UMengameli waseMelika Pirs Franklin: Biography, imisebenzi kanye nokubuyekeza

Franklin Pierce - US President e 1853-57, ngokulandelana. 14 th ilandelana inhloko yezwe wayeyosebenzelana hhayi ngempumelelo le mpikiswano phezu ngezigqila eyishumi ngaphambi kulwiwa United States 1861-65 biennium.

yokuqala yokuphila umsebenzi

Wazalwa ngo-11/23/1804 e Hillsborough, New Hampshire, USA. Abazali bakhe-Anna Kendrick kanye Governor New Hampshire Pirs Bendzhamin. Franklin Pierce ukuwo Bowdoin College Maine, wafunda ezomthetho e Northampton, Massachusetts, futhi wathola iziqu zomthetho lakhe 1827. Ngo-1834, washada Jane Appleton, eyise kwakungumuntu umongameli we Bodin kanye Whig abavelele. Lo mbhangqwana wazala amadodana amathathu owafa isakhasa.

Pirs Franklin wangena ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe of New Hampshire njengoba Democrat futhi wakhonza-mthetho sesifundazwe (1829-33), US House of Abamele (1833-37) kanye isiGele (1837-42). Handsome, Suave, uthandeka kanjani, nokuba isicwebezelisi zangaphandle Pierce atholakala Congress a lot of abangane, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe e-lutho ukuphumula wayengekho emangalisayo. Wayengumuntu umsekeli okuqina kaMengameli Endryu Dzheksona, kodwa njalo misa izibalo zezombusazwe amadala nokuningi owaziwa. Ngemva kokuyeka iSigele ngezizathu zomuntu siqu, wabuyela Concord, lapho aphinde aqala khona umthetho umkhuba wakhe futhi wakhonza njengephayona Federal District Attorney.

Oqokiwe uMengameli

Ngaphandle inkonzo isikhulu yesikhathi esifushane phakathi Mexican-American War (1846-48), Pierce wahlala kuzo ukunakwa lomphakathi kuya Democratic National Convention e 1852. Ngemva okuvela a stalemate phakathi abasekeli ehola contender kamongameli Kesasa Lewis, uStefanu Douglas noJakobe Buchanan umfelandawonye New England nezihambeli eningizimu kwase okhethwe Kwentsha Hickory (Endryu Dzhekson wawaziwa ngokuthi i-Old Hickory), kanye Pierce Franklin uqokelwe 49 sika amakhetho National Congress iqembu iDemocratic e 1852 e-eqhubekayo kamongameli umkhankaso wokhetho yayibuswa empikiswaneni ubugqila nokuhweba-ucime 1850. Nakuba kokubili Democrats kanye Whigs wamemezela bona abalandeli bakhe kuqala okungabonakala ehleleke kakhudlwana.

Franklin Pierce - UMengameli

Ngenxa yalokho, cishe engaziwa ezingeni likazwelonke kungalindelekile wanqoba ukhetho okhethweni Novemba, bavelele ekolishi sokhetho umfakisicelo kusukela amavoti Whig Winfield Scott 254 ngokumelene 42. Ukunqoba Franklin Pierce sonakala ngu yenhlekelele eyenzeka amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokugcotshwa kwakhe, lapho yena nomkakhe Sasishumayela kokufa ujantshi, onguyena kuphela osaphila ingane, Benny yabo eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala. Jane, oye njalo kuqhathaniswa candidacy umyeni wakhe, ngakho asizange sitholakale ngokugcwele kusukela ukushaqeka.

Ngesikhathi le ukhetho Pierce kwaba iminyaka engu-47 ubudala. Waba umongameli encane kunawo wonke waba emlandweni we-US. Wethule empumalanga nezwe iDemocratic Party, okuyinto ngenxa ngokuvumelana nokuchuma ibhizinisi akazange ayisekele ukuphikiswa ukuhweba ngezigqila futhi wazama Qinisekisani southerners, Pirs Franklin wazama ukufinyelela ubunye ngokwethula ehhovisi lakhe nabalandeli bamahlelo izikhundla kakhulu nhlangothi zombili.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

Wazama uzoshiya kude kuwukuphikisana kanzima, udumo kanye zikutusa ukunwetshwa izithakazelo indawo futhi commercial-United States phesheya. Ngo ibhidi ukuthenga esiqhingini Cuba, Wayala Inxusa US eSpain ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthelela bezimali European uhulumeni kuleli zwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Okthoba 1854 kwakukhona isitatimende zamanxusa, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ostend Manifesto. It wabonwa umphakathi waseMelika njengoba ucingo ukuhlwitha Cuba emandleni Spain ngenkani uma kudingeka. Le mpikiswano eyalandela ophoqelelwe ekuphathweni ukulahla umthwalo dokhumenti futhi khumbula inxusa.

Ngo-1855, owenza American Uilyam Uoker wenza uhambo eMelika Ephakathi abanethemba ukusungula lapho kulawulwa uhulumeni wase-United States isekela ebugqilini. ENicaragua, wathi yena umashiqela lempi, uMongameli kanye umbuso wakhe ezingabazisayo lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-Pierce Administration.

Okuningi eyizingqabavu impumelelo zamanxusa wayelindele uhambo iphansi kwesandla sika-Mettyu Perri, wathumela ku 1853 nguMengameli Millard Fillmore Japan. Ngo-1854, Pirs Franklin Perry bathole umbiko uhambo yakhe yaphumelela futhi US imikhumbi unokufinyelela okunqunyelwe emathekwini Japanese.

KaMongameli Administration futhi kabusha isevisi zokubonisana kanye ezimela futhi wadala eNkantolo Yamakileyimu.

inqubomgomo yasekhaya

Pierce ilungiselela ukwakhiwa ujantshi onqamula nokuvulwa US enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye kulendawo. Ngo 1853, ngenhloso ukuhlela indlela yaseningizimu iya eCalifornia, United States inxusa eMexico Dzheyms Gadsden, bavumelana ukuthenga cishe izinkulungwane 30 sq. M. angu-nsimu $ 10 million. Ngo-1854, ukugqugquzela ukufuduka ku-ntshonalanga, futhi ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa umzila main ePacific Ocean Pierce wasayina Kansas-Nebraska Mthetho. Isilinganiso ngawo ukuze kuxazululwe izifunda ezimbili ezintsha avuleka yayihlanganisa ukuqedwa we Missouri Ukuhlehla e 1820, kunqunywa ukwenqatshelwa lobugqila ngenhla 36 ° 30 'enyakatho-latitude, futhi isimo ukuthi khulula noma isigqila isimo insimu kumele kunqunywe bendawo. Lo mthetho kuye kwabangela ukucasula e Kansas ekuqaleni zinqobe, egcwele isizathu esiyinhloko ekukhuleni Republican Party maphakathi nawo-1850.

Umhlalaphansi futhi ukufa

Ngenxa ukungakwazi uMongameli ukuxazulula lesi simo Democrats wenqaba Pierce kabusha isiphakamiso, futhi nguye kuphela inhloko-United States, lapho iyala ukuba ngumnikazi party. Ngemva uhambo olude Europe, wahlala e Concord. zingahlukumezi Njalo utshwala, owethulwe ibe ukudakwa enkulu nakakhulu futhi wafa ukusitheka Okthoba 8, 1869.

Umongameli wase-United States Dzheyms Byukenen, Endryu Dzhonson futhi Franklin Pierce, owayesebenza ngaphambi nangemva kulwiwa, ezibhekwa phakathi okubi kakhulu emlandweni wezwe. Ngokusho besikhathi, base reactionaries, ongazange afune ukuzwa ukugxekwa noma ukucabangela iziphakamiso okunye ukuthi isinyathelo ngokuphambene umbono womphakathi ukukhalaza imibono lobugqila noma ngesiko nokucwasana.