Izidakamizwa Pure futhi inhlanganisela. i-chemistry

Ngo abafundi 8 ebangeni basafunda ngokuhamba yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali izinto okumsulwa kanye Izingxube. Isihloko sethu ngeke basiqonde isihloko. We uzokutshela lokho izidakamizwa libizwa bahlanzeke, begodu khuyini - Izingxube. Wake wacabanga ngombuzo: "Ingabe kukhona nemiyo okumsulwa ngokuphelele" Mhlawumbe impendulo kuyokushiya umangele.

Kungani vele kufanele ngitadishe ngale ndaba kwesithi esikoleni?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela le ncazelo 'wesimo okumsulwa ", kubalulekile ukubhekana lo mbuzo:"? Hlobo luni izinto ngempela sinesizathu ukubhekana - ne inetha noma ingxube "

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ubumsulwa ketshezi ujabule hhayi kuphela abacwaningi, izifundiswa, kodwa futhi abantu abavamile. Lokho esivame ukuthini lo mqondo? Ngamunye wethu ufuna ukuphuza amanzi ngaphandle esindayo metal amanyela. Sifuna ukuphefumula umoya oncwaba esingavunyelwe ezingcoliswe qeda amagesi izimoto. Kodwa kungase ngokuthi amanzi non-enobuthi futhi emoyeni izinto okumsulwa? Kusukela umbono wesayensi - cha.

Iyiphi inqubo elungiselelwe?

Ngakho, ingxube - ikhemikhali iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana zama-molecule. Manje ake ucabange ngalokhu ukubunjwa amanzi lokho egeleza nje empompini - yebo, kukhona okuningi amanyela. Futhi, izinto ezakha ingxube, ngokuthi izingxenye. Cabangela nasi isibonelo. Esiwuphefumulayo - kuba inhlanganisela amagesi ezahlukene. Izingxenye kufakwe ngezithako zawo --mpilo, i-nitrogen, carbon dioxide nokunye. Uma isisindo eyodwa ingxenye engaphansi ngokuphindwe kayishumi eyomunye ke ketshezi ubizwa ngokuthi ukungcola konke ngokuhuheka. Ngokuvamile yendalo emoyeni, okuyinto ingcoliswe hydrogen sulphide amanyela. Lokhu igesi has a iphunga amaqanda owonakele kuyinto ezinesihlungu ukuze abantu. Lapho uhlezi phezu lomfula benza umlilo, kuyoba kungcolisa emoyeni nge-carbon dioxide, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kuyingozi inqwaba.

Encwadini guys ikakhulukazi inethiwekhi Yesikhashana okungenzeka isikhona kakade kwadingeka umbuzo: "Kuyini kwande - ketshezi okumsulwa noma ingxube?" Impendulo yombuzo wakho: ". Ngokuvamile, konke okusizungezile - inhlanganisela"

Ngakho ngokumangalisayo ahlelwe nemvelo.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana izinhlobo izinto okumsulwa

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sathembisa ukutshela ukuthi zikhona izinto nhlobo ukungcola. Ucabangani, ukuthi kukhona enjalo? On amanzi kampompi sitjhwile. Ingabe Nomozhet aqukethe ukungcola spring amanzi? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula: izinto okumsulwa ngokuphelele hhayi yendalo. Nokho, iningi lososayensi ukukhuluma ubumsulwa isihlobo we ketshezi. Kuzwakala sengathi uma lokhu: "Indaba oluhlanzekile, kodwa nge-caveat." Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube okumsulwa ngobuchwepheshe. Uyinki omnyama violet aqukethe ukungcola. Uma ayikwazi ukutholwa ukusabela zamakhemikhali, into enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi okumsulwa amakhemikhali. Lokhu distilled amanzi.

ubumsulwa

Ngakho, sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngale izidakamizwa okumsulwa. Lena into ukubunjwa yayo has uhlobo olulodwa kuphela nezinhlayiya. It kuvela ukuthi anezakhi ezikhethekile. Anakho elinye igama: ketshezi ngabanye. Ake sizame elichaza property ngamanzi acwebileyo:

• izidakamizwa ngamunye: amanzi distilled;
• ; abilayo lokushisa - 100 ° C;
• ; Ukuqeda lokushisa - 0 ° C;
• amanzi ezifana ayinakho ukunambitheka, iphunga nombala.

Indlela ukwehlukana izidakamizwa?

Lo magazini futhi olufanele. Isikhathi esining impela ekhaya nasemsebenzini (okungenani kakhulu) abantu wabelane izidakamizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e ubisi ukhilimu, okuyinto ingalandwa ebusweni, kuthiwani uma sisebenzisa indlela sokulungisa. Phakathi yokucwenga indoda ukhiqiza uphethiloli, jet fuel, iziketekete uwoyela umshini, nokunye. Kuzo zonke izigaba kucutshungulwa indoda isebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izindlela zokwehlukanisa Izingxube, okuyinto kuxhomeke esimweni ngokomzimba kwendaba. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo.

zokuhlunga

Le ndlela isetshenziswa esimweni lapho kukhona into ewuketshezi equkethe ukudla okuqinile zingaxazululeki. Ngokwesibonelo, amanzi kanye emfuleni isihlabathi. Le nhlanganisela ungumuntu sidlula zokuhlunga. Ngakho, esihlabathini wasigcina ukuhlunga kanye namanzi ahlanzekile sidlula kulo ngokuphephile. Kwakuqabukela siba unake kakhulu, kodwa nsuku zonke ekhishini, izakhamuzi eziningi ukudlula amanzi empompini ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso nokuhlanzwa. Ngakho ngokwezinga elithile ungakwazi bazibheke ososayensi!

sokuxazulula

Le ndlela thina sathi ukuxoxaxoxa kancane ephakeme. Nokho, ake sicabangele ke kabanzi. Ngu le ndlela asesebenzisa bamakhemikhali esimweni lapho kuyadingeka ukwehlukana ukumiswa noma emulsion. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ngamanzi acwebileyo lwangena amafutha yemifino, ingxube kwaphumela kumele ayonyakaziswa ke lona isikhathi phisa. Ngemva kwalokho, abantu uyogcina lomkhuba, lapho ifilimu lamafutha ihlanganisa amanzi.

Laboratories, osokhemisi usebenzise olunye uhlobo okuthiwa uhlukanisa uphondo. Uma usebenzisa le ndlela zokuhlanjululwa liquid obukhulu lingena emgqonyeni, futhi kube lula - izinsalela.

sedimentation indlela has ethile sina - kuba isivinini eliphansi inqubo ukugeleza. Kulokhu, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukwakha kodaka. Ngo izitshalo zezimboni indlela enjalo isasetshenziswa. Onjiniyela ukuklama imiklamo ekhethekile, ezibizwa ngokuthi "zifiki".

uzibuthe

Ngamunye wethu okungenani kanye ekuphileni ukudlala uzibuthe. impahla zalo ezinhle ngokumangalisayo izinsimbi edonsa kwakubonakala imilingo. abantu ngokonga ukuyichaza sisebenzise uzibuthe ukuhlukanisa ingxube. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehlukana ugodo nensimbi imvuthuluka ingasebenzisa uzibuthe. Kodwa-ke kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi akuzona zonke izinsimbi angakwazi ukuheha, singaphansi labo Izingxube eziqukethe izinto ferromagnetic kuphela. Lezi zihlanganisa nickel, terbium, ayibe, erbium, nokunye.

ziphuzo zazihluzwa

Leli gama has a umsuka Latin, kusho "ziconsa amaconsi." Le ndlela kuyinto ukwehlukana Izingxube okusekelwe umehluko izinto lokushisa abilayo. Kuyinto le ndlela ngeke kwahlukaniswe amanzi kanye notshwala. . Ingqikithi yokugcina iyasha at +78 ° C. Lapho umbhangqwana zindonga ezibandayo evele, uba umusi, ngokuba into ewuketshezi ukhathazekile.

Ngo umkhakha esindayo, le ndlela iveza uwoyela, izinsimbi okumsulwa futhi ezihlukahlukene amakha.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba umuntu ahlukanise amagesi?

Sikhuluma izinto okumsulwa kanye Izingxube esimweni liquid okuqinile. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ufuna ukufeza ukwehlukana igesi Izingxube? izingqondo Bright embonini chemical namuhla sibonisa izindlela eziningi ezingokomzimba ngokuhlukana Izingxube gaseous:

• ukufingqa;
• sorption;
• ulwelwesi ngokwahlukana;
• Reflux.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko siye sahlola nomqondo izinto okumsulwa kanye Izingxube. Sithole ukuthi kaningi yendalo. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi izindlela ezahlukene uhlukanisa Izingxube - futhi ezinye zazo kungaba prodemonsttrirovat siqu, ezifana uzibuthe. Sithemba ukuthi i-athikili yethu iye yaba usizo kuwe. Funda isayensi namuhla, ukuze kusasa bangakwazi ukukusiza ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga - kokubili ekhaya emsebenzini!