Umthelela engenayo futhi umphumela esikhundleni - isihluthulelo sokuqonda ubukhulu izinguquko ziphoqa

Ukushintsha lezimpahla amanani ngokuvamile kuholele ukwehla funa. Isizathu wukuthi kukhona umphumela imali futhi umphumela esikhundleni, ezichaza lolu hlobo yakhoibrium isheduli emakethe. Lesi senzakalo ezimbili ngakho oxhumene ukuthi abacwaningi basazama ukuthola izindlela ezisiza ukuhlukanisa quantitatively umthelela wabo.

umphumela esikhundleni wukuthi umthengi ihlose ukuthenga izimpahla ngaphezulu, ukubaluleka lapho kwehle, kufakwe endaweni yawo izimpahla ezibizayo. Ngakho umthelela sobala intengo funa kwezimpahla esikhundleni, isifiso abathengi ukuba bathenge imikhiqizo ethile. Uma esikhundleni ezibizayo, kungcono luyokhula, futhi uma engaphansi ke iwe. Nokho, umphumela imali futhi umphumela esikhundleni akubahluphi izimpahla okunethezeka futhi okuthiwa Giffen izimpahla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esimweni esisodwa salezi zithwala izenzo eqina kunomunye, ngakho nesidingo zizoshintsha ceteris paribus luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa njengoba intengo izimpahla.

Kafushane, umphumela imali ukuthi ngenkathi ekunciphiseni izindleko, kukhona ukukhululwa kwe isabelomali somthengi, okwenza kube ocebile kuqhathaniswa. Uma intengo omunye kubalulekile inyuka izimpahla kuncike, kuba babempofu, okuholela iqiniso ukuthi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa cishe zonke izinzuzo evamile. Lapha siqala ukusebenza futhi umphumela esikhundleni, elibangela umthengi ukufuna azithathi isikhundla imikhiqizo baziswa bakwazi ukwanelisa zonke izidingo zabo ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, umphumela elihlangene engenayo futhi esikhundleni imiphumela nomthelela ku amanani kanye nokuncintisana embonini, futhi kungakho kwizimo zemakethe.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, emnothweni kunenkinga nge kwamangqamuzana nomthelela ubukhulu nesidingo we zithwala ezimbili oppositely iqondiswe. Umthelela engenayo futhi esikhundleni imiphumela ngokuvamile kubhekwa ngesisekelo izindlela ezimbili. Amalungu indlela yokuqala, akhiwa EE Slutsky, siphikelele ngokuthi akuyona ingozi efanayo kungenziwa ngokuthi kuphela amazinga okuphila, esinikela isethi efanayo imikhiqizo. Slutskii imodeli sokuqhafaza ibonisa ukuthi ukukhetha kahle umthengi kunqunywa iphuzu tangency nandaba ijika kanye umugqa isabelomali. Ukuze uhlole umphumela imali futhi esikhundleni imiphumela eceleni, Slutsky udonsa umugqa isabelomali eyengeziwe ehambisana ne-ushintsho imali eyisihlobo umthengi okubangelwa ukwehla noma ukwanda intengo izimpahla. Khona-ke usosayensi kokuqhuba omunye umugqa isabelomali, kodwa ngaphandle kwekubuka isici sokuqala esenza ukuba abale umphumela esikhundleni ngosizo imodeli sokuqhafaza.

Indlela efanayo luboniswa Economist angaphandle John. Hicks, ovela yokuthi ezingeni isihlobo imali incike Umbuso kwezimpahla ukuthi ithengwe ku kuye. Ngakho-ke, uma ehlukene, ngokuya eliphelele lemali ukuhlinzeka izidingo esifanayo, bayalingana ngokuya isihlobo.