Umdwebo "Black Square" by Malevich: okushiwo isithombe, incazelo

Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lawo mazwi amabili kwakunengqondo, ukungayeki ukuphumula, abantu abaningi kakhulu. Umdwebo "Black Square" nganoma yisiphi art amateur angaphandle - umsebenzi edume kunazo Russian yobuciko - uphawu umbono isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngisho okusheshayo XX leminyaka.

cataclysms inkathi umculi

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich waphila yami, okungenani efana isiphetho imbulu uhlakaniphile kusukela ubuciko, umise umgomo ukuceba ngokuthengisa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma abstruse, uphawu okuyinto wabona izinhlekelele eziningi ngaphambili "ochwepheshe" Umdwebo by Malevich "Black Square". Wazalwa ngo-1879 e Kiev, e umphathi omkhulu ukukhiqiza umndeni embonini ushukela. Isifiso kwaba ukudweba kusukela ngisemncane, kodwa engenayo ongaphakeme ayivunyelwe ukwamukela art njalo imfundo, ophoqelelwe ekuseni uqale ukusebenza ekuphileni njengoba draftsman.

Ngo eKursk, lapho wathuthela Malevich umndeni, wahlela umbuthano abathandi art futhi baqala ukulungiselela ukungena eMoscow School of Painting, okuyinto azama, kodwa ahluleka ukwenzani 1905 - wayentula imfundo yasesikoleni. Nakuba Casimir kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso indoda enomkhaya, wathuthela eMoscow, bengifundisa esikoleni iziqu yangasese we-Imperial Academy of Arts F. I. Rerberga futhi ngenkuthalo uhlanganyela emsebenzini ososeshini ubuciko, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela nje kakhulu - ezifana "Jack Diamonds", "Tail Imbongolo sika" "Blue umgibeli" nokunye. d.

search isikhathi

New Era waqeda amagugu ubudala. umqondo ngokuhlala izici ingcaca art olungokomfanekiso, ukubhala isikhathi wathatha isithombe ne-ifilimu nascent, ephoqa abaculi izame fomu. revolution kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho wenza asihlobene izihloko evamile, ngenkuthalo ezinomthelela ucinge emidwebweni entsha okuqukethwe.

Malevich wahlala phakathi zokuphila kwezobuciko lisungulwe ngokubhekelela izitayela eziphambili kakhulu: wabhala namathafa impressionistic, waba nengxenye ezenzweni impikiswano we Futurists (isib - ehamba phezu Kuznetsky Ibhuloho nge nezinkezo wokhuni buttonholes yabo), ababethi isitayela cubism, isungule isitayela sakhe - "abstruse okwangempela ", yakhelwe ukushicilelwa izimbongi kakhulu avant-garde ezifana A. olusontekile futhi Velimir Khlebnikov. Bekanye Mayakovsky olukhishwe "imbande yanamuhla ', kubonisa izenzakalo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

"Ukunqoba phezu Sun"

ngentuthuko Ngisho ngo-1913, kuye kwaba buvezwa impilo okudala Malevich. Petersburg isingathwe "OwokuQala Zonke-Russian iCongress of Futurists", okuyinto kwakunabantu abangu ezintathu: umsunguli we ulimi olusha - "zaum" - U-Aleksey Kruchonyh, umsekeli dissonance zomculo Michael Matyushin futhi owayephikisana asebenzayo yokudweba engokomfanekiso Kazimir Malevich. Umphumela umsebenzi ephefumulelwe kwakunguPawulu ezimbili ukusebenza of the opera "Ukunqoba phezu Sun", kufakwe umlando avant-garde art. Kuyinto lapha ekuqaleni Malevich mdwebo "Black Square" - motif like uvele njengoba okwasemuva indawo isenzo 1st of the opera.

The main theme of the opera kwaba ukuzalwa entsha, injini esizayo, okungase kwenzeke kuphela uma futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe zezwe lakudala. Lokhu isihloko kuthwelwe abadlali non-professional zokubhukuda kumnandi esekelwe imidwebo ngu Malevich, uthi usithe, kodwa bayaxoxa "umbhedo", Ukuthutha phakathi indawo emangalisayo ngaphansi nokhahlo imisindo atonal ezikhishwe upiyano ekhungathekile. Ukusebenza yaphela ngo scandal, t. E. Umgomo yafinyelelwa.

"0,10" embukisweni

Abaphila Besikhathi waphawula ikhono Malevich yokuhlanganisa ababemzungezile abaculi sihlanganise imicondvo. Kodwa ngisho nabasekeli bakhe kwaba ephelele ukumangala embukisweni 39 imidwebo alungele mbukiso, labavulekela Disemba 19, 1915 ku igalari N. Dobychina ku le Champ de Mars e Petrograd. Igama elithi "Zero Eziyishumi 'wayesho zero amafomu inhloso e-imidwebo kanye umbukiso eziyishumi (kunomgwaqo 14). Kwakuphakathi nesikhathi yakhe yokuqala kwakukhona isithombe "ibhokisi elimnyama" - isithombe ithumba lwakhe "ekhoneni elibomvu", lapho ngokuvamile ibekwe imifanekiso. Umdwebi yena hung Umdwebo ngobusuku ngaphambi wokuvula, wabhala amaphosta kanye nesignesha, walungisa Manifesto "Kusukela Cubism ukuze Suprematism. New okwangempela olungokomfanekiso. " Ngakho waba inhloko ukunyakaza entsha kwezobuciko, ogama uphawu kwaba Umdwebo "Black Square". Lo mbukiso uye wabizwa ngokuthi "i-Futurist Kugcine", kodwa incazelo yayo njengendlela kwathatha Suprematism, njengoba kuphakanyiswe Malevich, ozakwabo abuhlangananga - imibono ehluke kakhulu futhi umculi wamemezela.

Suprematism

Igama livela supremus Latin - aphakeme - supremacja Polish - bokuphakama, ubukhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa ezincwadini isitayela esisha Malevich wathi mayelana ukubusa irrelevance njengoba izici belinganisa yobuciko kweqiniso. Esekhululiwe Umdwebo engokomfanekiso iba isenzo ekudalweni elihle, linjengengilazi yaphezulu, futhi lo mdwebo "Black Square" kulo mqondo has a pervokletki izinga, element eyinhloko ezweni elisha.
Enye lisho ukuthini igama elithi Malevich ekhombisa ezibalulekile kakhulu ngokoqobo entsha adalwe amathuluzi ezinkulu lokuthi uyawasebenzisa - imibala, imigqa, amafomu alula Jomethri. Eyokuqala Suprematist Motifs, kuhlanganise imidwebo Kazimira Malevicha "Black Square", waba imiva ekhethekile esekelwe sikubeke umbala izingoma, hhayi komugqa uhlanekezelwe kanye nombono zasemoyeni, alingise ivolumu kanye nokunye. D. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa izimiso eziyisisekelo wathatha indlela umthelela izinhlobo ezehlukene - supremacist steel ukwakheka lezinombolo womuntu avela ngisho izakhi ngakuthathu - "architectons" inkulumo babe Malevich ngomhla bokwakha esizayo.

Ngesisekelo ezweni elisha adalwe umculi kwadingeka inkulumo eyodwa enkulu - "Black Square". Okwakushiwo isithombe kuyi-athomu ye kwaba value wokuzimisela okuyinto ayakhelwe namabalazwe emhlabeni akhona futhi entsha, enye ngokoqobo nokuhlukahluka kwezinto emhlabeni wanika ukungacaci kahle futhi "Black Square". Kuyini lokhu?

Apotheosis ka irrelevance

Ukumemezela ukuzimela kusukela okumsulwa ngempela art izici imibhalo engokoqobo, umculi nakanjani oza ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke ezinye figuration, noma ukucinga ukuma kokuqala, okuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izakhi ephambili. Lona isici esiyinhloko ukuthi kutholakala Malevich - "Black Square". Okwakushiwo isithombe umbono ezivezwa ke, akuncikile ezintweni okuqukethwe semantic, kusukela izinhlangano nezwe inhloso, likhuluma ngokuqondile namazwi avela. I umsebenzi Iseluleki akulula, idinga ukubanjwa kweqhaza umbukeli, voltage ngamandla alo ngokomoya, khona kulo kwezinye umthwalo. Futhi ngokuvamile akukuniki izimpendulo ezicacile, futhi imele indlela entsha ukuze uthole okuvelayo wokuphila, futhi akukhona ukuthi injongo yobuciko?

Umbala - ngesisekelo Umdwebo yesimanje

Isihloko egcwele yakhe edume kunazo zonke imidwebo master okhonjiswe "Black Suprematist sikwele kungemuva elimhlophe." Ukuze umculi futhi isazi sefilosofi lapha kwakubalulekile ukuba wonke amazwi, ngoba igunya umbala, eyinhloko yayo isisekelo sokuma Suprematism. Ungathola incazelo mdwebo "Black Square" by Malevich, lapho umbala upende isetshenziswa ngendwangu, kuba inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi ezihlukile phakathi eningeke bezels ecacile omnyama nomhlophe ngokuthi siyafiliza ukukhanya ukhilimu shades.

Kubonakala sengathi kunengqondo zokuyinhloko, lapho wayenza ezilandelayo - ochungechungeni odumile "white kokumhlophe" lapho imiva yokudweba kusekelwe umbala ubudlelwano ezicashile phakathi izindiza. Umdwebo "Black Square" - isimemezelo umbala evelele onohlonze kakhulu, abalulekile, nika umehluko. Nakuba ukuqonda abamnyama ngenxa ukuxuba imibala eyisisekelo (efudumele futhi kubanda, Spectral nezinye), kuqinisa ukubaluleka lesi simemezelo.

Amandla nokukhanya

Shono kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala isikwele black kubonakala umsebenzi Malevich ku ukuklanywa Futuristic opera "Ukunqoba phezu Sun". Incazelo Umdwebo "Black Square", incazelo yokuthi i-kungemuva elimhlophe lapho ibekwe i sibalo opaque okuqinile njengoba Batter ukukhanya umgubuzelo ezethusayo eziseduze, kwenzeka esikhathini umculi kanye izilaleli, futhi ikakhulukazi organically esimeningcondvo izenzakalo ezenzeka kuyi-opera.

Kuyamangalisa ukuthi Malevich ephethwe ukubikezela izindawo ebabazekayo ukuthi babé nezokusigcoba emva kwamashumi amahlanu. Ad Reinhardt Sol LeWitt, akungabazeki, babehamba endleleni eboniswa "Black Square". KuMarku Rothko sika umbala namandla vibration ifomu laconic ozuza isikali cosmic, futhi esebenzisa inkulumo mandla kufana Suprematist cishe ngokoqobo.

Akwaziwa kangakanani owawuqondene Malevich amafomu olunezimiso ezenziwe umuntu, kulula impindamqondo izinhlangothi isikwele, ingemuva yezwakala futhi siyafiliza abamnyama, kodwa into eyenza ukuba sizibuke isithombe kanye ngomzuzu emisebeni ezingaqondakali therefrom iba eziphathekayo.

Inkinga imibono, ekupheleni art?

ukwabiwa banal ka kwezobuciko ubuhlakani izimfanelo lesiprofetho, kodwa endabeni ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili Malevich abonakala. Kwakukhona sobala besikhathi Motifs ezibhubhisayo, okwakunginika Malevich "Black Square". Okwakushiwo isithombe babona endaweni ekupheleni yabafileyo, okuyisizathu ulilethele ubuciko imidwebo, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga komphakathi.

Umsebenzi kokujwayelekile ezobuciko kwathiwa esiphelelwe isikhathi, futhi isikwele wabona yalokho engokwemvelo zokudala usesho formalists. Shono kukhona legend ukuthi lapho ebona "Black Square", Picasso engasenandaba Cubism - sempi ukuhambisa olunye ukuya ... Ungafaki sokulindela okuhle ufikile umbono ocacile kuphazamiseka wamavukelambuso esizayo.

Nokho, kusukela phezulu isikhathi langemva e iziqubulo esasimenyezelwa Malevich, ozwa ucingo ukuze uthole izindlela ezintsha, nokunci- yezindlela ezindala kokubonisa sezwe esishintshayo akubonakali evelele. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi okunye komfundi kubafundi bakhe ukusebenza imibono yakhe.

ukhombe otstcheta

Malevich ngendwangu namanje ekujabulisayo Abahlaziyi obukhulu, okuyinto ekujabulisayo igama umculi kanye lemali kukhokhelwe isithombe soqobo - the "a baxgeki" abanale umntwana-virgin biko. Ngandlela-thile ukukholelwa zero ukubaluleka yobuciko enjalo. I black hole, iyavuleka ndaba ukukhanya yamanani kwezobuciko kweqiniso, futhi kubonakala kakhulu nabanakekeli emasikweni ezingokomoya nezindinganiso zokuziphatha.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, igama Malevich zonke umculi esizayo, umklami noma wezakhiwo emhlabeni waziwa, Suprematism luwuthinte abaculi abadumile kakhulu yangaleso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, umlobi amafomu ultra-yanamuhla ezakhiweni futhi ezungezwe indoda - Zaha Hadid - ugcizelela ithonya imibono umdwebi Russian kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.

Yini okudingeka ukupenda isithombe "ibhokisi elimnyama"

Ungaphila impilo ngaphandle kokucabanga mayelana bondlekile ukuphila okunethezekile, ukubona umhlaba ngokuhlukile kunamanye. ukuqagulisana nabangani izitha, ukuze senze abafundi, bezama ukugculisa ngokunemba kahle kwemandla embuso futhi eba mpofu futhi badingiselwe kuyo, ukuba bafe izifo ezibuhlungu akakabi ukuguga futhi uguqule emngcwabeni yabo kwisabelo art avant-garde.

Kodwa kungani izinkinga? Canvas, kancane kapende, nelinanincane lema-amakhono Umdwebo - wobuciko elungele ukubaluleka izwe. Futhi kangcono ngisho - ukuhlela computer futhi eliphezulu iphrinta - bushelelezi ngakho, elungile ngaphezulu, sihle ... Futhi okubaluleke - ungenzi umzamo owengeziwe ngokwengqondo, ngoba konke ngakho elula ...