HomelinessUkwakhiwa

I kahle ejulile kuyinto into yesikhathi esidlule sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu ezintathu

Yini yamba namuhla? I abaseduze futhi ajwayelekile kakhulu isibonelo: ukuhlinzeka amanzi. Ngokuvamile, emanzini angajulile ezifana kahle, futhi-ke akabange esaba ukwandisa ngokushesha nje lapho yamanzi kufinyelelwe. Esinye isibonelo, okuyinto ezindebeni wonke umuntu: the kahle hydrocarbon isizinda, kuyingxenye ebalulekile, uwoyela negesi. Iqiniso lokuthi kungenzeka sokuprakthiza ungqimba lomhlaba amakhilomitha amaningi ngenxa yesayensi, hhayi ka "igolide black", cishe ungakhumbuli.

engaphezu kwamashumi amane sele idlulile solo ngalolo suku, kokubili i-Peninsula Kola, eduze nedolobha Polar ku Murmansk esifundeni, lenziwe emgodini ejulile emlandweni imishini. Yasungulelwa elithi "ubumsulwa" isayensi - kwakufanele aphenye lithosphere endaweni lapho ngesikhathi ukujula okukhulu, ososayensi kufanele uthole ulwazi oluningi ezithakazelisayo. Ubudala yamadwala ifundelwe njengoba elilinganisiwe sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu ezintathu ubudala - ngesikhathi Umhlaba ngisesemncani khulu.
Iminyaka yokuqala imishini akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela imisebenzi elivamile Ukuhlolwa, uwoyela negesi. Ngisho imishini esetshenziswa uchungechunge ajwayelekile. ayizinkulungwane 2 amamitha ngezansi string sokuprakthiza waqala ukuqedela amashubhu, ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ama- aluminiyamu - amakhilomitha amaningi amakholomu steel nje ngeke ukusekela isisindo ayo. Umkhawulo ufinyelelwe drillstring isisindo - angaba ngu-200.

Ngaphambi kokufinyelela 7-ikhilomitha uphawu, Kola ultradeep ekuqaleni ukwethula iphazili wangempela ososayensi. Boer yamba eyodwa kuphela egwadle density ezahlukene, okungasekelwe ezishukumisa esikhundleni basalt. Ngezinye amakhilomitha anamakhulu mahlanu ukujula sathola idiphozithi yanoma zethusi emkhandweni wensimbi. Ngemva okwengeziwe 1.5 amakhilomitha ephakanyiswe idwala isampula Ukwakheka sifana kakhulu isampuli umhlabathi iziteshi Soviet kusukela enyangeni. Temperature wakhula kakhulu ngokushesha kunokuba ku izibalo theory. A ezitholakele isampula kusuka ka 6.7 km zamathambo organic ukujula kwenza ososayensi embuzweni izinkathi ngaphambili lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Lapho ufika a ka 7000 amamitha ukujula, emthonjeni ejulile yafuna kanye amasu esimanje kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi imishini kakhulu saba sibi kakhulu ngenxa ukudlula idwala egqinsiwe ngamandla kancane. Drilling umjikelezo usuku lonke, okuyiqembu imishini langempela - amahora 4 kuphela lonke isikhathi kukhona ukwanda kancane string sokuprakthiza ukuba esikhundleni engasebenziseki lezi amawashi kancane sokuprakthiza. Uma wedges aqhephukile downhole idwala wazalela uma uzama ukuthi siphakamise amakhefu ikholomu. Kwakudingeka waqinisa bese uqhubeke imishini ithuluzi ukuphambuka, ngokuvumelana igatsha elisha ngemali ephansi.

Kusukela ngo-1979, ngesikhathi Kola ultradeep lalibukeka isimo ezisemthethweni "nomthombo ejulile emhlabeni." Ngo-1983, drillers ngikhiphile umugqa 12-ikhilomitha. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngenxa zokugwema ukuphuka kwekholomu kwadingeka ukuba siqale futhi 7 amakhilomitha. Ngo-1990, i-Guinness World Records eqoshiwe irekhodi lokuzuziwe legatsha elisha. Wema ngasemnyango 12.262 amamitha. Ikholomu zokugwema ukuphuka kuqala bese uqede kuphrojekthi.

Silindele entsha, ubuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu, kuthiwa akaphindanga wabonakala. Uphelelwa uxhaso. Isimo wayengenandaba ukuqhubeka "Journey Centre Zomhlaba". Ngo-2008, imbobo ejulile ilahlekile adiliza ngamathuluzi akhe. Manje ishiywa nezakhiwo zayo kancane ubhujiswe. Ochwepheshe bathi ungakwazi ukubuyisela Kola super-ezijulile, thina nje ukuba ithole indawo amashumi ezigidi ruble ...

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