Ukwahlukanisa futhi isinyathelo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu

Lesi sifo kuthiwa yi "umbulali othule" ngoba buthule kuholela nemiphumela awushintsheki nomzimba womuntu. "Kwegazi" - nkulumo ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa eYurophu nase-US. ISoviet Union yakuqala igama evame kakhulu yokusebenzisa "umfutho wegazi ophakeme." Eqinisweni, imiqondo le ifana, njengoba ngesiGreki ukhombise into efanayo: overvoltage.

Umfutho ophakeme wegazi: inkinga

Nokugula umbukiso ukumelana eshintsha wegazi phezulu. Kukhona iyehla iyenyuka, kusukela izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• systolic: 140 mm HG. Article.
• diastolic: 90 mmHg. Art.

Lesi sifo ezingemnandi ikakhulu kuthinta lande. Futhi ngesikhathi isencane amadoda uhlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu njalo. Izibalo wonke planethi esidumazayo: ngemiphumela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ehlupheka 20% lwesintu. Izizathu ivela khona zihlukile, kodwa waphawula ukuthi ngokuvamile lesi sifo ihlala kuncike abantu ngokomzwelo. Abanye ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme "isifo imizwa ezifihlekile." Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimangalo esingashiwongo, izikhalo noma izicelo buthelela, ukuvula ekugcineni ku ezinzima isifo esingelapheki.

Kukhona umehluko kubalulekile (primary) nomfutho wegazi ophezulu lesibili noma lingaze. Primary eba ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• yobudala: abesifazane uqale embundwini legciwane zaba amadoda 65 - iminyaka engu-55;
• ukuluthwa i-nicotine,
• sindisa ngokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukumezeka ngokwengqondo;
• ukungawuvivinyi umzimba;
• ukhuluphele;
• sikashukela.

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu okunezimpawu livela ngesisekelo izifo ekhona kakade njenge:

• ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni endocrine;
• ukuhluleka sina zenhliziyo;
• ukungasebenzi uhlelo urinary;
• ukhulelwe;
• ukuluthwa utshwala;
• ekuxhashazweni kwemithi.

Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo kubonakala ngamandla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho obuzwiwa iziguli izigaba ngasekupheleni yentuthuko isifo. Njengakho konke okunye kwezokwelapha, inkinga ehlukile futhi kudinga kwenziwe ucwaningo olunzulu.

Ngakho nomfutho wegazi ophezulu: esigabeni kanye nezinga lobungozi ukuthi uthathe ukunqanda lesi sifo - kulezi zihloko kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni. Uzothola kuwo ukwaziswa okugcwele mayelana nalolu daba.

Umfutho ophakeme wegazi: esiteji namabanga

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi esiteji umqondo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nobungako sifo. Stage - incazelo izimpawu futhi umonakalo owenziwe izitho phakathi kwalesi sifo. Iziqu - idatha wegazi, okuvumela ukuba uhlukanise sifo. Ukuze ukwelashwa ngempumelelo yisiphi isifo kufanele unqume ukuthi iyini imbangela yako, ngakho kulo mbiko kumele ukhombise amaqembu amaningana eyinhloko pathologies okubangela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu:

1. Yamaphaphu. Lolu hlobo ekuthuthukiseni nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngenxa ukuphazamiseka imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, okuholela enciphile ukugeleza kwegazi. Lesi simo kunomthelela omubi umsebenzi inhliziyo. Lena zokugula ezingavamile futhi iyingozi kakhulu esibangela senhliziyo futhi jikelele ukukhathala.
2. Ebulalayo. Lolu hlobo isifo libhekene ingcindezi enkulu kuze kube imikhawulo 220 (elingenhla) kanye 130 (ngezansi) mm HG. st., okuyinto luhambisana nomthwalo yalolu shintsho olukhulu le fundus futhi thrombosis emithambo yegazi. Imbangela oyinhloko ekuguquleni evamile ibe nomfutho wegazi ophezulu abulalayo akakabi ecacile.
3. Renovascular, noma renovascular. Lolu hlobo elihlobene ne kwezinso ku izinso, okungukuthi, efanele e igazi eligciniwe isitho. Ngokuvamile, lokho kwephula kunqunywa overvalued sibalo diastolic. Iningi nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yesibili kwenzeka ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
4. Labile. Njengoba kuvamisile episodic ukuntengantenga ingcindezi akusona isifo, kodwa kungenzeka isungula ibe nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kweqiniso ukhona.

Izimpawu kuphazamiseka abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme kungaba bekhanda, ukuba ndikindiki, isiyezi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukungabi oluphelele izimpawu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho iziguli nge umfutho wegazi ophakeme emithanjeni esiteji 1.

Ukuqala Kwenkathi sifo: idigri yokuqala

Thola lesi sifo can njalo kuphela blood pressure nesilinganiso. Futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe isimo esizolile nezikhathi akukho esingaphansi ezintathu phakathi nenkathi ethile. Kuphela kulesi simo kungenzeka ukuba yahlulele khona noma ukungabi khona ezifana nezifo ezivamile njengoba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Isiteji namabanga zezifo, njengoba sekushiwo, bahluke, yize abanye odokotela ukudida imiqondo le. Izinga lokuqala ngokuvamile utholakala ngengozi, ezifana ukuhlolwa lohleliwe. umfutho wegazi ububanzi kulesi sigaba kuyinto:

• systolic (engenhla): 140-160 mm HG. Article.
• diastolic (ngezansi) ka 90-100 mm HG. Art.

Lokhu omnene, ngokuvamile ngokuphelelwa umoya uzwakalise ngokuya izimpawu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akukho nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kuphela degree elilodwa (1 isinyathelo). ingcindezi Sibekezele kabani amplitude oluhambisana 1 degree, kungase ahlupheke, isibonelo, nesigaba lesi sifo yesibili. Konke kuncike izinga lomonakalo isitho kanye isimo ngabanye emzimbeni.

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu Lokulingene

Izinga isilinganiso nomfutho wegazi ophezulu sivezwe kula ingcindezi izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• phezulu: 160-180 mm HG. Article.
• ngezansi: 100-110 mm HG. Art.

Kunezikhathi lapho likhuluma ngokwanda kwabantu abathola ingcindezi kwenzeka ngendlela ethile, kuba impela engalingani. Ngokwesibonelo, amazinga ngenhla bayavuswa ukusebenza kuphela diastolic. Noma zikhona izimo senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya kuphela ezimweni ezithile, isibonelo, edilini ngesikhathi udokotela. Ekhaya, nemingcele ukubuyela esimweni esivamile. Lokhu kwenzeka iziguli ukuba engazinzile noma labile uhlobo isimiso sezinzwa.

Nalapha futhi, kuye ngokuthi isimo lesiguli kuyinto nomfutho wegazi ophezulu we 2-degree (2 izinyathelo), kodwa zenzakalo ezinjalo azenzeki njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ingcindezi amagugu zivumelana amplitude amandla, futhi izimpawu ayigcini bekhanda (isifo 2-esiteji). Kunalokho, ikhula ngesivinini umbani, kuphumele sina ukungasebenzi inhliziyo, izinso kanye nobuchopho sokwehluleka uhlelo.

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu Inzima ingcindezi imiqulu

Izinga zokugcina nomfutho wegazi ophezulu libhekene overestimation engathandeki kakhulu wegazi:

• systolic: 180 mm HG. Article.
• diastolic, kusukela 110 mm HG. Art.

Kunezimo lapho amanani evamile kudlulwe ingcindezi systolic kuphela. ukwephulwa anjalo ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezigulini esezikhulile. Kwegazi yalolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuthi ukwanda ingcindezi degree 4th, zona ngokwazo ayilungile.

nomfutho wegazi ophezulu esiteji: kuqala

Lapho ehlaziya isinyathelo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, wokuqala babo - elula futhi imperceptible esigulini. Kodwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwaba khona izinkinga ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ngabe nomfutho wegazi ophezulu namanje ongabalulekile lowo, lokhu akusona isizathu uyizibe. Izimpawu njengalezo esigabeni sokuqala nomfutho wegazi ophezulu is hhayi waphawula, ngaphezu Yiqiniso, kancane okungajwayelekile nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kodwa ukuthambekela ukushintsha lezi izinkomba ezibalulekile okufanele abatshele futhi kusishukumisele esenzweni. Uma kukhona esigabeni 1 umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isiguli kwesinye ekhononda ukulala ompofu, ikhanda episodic noma umongozima. Ukwelashwa kuleli cala bangase kungagcini kuhambisana Ukudla, kuncishiswe inani usawoti, futhi nokwenza onkhe.

Kwegazi esiteji 2: izimpawu ukwandisa

Uma lesi sifo ngasizathu simbe singelashwa ngendlela efanele usaqala, bese kufika esigabeni sobudala, elinesimo Yiqiniso kuyinkimbinkimbi. Izimpawu ukwandisa kuze kube sezingeni lokuba ukuthi akunakugwenywa. Ukuphathwa yikhanda obukhulu, njalo futhi isikhathi eside, umongozima babe njalo, ukhathazekile ubuhlungu enhliziyweni? izimpawu ezinjalo zivame libhekene nomfutho wegazi ophezulu grade 2, 2 izinyathelo. Ukuze kulesetayelekile futhi ulungise ngezimo zesiguli uphoqelekile ukuba afune usizo udokotela. Kwenzeka ukuthi imithelela umfutho ophakeme, okuyinto kuyakhathaza umzimba isikhathi eside impela, kuholela okubonakala nomfutho wegazi ophezulu isinyathelo 2, 3 degrees. Futhi lesi simo ungakha usongo ngqo impilo isiguli. Yiqiniso, zonke udokotela enquma kufanele ngokuqinile kwenziwe ukuze ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele lapho ekugcineni sitholakele "umfutho wegazi ophakeme esiteji 2". Ubungozi esigabeni sesithathu esimweni sokunganakwa amasu ukwelashwa likhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle imithi ethatha ayimpoqo, udinga uyeke utshwala, i-nicotine, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco cishe ngokususwa usawoti.

isigaba Okwesithathu: Izitho zithinteka

Kwegazi libhekene ezintathu izigaba kobukhulu yezinkinga okuyinto kuphakama emiphumeleni elimazayo umfutho ophakeme emngceleni on zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo. Ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinjalo, njengoba ehlushwa ihliziyo, iziso, amehlo kanye nobuchopho. Ngempatho asanele noma okungafanele kungaholela nemiphumela enqala e unhlangothi, encephalopathies, esivimba amanzi, kwezinso, futhi inhliziyo ukwehluleka, arrhythmias, iso engelapheki izilonda semithambo. nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kungelashwa 3 izigaba (ingozi esiteji 4 bese kwandisa ngokucijile) esabisa sikhule ezindaweni ezingazodwa systolic nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Subjectively, iziguli ukuzwa ukukhohlwa, umsebenzi kahle ngokwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa njalo ukwazi.

ukuxilongwa okufanele

Uma kuziwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yesibili, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kubangelwa yini, oholele kulo. Ngenxa yalesi oyisibopho isethi eziyisisekelo ukuhlolwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (impoqo hematocrit ukuzimisela);
• urinalysis (enwetshiwe);
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukunquma ushukela amazinga cholesterol;
• ukutadishwa wegazi serum;
• electrocardiogram.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izindlela ezengeziwe ukuze kutholwe isifo umehluko ukuthi udokotela imithi njengoba kudingeka. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo ukuthi thembeke eqoqwe umlando. nomfutho wegazi ophezulu Secondary ngokuvamile iqala ngokuzumayo, madolonzima aphathe, hhayi ngofuzo. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo waphawula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. nomfutho wegazi ophezulu sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile livela ngenyanga 5th yokukhulelwa nangemuva kokuzalwa iphele. Kodwa kwalab 'omama abakhungathekile zibhaliswe ukuze ulungise ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa bokubeletha. Abesifazane kanye kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane afakiwe eqenjini ku okuvela okungenzeka preeclampsia.

Iziguli ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ingozi, kuye siphela kunzima kangakanani nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Izinga esiteji - ingozi yezinkinga luncike lezi zici. Kunemikhakha emine, okuyinto delimited ngesisekelo ematfuba nolokubhujiswa izibilini esikhathini esizayo:

• engaphansi kuka-15%;
• u-20%;
• kusuka 20 kuya 30%;
• ezingaphezu kuka-30%.

A Izibikezelo kubi iziguli ukuthi nginesifo grade 3, isigaba 2-3 nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Lezi ziguli basonta ingozi 3rd noma 4th futhi abadinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha of the complex.

Yini engabangela ukuba crisis abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme?

Lokhu kusongela ingozi yezinkinga in iziguli khona nomfutho wegazi ophezulu izigaba 2-3. Lesi simo libhekene kuzuba abukhali wegazi kumanani ulele kakhulu. A inqubo efanayo kuyinto nomphumela olimazayo inhliziyo kanye nobuchopho kwegazi. Inkinga unesifo sikashukela - isimo esisongela ukuphila okudinga ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isiguli kudingeke ukuthi baphuthunyiswe esibhedlela.

Lokhu inkinga ingase avuse lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• izimo zezulu ezingezinhle;
• ulusizi ngokomzwelo;
• sindisa ngokomzimba;
• pre-eclampsia;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwelashwa;
• ukuhlukunyezwa-nicotine noma ngokusebenzisa kabi utshwala,
• engayitholi kwesikhathi kwezidakamizwa kubalulekile;
• ezithile izimila;
• ikhanda ukuhlukumezeka;
• engayitholi ukungadli uketshezi nosawoti.

Elingafaki lezi zici, ungehlisa ubungozi isimo esiyingozi.

Izimpawu main kwalesi sifo yilezi:

• ikhanda okungazelelwe;
• isicanucanu;
• angaboni kahle;
• ukuhlanza;
• fuzziness futhi ukudideka;
• ngopha ingaphakathi acinene;
• iphika;
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba,
• Ukudlikizela;
• ekuqulekeni.

Iningi leziguli ngenxa crisis abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme yaphazanyiswa okungenani eyodwa target isitho. Ikota zonke iziguli wadalula ukunqoba izindikimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.

Kumelwe ukusiza isiguli phambi ukufika eziphuthumayo ukuthutha. Kuyadingeka ukubeka indoda ukuba amnike sine nemithi ukuthi sivame ebukhoneni nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ezingamahlalakhona.

Izinyathelo kanye amaqhinga zokwelapha

Esimeni ngezinga lokuqala futhi esigabeni esifanayo isifo nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ungahle ubuyiselwe emuva, uma isikhathi ukusizakala ukunakekelwa ezifanele, ngesikhathi ukulungisa ukudla futhi yokuphila. Kusukela ngo-yesibili degree sifo aselapheki futhi ezingalapheki. Kodwa lo mkhuba lesi sifo ukuthi, nazo zonke izingozi zayo kanye nobunzima ke ayiphethe. Uma ulungise ukudla ukuze bagcine umbuso kosuku, ukulawula ingcindezi njalo, kungenzeka kute simo sibuyele kulesetayelekile futhi ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele.

Ukudla isipiliyoni zempilo ezifana, kuyinto ukuwakhipha kusuka ekudleni mikhiqizo:

• zonke izinhlobo amafutha, kuhlanganise ngewundlu;
• okunamafutha inyama;
• umhluzi ecebile;
• ukhokho, itiye, ikhofi;
• Ungadla elungisiwe, ukhukhamba;
• offal;
• baking;
• ukhilimu amakhekhe;
• imikhiqizo ushokoledi.

Uma isiguli Onqobayo ukukhuluphala, ongathuthukisa ingabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kungcono udle izingxenye wamaqhuzu, ngokulinganisela ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwayo ikhalori. Ukuvinjelwa okunjalo kuyoletha umzimba uketshezi ngokweqile kanye isiguli cishe ngeke amkhulule kusukela cholesterol okweqile.

Ukwelashwa degree kokuqala nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kuyehla kube non-izidakamizwa izenzakalo: umsebenzi yokwelapha, Ukudla, bazilahla imikhuba emibi, isisindo ukuzinza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo nokulinganisela ezinzima nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, linqume inhlanganisela izidakamizwa yokwelapha esekelwe beta-blocker, isisu, inhibitor. Kunoma ikuphi, indlela afanele ukuphathwa ayoyikhetha udokotela.