Umthamo flash inkumbulo ulwazi

Inani lokwaziswa okuwusizo sikwazi ukugcina elektroniki, kuncike nomthamo umshini othile. ewusizo kakhulu kusukela kule umbono iyona inkumbulo flash. Izici zedivayisi ukuthi isetshenziswa, esivame ukubizwa ivolumu abalulekile kanye nosayizi esincane somzimba abezindaba.

Kuyini inkumbulo flash?

Ngakho sikubiza uhlobo Semiconductor ubuchwepheshe memory kagesi reprogrammable. Okubizwa ngokuthi busebenze ephelele kusukela iphuzu kwezobuchwepheshe umbono, isinqumo wokwakha isitoreji unomphela.

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke inkulumo ethi "flash inkumbulo" lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele kumuntu ekilasini ezibanzi amadivayisi isimo okuqinile nokugcina ulwazi, wenza usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo. Izinzuzo ebaluleke ezaholela ekusebenziseni kwazo kwandile, yilezi:

1. Compactness.
2. Cheapness.
3. amandla Mechanical.
4. Umthamo elikhulu.
5. Speed.
6. Low power ukusetshenziswa.

Ngenxa yalokhu yonke inkumbulo flash ingatholakala kumadivayisi amaningi ephathekayo digital, kanye eziningi nabezindaba. Ngeshwa, zikhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezifana isikhathi kungagcini wokusebenza lobuchwepheshe esiphathiswa kanye nokuzwela esithweni electrostatic. Kodwa lokho banekhono flash inkumbulo? Izigigaba bakwazi ukuqagela, kodwa zama. Ngomthamo usuwonke imemori flash ongafinyelela osayizi ezinkulukazi: ngakho, naphezu lingakanani encane, kwisitoreji semidiya 128 GB itholakale ukudayiselwa manje ezimbalwa abantu bazokwazi Ngamangala. Budebuduze esikhathini lapho-1 TB kuyoba kancane nesithakazelo.

Umlando sokudalwa

Kokumethemba kubhekwe amadivayisi isitoreji unomphela zazo kusulwe nge ultraviolet nogesi. Baphinde babe nezinto eziningi Transistor ukuthi lalinesango elintantayo. lapha kuphela electron therein Ubunginiyela lwenteke ngokwakha enkulu kagesi emkhakheni umfutho we Kwe-dielectric Heating mncane. Kodwa lokhu wiring endaweni okwanda amelwe izingxenye-matrix, lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukusungula amandla ephambene ensimini.

Kwakunzima onjiniyela ukuxazulula inkinga density is ukusula izifunda. Ngo-1984, it yaxazululeka ngempumelelo, kodwa ngenxa yokufana izinqubo ukukhanya ubuchwepheshe entsha ebizwa nge "flash" (ngesiNgisi - "Flash").

Umgomo we operation

Kusekelwe kubhaliswa ushintsho kagesi okuyinto endaweni engayodwa sohlaka Semiconductor. Lezi zinqubo zenzeka phakathi omthombo esangweni obunamandla ngoba voltage ensimini kagesi kuleli Kwe-dielectric Heating mncane ibekwe ukuba lokhu ngokwanele ukuze abangele umphumela Umhubhe phakathi ephaketheni futhi isiteshi Transistor. Ukuze baqinise ke, usebenzisa ukushesha kancane electron, bese umjovo abathwali ashisayo kwenzeka. Ulwazi lokufunda inikezwe i Transistor ensimini umphumela. Ulithathe wenza esangweni umsebenzi. amandla ayo siyashintsha embundwini izici Transistor elotshwe nokufunda izifunda. Umklamo inezici ngalo ukuqaliswa kungenzeka umsebenzi nge afanayo enkulu amaseli anjalo. Ngenxa yobukhulu encane izingxenye umthamo flash inkumbulo futhi iyamangalisa.

NOR- futhi NAND-Amadivayisi

Basuke zihlukaniswa indlela, okuyinto ngesisekelo cell uxhumano ibe afanayo olulodwa, kanye lizinga lekufundza nekubhala algorithm. NOMA design kusekelwe Classic-matrix iyimidwebo babashayeli, lapho ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ikholomu nomugqa has kuseli eyodwa. Ngokuqhubekayo umqhubi imigqa exhunywe kwi-abakhwabanisi we Transistor, futhi isango yesibili ujoyine amakholomu. Umthombo exhunywe kwi-substrate, okuyinto evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke. Lo mklamo yenza kube lula ukufunda isimo transistors ethize, akunika amandla omuhle komunye ilandelana ikholomu eyodwa.

Ukuze okumela ka NAND, cabanga afanayo ngakuthathu. Ngo osekelwe kuyo - yonke matrix efanayo. Kodwa ngaphezu Transistor sise empambana ngamunye, futhi isethelwe lonke ikholomu, esakhiwa amaseli uchungechunge axhunyiwe. Lo mklamo has a lot of esangweni izifunda empambana eyodwa kuphela. Lapho lokhu kungakhuphula kakhulu (futhi lokhu ukusetshenziswa) izingxenye kwabantu. Yini embi ngalo wukuthi okuningi kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuqoshwa algorithm ukufinyelela nokufunda iseli. Ukuze NOMA inzuzo isivinini, kanye nokuntuleka - esiphezulu idatha nomthamo flash inkumbulo. Uma ubheka ubungako NAND - plus futhi lokususa - isivinini.

SLC- futhi MLC-amadivayisi

Kukhona amacebo ukuthi ungakwazi ukugcina ibhithi elilodwa noma amaningi kolwazi. Esikhathini Uhlobo lokuqala kungenzeka ezimbili kuphela amazinga we elintantayo esangweni kwenkokhelo. amaseli maKristu abizwa eyodwa-bit. Ngamanye ngaphezulu kubo. multi-bit cell ngokuvamile obizwa nangokuthi lokuhweba. Ababona, Okwasimangaza kuhluke cheapness nevolumu (ngomqondo omuhle), nakuba kuthatha kade ukuphendula futhi baphathe abambalwa ilibhala kabusha.

inkumbulo alalelwayo

Njengoba MLC babenombono ukubhala phansi isiginali ye-analog esitokisini. Isicelo umphumela etholwe chips wathola ukuthi bekwi kuqhathaniswa izingcezwana ezincane ukudlala umsindo emikhiqizweni ezishibhile (amathoyizi, isibonelo, amakhadi umsindo nezinto ezifana).

ukulinganiselwa zobuchwepheshe

ukuqoshwa kanye nekufundza izinqubo zingafani amandla ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho, i-ifomu kuqala abe voltage okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ufunda izindleko amandla mncane impela.

amarekhodi ezinsiza

Lapho izinguquko zanqwabelana icala izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa e isakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka isibalo okungenayo yeseli lilinganiselwe. Kuye inkumbulo futhi inqubo idivayisi angaphila amakhulu ezinkulungwane imijikelezo (nakuba zikhona abanye abameleli ukuthi futhi ungazindeli abafika kwabangu-1000).

Amadivayisi multi-bit a okuqinisekisiwe ukuphila sevisi ngempela ongaphakeme njengoba kuqhathaniswa nezinye uhlobo inhlangano. Kodwa kungani kukhona kakhulu insimbi nokucekelwa? Iqiniso lokuthi awukwazi ngamunye ukulawula necala, has a esangweni elintantayo kuseli ngayinye. Ngemva zokuqopha lokusula zenziwa ngoba ezihlukahlukene kokubili. Ukulawula ikhwalithi Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nenani isilinganiso noma ireferensi yeseli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kukhona lokungafani, kanti icala kungenzeka uhambe ngalé kwemingcele ye kuvunyelwe ke ulwazi iba belingafundeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo iyovele ibhebhetheke.

Esinye isizathu iyona interdiffusion lezifunda conductive nangokuvikela e isakhiwo Semiconductor. kuphakama Ngakho iloli ngezikhathi kagesi, okuholela Ukufiphalisa nemingcele, futhi flash imemori khadi awahlelanga.

Ukubuyiswa kosuku

Kusukela ephaketheni ukwahlukanisa abangaphelele ke kancane kancane ukushabalalisa kwenkokhelo. Ngokuvamile isikhathi ukuthi ungakwazi ukugcina ulwazi - iminyaka engaba ngu 10-20. izimo ezithile zemvelo kakhulu ezithinta isikhathi isitoreji. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, gamma ngemisebe noma ephezulu amandla izinhlayiya kusheshe ababhubhise yonke idatha. Ngubani amaphethini eziphambili kakhulu ezingaba ngiziqhayise ukuthi banalo ulwazi umthamo enkulu flash inkumbulo, babe nobuthakathaka. Sinenkosi ngaphansi eshalofini yokuphila kuka idivayisi kakade eside zaziwa futhi isilungisiwe, okuyinto nje yalungisa leminye.

isiphetho

Naphezu kwezinkinga ezikhonjwe ekupheleni isihloko, flash inkumbulo ubuchwepheshe siyasebenza kakhulu, ukuze kuyinto ejwayelekile. Futhi zako zingaphezu ikhava amaphutha. Ngakho-ke, amandla ulwazi flash inkumbulo isibe ewusizo kakhulu futhi ethandwa ekhaya Imishini.