Ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane borreliosis. I izimpawu nokwelashwa isifo saseLyme noma isifo saseLyme

Abanye abantu ubheke lokhu mkhuba njengoba bite umkhaza, ngempela nonchalantly. Kodwa uma ukuqonda kancane ku isihloko ingozi yokutheleleka kusukela lezi Ukulunywa, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi kukhona okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. I ngenxa uhambahamba emizileni ehlathini kungaba isifo okuthiwa isifo saseLyme. Ngo izingane kanye nabantu abadala, umuntu angaba izimpawu eziyingozi ngokulinganayo, okuyinto ngisho bungaholela ekukhubazekeni, ngaphandle ukwelashwa okufanelekile.

Yini okufanele kuqondwe ezithwalwa isifo saseLyme?

SaseLyme borreliosis, obizwa nangokuthi isifo saseLyme noma saseLyme borreliosis yisifo esithathelanayo. It is adluliselwa nge bite ka Ixodes umkhaza. Ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo kuholela kokunqotshwa izitho ezihlukahlukene futhi izinhlelo. Lokhu kungaba inhliziyo, isimiso sezinzwa, isikhumba kanye namalunga. Igama lalesi ebalulekile ukutheleleka yemvelo ezingamahlalakhona wacosha kusukela lwegciwane lesi sifo - Borrelia umzimba. Lokhu uphethwe lamiswa ngo-1975 ngu abakhileyo edolobheni saseLyme e-US.

Uma ngesikhathi esifanele ukubona izimpawu borreliosis futhi uqale ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane, amathuba okuthi zokutakula unproblematic ziphezulu ngokwanele. Uma ukuhlola ukubona isifo saseLyme ngesikhathi esizayo bese ukwelashwa futhi bengafundile, isifo saseLyme kungaba kwenziwe ukuhambisa e ezingamahlalakhona Ezingalapheki. Ngakho-ke akufanele Trifle nge bite umkhaza.

izimbangela

Ngomnikelo omncane (okungukuthi borreliosis ithelela isinambuzane) kuyinto othwala izinhlobo ezintathu nezilwanyana ezincane ekwazi ukuba ejenti causative izifo ezithathelwanayo. Labo abafisa bazivikele kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane njengoba isifo saseLyme, kubalulekile ukuba anake ukulunywa imikhaza ukuthi bane ngesikhathi oncela igazi kwezilwane namagciwane. Lezi ingase ngokuvamile atholakala ezindaweni isimo sezulu sifudumele, ikakhulukazi endaweni elalihlala amahlathi okuxubile. Njengoba i ezindaweni sendawo, lapho kukhona ingozi ngemva kokulunywa eziyingozi, ungakwazi ukunquma ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye western Russia: Western eSiberia, Urals, eMpumalanga Ekude. I-ejenti causative of borreliosis liyatholakala ensimini ka kwezinye izindawo eYurophu nase-United States.

Ekupheleni spring ekuseni ngomnikelo omncane ehlobo liveza umsebenzi enkulu. Borreliosis ngenxa yalesi sizathu, itheleleke nge nenani eliningi labantu esikhathini esinikeziwe. Kuwufanele nokwazi ukuthi ukutheleleka uyakwazi ukungena igazi, hhayi nje ngenxa yezinkulumo yizinyoka, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi olwenziwa ikhefu, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa ukususwa okungafanele.

Kukhona ithuba ukubamba lesi sifo ngokusebenzisa ukudluliswa yokudla okunempilo. Sikhuluma ukusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yobisi ngaphandle ngaphambi ukwelashwa ukushisa. kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kule ndaba yilona ubisi imbuzi eluhlaza. Kulokhu, isifo saseLyme ayihambi komunye umuntu onegciwane kwenye. Kodwa uma umkhaza ukuluma okhulelweyo, ukudluliswa intrauterine ukutheleleka kungaholela kwesisu, anomalies ahlukahlukene azalwa naso, futhi ukufa ngisho womntwana. Ngakho-ke, labo ukhulelwe e entwasahlobo nasehlobo kungcono ukuhlala zingangeni ezindaweni ezingaba kungangcoli.

Mechanism lesi sifo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngqo uqobo ukutheleleka kwenzeka kuphela ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza lwenziwe. Isifo saseLyme, noma uma sikubeka ngokuqondile, pathogen silwanyana singena eliseduze lymph node nekucala wande khona. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva Borrelia kwimgudu igazi, futhi nalo zasakazekela umzimba.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni we sifo phakathi 7 no-14 izinsuku emva kokulunywa umkhaza. Umphumela we nomthelela ngqo ka Borrelia ukuba-lymph ingavuthi lymphadenopathy generalized.

Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sifo singena imisipha, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, amalunga, inhliziyo, futhi ungahlala khona isikhathi eside, ngokuqhubeka wande. Futhi ngisho naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi izivikeli mzimba ukhiqiza amasotsha omzimba ukubhubhisa nezilwanyana ezincane nobutha ngokuphelele ukuqeda lesi sifo akunakwenzeka. Lapha sithola enye ingozi izakhiwo mzimba, okwaholela ukuvela kwezindaba borreliosis lwegciwane, imbangela uhlaselwe inqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasela le igciwane ayisekho, nezicubu zomzimba, kufanele ekuqaleni ivikelwe.

SaseLyme Isifo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwale izifo ezithathelwanayo zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana:

- Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni (isikhathi, kusukela ekuthelelekeni kuze kuqala izimpawu).

- mina nesigaba. Iqala okwamanje lapho izilokazane ezincane yokuzalela inqubo wabe-lymph.

- II esiteji. It kulingana lwesigaba lapho Borrelia yasakazwa kulo lonke umzimba ngegazi.

- III esiteji. It ingachazwa njenge ezingamahlalakhona. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukunqotshwa wadalula yiluphi uhlelo oluthile (zemisipha noma wethuke).

I neyesi-II ezibhekwa usaqala isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa isifo, futhi isinyathelo III uchazwa ngokuthi inkathi ngasekupheleni. Kulokhu, lesi sigaba ngokungenasizathu ngoba isikhathi esinembile yoguquko phakathi kwazo.

Isigaba sokuqala

izimpawu Borreliosis kulesigaba kukhona kokubili ukubonakaliswa zendawo jikelele. Njengoba izimpawu jikelele kungaba azimisele isicanucanu, kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa komzimba (38 ° C), ikhanda, Ukugodola, ukucobeka, umzimba namahlaba ubuhlungu emalungwini nemisipha. Kwezinye izimo imihlola catarrhal: ukukhwehlela, emphinjeni okulumayo nezesabekayo yisisu ekhaleni ukukhanya.

Ngokuqondene izimpawu zendawo, izimpawu idatha elandelayo: endaweni lapho olunywe kwenziwe, kukhona ukuvuvukala, ububomvu kanye ukulunywa obuphatheka ngesandla. Futhi ukwakheka erythema annulare, olubonakaliswa ngesigamu abalunyiwe enkulu (70%). It has uhlobo imfundo obukhulu obomvu, ukwandisa izinsuku ezimbalwa. On the ingxenye uhlobo erythema sifana indandatho ebomvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo enhliziyweni luhlala endaweni egqamile lapho senziwa bite: kuba paler kakhulu. Round noma okusaqanda ukuma ububomvu ungaba ububanzi kusukela 10 kuya ku-60 mm.

Ngokuqondene unemizwa engemnandi, abo erythema annular Akawukhululi. Kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, ububomvu kanye ukulunywa abhake. Isigaba sokuqala ingahlala izinsuku eziningana noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi kubalulekile ukugcina kwezinsuku ezilinganiselwa kwezingu-30.

Eyesibili esiteji

Kunwetshwa sihloko: "saseLyme borreliosis: Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa", kufanele sinake isigaba lapho ukutheleleka uqala ilimaze inhliziyo, isikhumba, amalunga nesimiso sezinzwa. Isikhathi lesi sinyathelo kungase futhi kube izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi lokhu kwenzeka njengoba nesigaba lesi sifo, izimpawu, sici for isikhathi sokuqala, zinyamalale. Ezimweni lapho Ixodes ezithwalwa isifo saseLyme waqala ngokushesha kusuka esigabeni sesibili ngaphandle kokukubonisa obscheinfektsionnogo syndrome ne ayethe njo erythema annular.

ukulimala kwenzwa kulesigaba kungenziwa kunqunywa izici ezilandelayo: izinqubo elimazayo ezenzeka izinzwa cranial spinal ezinzwa izimpande (kuchazwa njenganoma radiculopathy).

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthuthukisa meningitis serous, okuyinto lutho kodwa ukuvuvukala meninges. Ubonisa kucikelela kuqiniswa ezintweni, ikhanda ngokulinganisela, photophobia, ukukhathala ezinzima futhi imisipha ukungezwani entanyeni. Olunye uphawu lokucindezeleka meningitis kungaba ukuqwasha.

Ngokuphathelene izinzwa cranial, kulapho ngokuvamile ubuso kuthintwa. Iqiniso nolokubhujiswa esasiyobonisa ukukhubazeka unyakazise imisipha yobuso: umlomo uwela ukudla, amehlo kungukuthi avuleka ngokugcwele, kanye ubuso batshengise uhlanekezelwe. Ngokuvamile fixed isifo zamazwe amabili, lapho ekuqaleni iphazamiseke kolunye uhlangothi ebusweni futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma amasonto kamuva - yesibili. Ngaphandle ebusweni izinqubo elimazayo ingasho nezinzwa ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa. Lokhu kungabonakala njengoba strabismus, nokuzwa ukungakhuli, umbono, futhi ukunyakaza iziyaluyalu zamehlo.

Uma ucabangela ezithwalwa isifo saseLyme, imithelela okungase kuthintwe ezingaphezu kuka kuyafaneleka ukuthi umgogodla ezinzwa izimpande ngesikhathi Eqinisweni yembubhiso wazizwa palpable ubuhlungu ihlumela ngalowo ekulesi iqondiswa kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, futhi isiqu kuthatha herpes uhlamvu.

Isigaba sesithathu

Le nkathi ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo singenzeka ngisho iminyaka eminingana ngemva kokuzalwa bite. Kulesigaba imiphumela borreliosis has uhlobo elandelayo: acrodermatitis atrophicans, ukulimala kwenzwa (encephalopathy, polyneuropathy futhi encephalomyelitis), samathambo esingelapheki.

Ezimweni eziningi, abathintekayo eyodwa uhlelo oluthile: amalunga omzimba, isimiso sezinzwa futhi isikhumba. Kodwa uma lesi sifo singalwi ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa, kungaholela kokunqotshwa amasistimu kuhlanganiswe.

Lapho isizinda esinjalo ngegciwane njengoba Ixodes ezithwalwa isifo saseLyme ukuthuthukisa samathambo esingelapheki, umthelela elimazayo ingase bafakela emalungeni ezinkulu nezincane. Uma lokhu uqwanga kungenzeka baqale ukuncipha, joint kuyoba deforming izinqubo, kwamathambo ozokhula e isakhiwo ithambo. Ukubhujiswa inqubo ukuzinza kuyoba bazibandakanye futhi eduze imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba (myositis zezifo ezingelapheki).

Ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa esinyathelweni sesithathu kungenziwa ebonakaliswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kwangathi ukuthuthukisa paresthesia, anda noma kwehle ukuzwela, ukuvela izinhlungu ezihlukahlukene ngisho paresis. Kunengqondo ukuba ulindele okuthile engqondweni (inkumbulo, ukukhalipha) nemisebenzi koordinatornyh (ibhalansi). Nabo bangase bahlupheke nokuzwa. Akufanele ngakususi iziyaluyalu kwezitho okhalo futhi ukubukeka zesifo sokuwa. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi iningi iziguli ukuzwa ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala kakhulu, iziyaluyalu ngokomzwelo.

Ifomu njalo isifo saseLyme

Uma ukuziba umuntu alulame futhi uvumele ukutheleleka ukwenza ngokukhululekile emzimbeni, i-ezithwalwa isifo saseLyme ingena esigabeni ezingamahlalakhona. Kuleli fomu lesi sifo kuyoba esitebeleni undulation ukuwohloka. Uma ukugqamisa syndromes ezivamile zokwelapha elawula borreliosis okungamahlalakhona, kuyafaneleka ukunaka lezi zifo ezilandelayo:

- acrodermatitis atrophic;

- izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-arthritis;

- ukulimala kwemizwa uhlelo ukuhileleka inqubo iyiphi wetakhiwo (nge ukwa foci Kungase kube kuningi);

- limfotsitomy.

ukwelashwa

Uma kwakuba khona esolwa ezithwalwa isifo saseLyme, isiguli kumele ngokushesha esibhedlela e-ezithathelwanayo izifo esibhedlela. Ikakhulukazi uma ingane ilimele. Isifo saseLyme ezinganeni kungaholela eziyingozi. Kwakungenxa nje ngosizo ochwepheshe bezokwelapha angase aqhube yokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi, inhloso ukubhubhisa Amagciwane of isifo saseLyme. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi ngaphandle ukwelashwa okuphelele futhi ezifika ngesikhathi of isifo saseLyme bungaholela ekukhubazekeni.

Kulokhu, ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane borreliosis singachazwa ngokuthi indlela ephumelela kakhulu kwethonya nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi esimweni nokucindezela webhaktheriya ukutheleleka izidakamizwa namanje ku esigabeni sokuqala kukhona zonke ithuba lokugwema ukuthuthukiswa inhliziyo kanye nezinkinga zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa kulandele arthrologic.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ekwelapheni borreliosis imithi elwa namagciwane kumele kuqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma sikhuluma usaqala ukutheleleka, kuyafaneleka ukuthi "Amoxicillin" izidakamizwa isetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi iwukudambisa isifo. Ukwelapha okunjalo sihlala 20-30 izinsuku. Ngezenzo lisetshenziswe esigabeni sokuqala kanye "tetracycline". Uma ungenalo isinyathelo erythema, ke ungaya e inyanga yonke, kodwa uma ingelashwa borreliosis imithi elwa namagciwane, i-ububomvu esiyingini angaya ngisemncane kakhulu.

Ngokuphindaphindiwe wazibonakalisa ekulenzeni libe namandla futhi izidakamizwa ezifana "Doxycycline". Kuyinto eqondene yalezo ziguli athuthukile izifo zesikhumba (ingozi isikhumba lymphoma, annular erythema migrans).

Labo esigabeni sesibili sabhalwa ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa, penicillin akuzange kusize ebekiwe. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala kuyaphumelela lapho arthralgia futhi myalgia isilungisiwe. Njengoba lo muthi kakhulu ngezihloko ezihlukene cephalosporin iqembu, ungakwazi ukuchaza "Ceftriaxone". Ukusetshenziswa Its Kunconywa kokubili ngesikhathi ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi iziyaluyalu zezinzwa. Lesi sidakamizwa esihambelana kulezo ziguli ku isizinda isifo saseLyme isungule ngezinga eliphezulu artrioventikulyarnoy ukuvinjelwa noma babe samathambo, ezingamahlalakhona kanye.

Ngokuvamile, ekwelapheni borreliosis imithi elwa namagciwane sazibonakalisa kuphela isandla kakhulu.

izinyathelo

Isifo saseLyme siyisifo ukuxilongwa sina impela, ukuze kungenziwa indiva. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka, unikeze indlela engcono ukuba agweme amagciwane ukuvimbela ezingemnandi ukuchayeka inqubo ukutheleleka sina emzimbeni.

Prevention borreliosis kusho ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho amakhizane bangaphila izicathulo avaliwe futhi izingubo ezimboza ngokugcwele emzimbeni (amabhulukwe amade, trouser nemilenze ngezingubo Puff imikhono nge cuffs). Kungcono usebenzise nemithi yokuxosha ezingaba dudula imikhaza.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umkhaza uthola esikhunjeni, futhi ayikwazanga ugxile, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha vakashela umnyango esithathelanayo esibhedlela esiseduze. Lapho, ukuthatha igazi for isifo saseLyme ne ukusungula ukuthi igciwane lalivela. Ukuhlaziya, futhi ngaphandle kokulibala - yisikali kudingekile, okuyinto akunakugwenywa. Kungenjalo uzoba nobuso izimpawu zokugula okungathí sina kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe ngokushesha ukusebenzisa imithi Kunconywa. Prevention borreliosis zizosebenza uma bite izinsuku 5, thatha 2 izibhebhe izidakamizwa "Doxycycline" ngosuku.

Kuyacaca ukuthi isifo saseLyme, nabo bonke amandla ayo okubhubhisa linqotshwe lingazange nanoma yiziphi izinkinga uma utheleleke ngokushesha ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kuzolandela izincomo zabo.

Ngakho, siye sahlola uphawu isifo saseLyme, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa namagciwane kungenzeka izinyathelo. Qaphela impilo yakho!