu samaphansi yakhiwe - elilodwa noma amabili, hhayi ngaphezulu. Inqubo Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezengeziwe ophahleni okubangelwa imibhikisho eyingqabavu abahlali. Demand phakathi abathengi ezindlini ezifana nazo ayisetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukubuyeka inzuzo engaphezulu ukubhidlizwa kwezindlu ezindala, kulandele ukwakhiwa endaweni entsha.

Kwalona ukufakwa ngamakheshi noma esikhundleni ephelele ukuxhumana noma ukuvuselelwa impilo yonke wokwakha iminyaka engu-70 prefabricated izindlu ngeke ukuvuselela futhi funa ezimakethe izindlu ngeke wengeze Khrushchev. Phela, izinga panel, kanye original layout zokuhlala, akunakwenzeka ukuba ashintshe. Isiphetho - izindlu ukhululekile "Khrushchev" ngeke nanini.

Kanjani kubukeka

Njengoba kungaba azimisele nomaphi isimo pre-eziphuthumayo kwephaneli House? Ezimweni ezinjalo, iso njalo ngaphandle kokuthi ulahlwe ngaphandle izindonga aqhephukile futhi ephukile ukunwetshwa amalunga omzimba. umbono uchwepheshe futhi kweso ukubala izimfa isisekelo, okuyinto iyingozi kakhulu. Corrosion ukuqinisa kuholela ekubhujisweni amapuleti, okuyinto okusongelayo ngokuwa sonke isakhiwo. ukuxhumana Old avuse engalingani ukungcola imali, okuyinto kwandzisa inkinga futhi sifushanise ukuphila kwezindlu prefabricated. Inqawe namanethiwekhi kagesi kule mikhaya kakhulu ogcwele kakhulu futhi kabi ezigugile. Futhi umbuzo bayaxoshwa, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa induduzo isithunzi eziphilayo. Kusengozini kuyinto into ebaluleke kakhulu - kuphephiswe izimpilo zabantu.