Kungani computer yami kungaqali? Step by step Umhlahlandlela ukuqeda zokugwema ukuphuka

Ngisho umsebenzisi ngokucophelela kakhulu is ubhekene nesimo lapho ikhompyutha yakhe ngokuzumayo iyeke zifakwe. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene - hardware, i-software noma ngenxa yomthelela eziyinkimbinkimbi kokubili. Bangakwenza kanjani ukutholwa? Yiziphi izindlela etholakalayo yokuqeda ukwehluleka ukuthi luvimbele PC ukuba ivuleke?

ukuhumusha iloli

Empeleni, isimo lapho ikhompyutha ingavuli, okungukuthi, uma kungekho ekuphenduleni ngokucindezela inkinobho yamandla, akuvamile. Kuyinto ngenxa ukubala ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, isibonelo, kumane yokuthi ugesi kuvaliwe efulethini.

Abasebenzisi abaningi bayaqaphela isimo lapho ikhompyutha ingavuli, akukho isithombe esikrinini ngenkathi iyunithi uhlelo ajwayelekile engakunaki nokubhuza igilobhu ovuthayo kuso. Kukhona omunye ukuchaza inkinga - isithombe, Nokho, ngeke ukulayisha Windows. Ngalo mqondo, umsebenzisi ikhomba lesi simo yokuthi computer ingavuli ngoba umphumela uyefana: awukwazi ukusebenza kwi-PC. Sizobheka zimo ezimbalwa, ikhumbula umehluko phakathi ukubukwa umsebenzisi ku umnyombo wale nkinga embuzweni.

Isimo lapho ikhompyutha ingavuli lapho uvula nhlobo, njengoba sibonile ngenhla - ngempela ezingavamile. Ngokuvamile lezi noma ezinye izindlela on the unit uhlelo kusaqala emsebenzini, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, eminye yokulayisha PC akunakwenzeka. Umklamo we-PC yesimanje ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuba, okusikisela ukuthi uma kwenzeka okunjalo umonakalo wokufaka lokukhipha System - BIOS - kubonisa kubo ngokusebenzisa imisindo efana Squeak. Abakwazi zisatshalaliswe ngazo amakholomu noma izikhulumi amancane afakwa umbadlana. Cabangela izici zabo.

amasignali Sound of iloli

Le misindo okukhulunywa zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili - eside futhi esifushane. Uma ikhompyutha ingeke uvule futhi imisindo, khona-ke, kudingeka sithole ukuthi yini ukulandelana amasignali. abakhiqizi Modern umbadlana ngokuvamile nesimiso chips ezifanele ukusebenza ukuhlanganisa nge inhlanganisela enjalo imisindo:

- uma umsindo 1 ibhiphu eside futhi 3 dlala iDemo, kusho ukuthi i-computer ayikwazi ukuthola ikhadi ihluzo;

- uma umsebenzisi ozwa umsindo ofanayo eside futhi engamukelekile, kusho ukuthi kukhona inkinga nge-RAM;

- uma isikhulumi likhipha 5 imisindo iDemo ke lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi ukulimala wokugaya;

- nezinkinga ihluzo kungabuye elashiwo enye futhi eside ezintathu isignali iDemo.

Qaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene isignali nezakhiwo ukunikezela incike nguqulo ye BIOS. Ngayiphi indlela? Ngokwesibonelo, i-BIOS kwezinye izinguqulo izinkinga ne isignali 2, isiqophi 3 noma imisindo 4 elandelanayo. Uma ikhompyutha ivuliwe futhi squeaks ngendlela ethile, bese BIOS uhlobo Award ukuhumusha imisindo kungase kuhluke kulokho simiselwe uhlelo okokufaka-okukhipha in a ukuguqulwa Phoenix.

Izinkinga ugesi

Cabanga ngendaba lapho ikhompyutha ingavuli ngenxa yezinkinga amandla. Uma i-PC akasabeli ngokucindezela inkinobho, into yokuqala udinga ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona ugesi efulethini. Uma kunjalo, kuyobe sekudingeka ukwenze lokho ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe Ukuvikelwa inethiwekhi esihlungini hhayi wasebenza. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ixhume inqwaba amadivaysi - ikakhulukazi labo ezidinga amandla abalulekile. Kungase kube inkinga ngekhebula amandla, PC - udinga ukuhlola ukuthi ixhunywe isokhethi okuhambisanayo iyunithi uhlelo futhi esidayisa odongeni.

Uma ikhompyutha ingavuli ngesikhathi kokuqala, lokhu kungenzeka kubangelwa ukwengamela yomsebenzisi mayelana kusebenze inkinobho emva chassis. Itholakala eduze Jack lapho intambo sifakwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi isici okuhambisanayo iye luvulwe. Futhi kwezinye PC ukusekelwa izinhlobo eziningana AC, isibonelo, at 110 kanye 220 volts. Ukuze usebenze ngamunye kubo kudingeka ukuhumusha inkinobho ohambelana sikhundla lengiyo.

Izinkinga ugesi

Esinye isizathu esingenzeka ukuthi kukhompyutha ingavuli, - engesiyo ugesi. Ugesi kulokhu kufakwa PC evamile, kodwa ingxenye okuhambisanayo obhekene ukusatshalaliswa kwayo, ayisebenzi. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuxilonga ukusebenza ugesi ngaphandle imishini ngendlela efanele - kungcono uthintane onguchwepheshe.

Kodwa kungase kube ukuthi iyunithi uhlelo lwekhompyutha akufakwanga ngenxa yokuhluleka supply amandla, umsebenzisi kungenzeka wena ngokwakho. Iqiniso lokuthi amandla supply ngezinye izikhathi alethe indlela yangaphakathi ukuze azivikele izinguquko voltage. Uma amapayipi kuyinto ugxuma, izakhi okuhambisanayo uhlelo kwabangela PC iyunithi futhi ungavumeli amandla chip. Le lokhi siyohlala sisebenza kuze umsebenzisi ikhulule capacitor ophethe ukusebenza kohlelo Ukuvikelwa. Kwenze elula - udinga ukususa ikhodi yamandla kusukela uhlelo iyunithi Slots, ulinde imizuzwana embalwa bese uyibuyisela. Uma inkinga Ukuvikelwa icushiwe, PC uzoqala ukuba ivuleke evamile.

shintsha ibhethri

Phakathi kwezizathu okungenzeka ukuthi PC ngeke abenqabayo ukusabela inkinobho amandla, - ehluleka ibhethri CMOS, okuyinto isendaweni umbadlana. isikhathi saso date - iminyaka engaba ngu-5. Ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ngemva kwalesi sikhathi kungase kuphele umsebenzi. Qaphela ukuthi le nkinga akubonakali ngokushesha: ngokuvamile kwandulelwe amanye noma ezinye izinkinga kanye kwethulwa PC, ukwehluleka sebengavela ukubeka isikhathi uhlelo, isikhathi computer ngokusebenzisa okulandwayo.

CMOS ibhethri indawo ngempela kalula - ochwepheshe kunengqondo ukubhekana abasebenzisi ngempela okuhlangenwe nakho, labo ungafuni ngephutha ilimaze ikhompyutha yakho ngenxa yokuntuleka olufanele amakhono kanye 'nensimbi'. Sakhi umbuzo, kubonakala, eqinisweni, efana ibhethri, kodwa flat kakhulu, enjengamakhiwane uhlamvu encane. Kungase akhiwe ezindaweni ezahlukene umbadlana. Isibonelo - esithombeni ngezansi.

Susa ikani ibhethri nge ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela mncane. Kungcono ukuthatha nawe esitolo njengoba isampula bese ucela umthengisi ukunikeza nse, kodwa wadedelwa muva.

Lapho 'nensimbi' ukulahlekelwa umfutho

Uma kungenjalo uvule amandla, inkinga ingase ibe ezinye izingxenye hardware unit uhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi umklamo sikhubazekile empeleni ukuqala uhlelo inkinobho iyunithi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-elementi okuhambisanayo kungavumi ukuba umane nje ukuvala oxhumana nabo ku-umbadlana, ukuze Boot computer kwaqala. Siza uhlelo qala futhi ngesandla ukutholakala isixhumi umbadlana Amandla futhi ngobumnene ukuvala othintana ekhona ngayo screwdriver. Yiqiniso, kungcono uma kwenziwa nguchwepheshe.

On the umbadlana PC inqwaba capacitors, transistors nezinye izakhi, ngamunye okuyinto ebaluleke for the operation esitebeleni of PC. Uma ikhompyutha ingeke uvule nhlobo, izizathu Kungenzeka ukuthi iziphi izakhi ezifanele kuhlulekile. Ithole Yiqiniso, unga kuphela uchwepheshe abanolwazi. Kodwa inqubo ukuqedwa kungenzeka ukuzama ukubala le nkinga ngokwenza isiqiniseko ukuthi alikho ngogesi, hhayi amandla supply hhayi inkinobho yamandla.

Sibukeze sezizathu ezinkulu ngenxa okuyinto PC Awukwazi ukuphendula inkinobho amandla enza. Manje ukufunda isimo lapho ikhompyutha ivuliwe kodwa kungaqali, kukhona isithombe esikrinini alitholakali noma kunjalo, kodwa-ke alenzi lutho ngokuya ukusebenza amathemba PC.

Noise lingabanga namiphumela

Cabanga ukhetho lokuqala lapho iyunithi uhlelo iyasebenza, kodwa esibukweni ayibonakali - ke ukhombisa. Lesi simo kungadalwa yizinto eziningana.

Isici ezivamile kungani ingavuleki qapha ikhompyutha - nezinkinga ikhadi vidiyo. Lena ingxenye sasivumela ebucayi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukuchayeka okweqile. On amakhadi ngokuvamile ifektri Coolers, kodwa umthwalo anda elihambisana PC ingxenye kungadinga kakhulu namandla kakhulu Ukupholisa izinhlelo.

Uma ungenalo uvula isikrini computer, bese uhlole ukuthi yini uhlobo device uyekile ukusebenza, umane. Udinga ukuxhuma ku-PC kuya kwenye qapha, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlanganisa isibonisi wamanje nanoma yimaphi amadivaysi third-party. Ngokuvamile kukhona izinkinga mayelana nekucinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi qapha futhi isistimu iyunithi - noma ngocingo nesisontekile, isixhumi isb ivimbekile. Futhi kulokhu kungase kube nomthelela ezithakazelisayo - omunye qapha kukhompyutha ukuskenwa ayisebenzi ngenxa yokuthi uthuli avimbekile ku isixhumi isiqophi ebhodini uhlelo, futhi isibonisi wamanje ayisebenzi ohlangothini kudivayisi ngenxa okuvimba kangakanani ezitokisini zabo.

Esinye isizathu salokhu ukuthi isimo siyini, lapho ungaphendukeli kukhompyutha (Coolers ukusebenza, futhi lutho uboniswa esikrinini), - izinkinga ezingeni umbadlana. Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, inani elikhulu izingxenye ukwethula kuwo. Abaningi babo banesibopho nje kucutshungulwa amasignali vidiyo.

Kungani i-Windows amabhuzu?

Okungasho isimo lapho isithombe esikrinini lapho? Iqiniso lokuthi, okungenani ngo-PC ezisebenza wokugaya, RAM, ihluzo ikhadi and chips main. Lokho kuyinto esicabanga computer ilungele ukusebenza, kodwa ngasizathu simbe akazange abe ungaqala yesistimu yokusebenza. Izimo sibonakalisa umonakalo, kungenzeka kulokhu kungaba kanje.

Ake sithi, phambi kwamehlo umsebenzisi isithombe esilandelayo: computer ngeke uvule (umsebenzi kwesikrini), futhi lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi esikhundleni sohlelo Boot-Windows - ukubhala esikrinini. Kulokhu, kubalulekile, ukuthi uhlobo olunjani umyalezo vela njengoba benjalo. Kungase kube ezimbalwa ongakhetha eziyisisekelo.

Ungase uhlangabezana nezinkinga nge hard drive. Kulokhu, isikrini izoveza efana Qala kabusha Khetha Proper Boot Kudivayisi ( «qala kabusha bese ukhetha ukuqalisa efanele kudivayisi") noma Disk Boot Ukwehluleka ( «yephutha disk ukuqalisa").

Kungenzeka ukuthi amafayela Windows OS ngasizathu simbe, lilimele, isibonelo, ngenxa igciwane computer. Kulokhu, umugqa wemiyalo zingavela esibukweni, kodwa izingxenye sokuqhafaza OS ngeke ivuleke. Qaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi qapha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka e-Windows ubonisa umugqa ofanayo, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-nezinkinga kudiski.

Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, le nkinga yimbi ngempela, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuba uphinde yesistimu yokusebenza noma bayawushintsha hard drive. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi lokhu ube nenkinga encane, isibonelo, ngenxa contact engazinzile kanzima disk isixhumi phezu umbadlana. Kulula ukususa ngokuhlola izici efanele.

Icala elula - e umfundi for nezimo abezindaba kazibuthe (nakuba kubhekwa esiphelelwe isikhathi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa) iyona engikubhalile ngikukopishe kuleyo ncwadi. izilungiselelo abaningi PC uhlelo, sengathi kungase kuzwakale isimanga, inketho icushiwe, lapho OS kufanele uqale yokulayisha ke kusuka engikubhalile ngikukopishe kuleyo ncwadi. Hhayi abayitholayo ohlelweni lokusebenza, i-computer enquma ukuthi ayifakiwe nhlobo, futhi ikunika esibukweni umlayezo. iflophidiski kumelwe kususwe, futhi zama ukulanda futhi.

Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane - umsebenzisi usanda kabusha Windows noma ukwelekelela ke abanye izibonelo isofthiwe evela disk ukuqalisa bakhohlwa it in umfundi afanele. System, kungenzeka silungiselelwe futhi phezu ukuqala ukuqala kusukela CD- noma i-DVD-drive, futhi kuzoba nje isikhathi nekuwusebentisa, njengoba uyobe engathathi umkhiphe disc phandle. Ngokuvamile, uma amafayela uhlelo ku-DVD-ROM engekho, khona-ke kusho ukuthi ifayela elandwayo isukela hard drive. Kodwa kungaba on esiphathiswa ngesimo okufihliwe umsebenzisi, futhi kungase ngisho usola ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni lapho Windows ukulayisha ngeke zisebenze. Ngakho-ke, uma uqala PC yakho noma kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ayikho imidiya - akukho idrayivu noma laser - kungukuthi ezibekwe kule umfundi.

Uma i-Windows ngeke ukulayisha, ingase futhi ezihambisana nezinkinga ihadiwe we hard drive. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuxhuma idrayivu kanzima kwenye PC njengoba i extra, futhi uhlole ukuthi amafayela iwufunde. By the way, kuyoba usizo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze wenze ikhophi kwenye ikhompyutha, idatha eyigugu kakhulu.

Enye - Windows ungase uqale ebhuthini, kodwa esikhundleni "ideskithophu" esikrinini azoboniswa izithombe ezahlukene noma, futhi, umugqa wemiyalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi disc KULUNGILE, kodwa kukhona izinkinga ne uhlelo lokusebenza. Kulokhu, kusukela awokuthi uzodinga kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza.

Uma izinkinga zingenzeka kwethulwa i-Windows umsebenzisi njalo kufanele kube ngakwesokunene ebhuthini disk. Lokhu kungaba nokuphathelene naphakathi okwandayo Microsoft noma, isibonelo, kwakhiwa ngumkhiqizi ikhompyutha. Esimeni sesibili, ewusizo ingaphinda esisogwini drive izinhlelo uhlelo. ungakwenza lokhu ngohlobo labezindaba bebodwa, isibonelo, esekelwe khulula kwe-Linux.

izilungiselelo BIOS engalungile

Kwenzeka ukuthi kukhompyutha sivuleka kodwa ngeke uqale ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo okokufaka-okukhipha obala izilungiselelo ayilungile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa, isibonelo, ukuthi umsebenzisi ukufakwa PC yakho yimuphi hardware ingxenye entsha, efana RAM module ezengeziwe ibuyekeze ikhadi isiqophi noma processor, nezilungiselelo BIOS akukashintshi.

Kulokhu, ukhetho best - ukubeka inketho ohlelweni njengezimisiwe okokufaka-okukhiphayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka i-interface BIOS - ngokuvamile salokhu udinga cindezela DEL ekuqaleni ebhuthini PC, bese uthole into Setha Okuzenzakalelayo izilungiselelo noma uvumelane naye. Khona-ke ukhethe Gcina bese Phuma Isethaphu, noma uThandeka ngendlela efanayo. Ngemva kwalokho uhlelo okokufaka okukhipha ilandisa izinguquko ukufaka izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo futhi iqalise PC. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, isizathu ukuthi umthwalo akusho ukuya kwenye into. Ngemva kwalokho, izilungiselelo BIOS elilungile lingasethwa ngokuxhumana Ochwepheshe abanolwazi.

By the way, BIOS zingenza ulungise ukulandelana imibuzo uhlelo ukulayisha OS. Sesihlole lwesigameko lapho umfundi ufakwa idiski elihambisana Zingaphazamisa kwethulwa i-Windows. Amasethingi banesibopho daba, njengoba kushiwo ku-BIOS. Basuke etholakala esigabeni Boot Ukulandelana, noma ekhuluma naye. Ngokuvamile, lezi izilungiselelo lokucabanga simo mpo abathwali ngawo umthwalo oyokwenziwa. Uma ngenhla ezinye idrayivu - idrayivu, ke lingakwazi kuthathelwe indawo ku HDD - hard disk drive.

PC amvalele phansi ukugijima

Kuthiwani uma kwakukhona isimo elandelayo: Cisha computer futhi akufakwanga? Inketho elula lapha - yebo, ukwehluleka amandla. Kodwa ngokuvamile isizathu ihlukile - e okweqile izingxenye ezithile ze-hardware. Ngokuvamile - wokugaya. Lapho-ke overheats, algorithm Ukuvikelwa uhlelo lusebenza. Nokho, ngokuvamile i-hardware ukuthi lifakwa izakhiwo processor. Uma izinga lokushisa kwe-main PC chip ngenhla ezingeni esibucayi zahlelwa kulo, i-computer ngeke uvule.

Zimbili izimbangela zale nkinga - okuyiphutha noma kuyabanda insufficiently enamandla, kanye yomiswe nokunamathisela ezishisayo - ikhemikhali kwandisa umphumela fan. Kuqondane ukuthi umsebenzisi ukweqisa nge Overclocking - njengoba umthetho, le nqubo ihilela nokwanda okuphawulekayo iwashi chip, okuholela okweqile yayo enkulu, okuyinto cooler ayibaleki.

Ukuze ikhompyutha processor kabani lokushisa - ngenhla evamile ngebhuzu, udinga ulinde isikhashana eside. Ukuze le nkinga akazange kuphakama kamuva ukushintshwa nokunamathisela ezishisayo, kanye yokuthuthukisa ezipholile. Icala Kungenzeka nokuthi fan kumane ezinothuli. Kulokhu, udinga ukuyihlanza. By the way, eyimfanelo kwenhlanzeko Kubalulekile iningi izingxenye PC - hhayi kuphela ezipholile kodwa futhi ihluzo ikhadi, umbadlana, ngemoto, umlandeli oyinhloko chassis.