Uphawu hyperkalemia - uphawu ubulwelwe lapho anda ukuze uyayazisa mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 5 mmol / l potassium ezingeni egazini serum. Ngo abantu, i-potassium ikakhulu bagxila amaseli ngokunikeza DNA ne amaprotheni zamagama, cell ukukhula, ukusebenza evamile enzyme t. D. 2% kuphela potassium ungaphakathi uketshezi extracellular. Kwezinso netindlela extrarenal potassium homeostasis inakekelwa, kwenkokhelo yokuqala potassium excreted, futhi lengxenye besibili bunikezwa potassium ku amaseli kusuka uketshezi extracellular. Isenzo potassium ukunikeza i engaba kagesi cell ulwelwesi. Uphawu hyperkalemia esigabeni ngokulinganisela - Ukwehliswa ulwelwesi ezingaba uhlezi Izinzwa kanye muscle amaseli, esithinta ukwanda excitability amaseli. Uma emakamu potassium igazi antante 7.5 mmol / L, amaseli ulahlekelwe excitability zabo ngokuphelele.
Hyperkalemia: izimpawu
Hyperkalemia kuhambisana depolarization kwamaseli nokwehlisa excitability yabo esibangela ukuba buthakathaka kwezicubu, nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye paresis. isinyathelo Cardiotonic ububonisa okusezingeni eliphezulu potassium ngensimbi T amaza electrocardiogram. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo sihlasela ukunwebeka kwemisila PQ-isikhawu, kanye ukunwetshwa QRS-eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ekunqandeni AV nokulahlekelwa P wave Zonke lezi zimpawu kuholele ventricular fibrillation futhi asystole.
Uphawu hyperkalemia: izimbangela
Ngo abantu enempilo-potassium ebulilini ayivamile ukubangela izifo. Imbangela eyinhloko izifo ezivamile umsebenzi kwezinso - esingamahlalakhona adrenal. Ngokuphambene, oliguric acute kwezinso ukwehluleka ukwenyuka igazi potassium amazinga esikhathini esifushane ngaphandle kukhuphuke potassium umthwalo. Inani iziguli nesifo esingamahlalakhona kwezinso ngezinga of hyperkalemia umphumela aldosterone ukuntula, okuyinto obangela uketshezi potassium. Lesi simo ngokuvamile ebonwe nephropathy sikashukela, tubulointerstitial isifo sezinso futhi umonakalo apharathasi juxtaglomerular.
uphethwe
Hyperkalemia itholwa yokuhlolwa yase-laboratory yase-serum for potassium ne luhlolo electrocardiographic.
ekwelapheni hyperkalemia
Izimpawu zokuqala hyperkalemia akufanele ishalazelwe. ukuqala olunamandla, okuyinto esongela ukuphila isiguli iphathwa nokuphathwa emthanjeni-calcium gluconate isixazululo zonke 2-3 amahora. Ukwandisa okuqukethwe calcium egazini liyancipha futhi kwandisa embundwini umehluko ezingaba phakathi isinyathelo engaba nokuphumula, ukunciphisa excitability kwamaseli. Ukuphatha i-intravenous sodium hydrogencarbonate ikhuthaza inguqulelo potassium kusukela uketshezi extracellular ku amaseli ngqo. Futhi ekuvimbeleni hypokalemia ngemithambo yegazi iqondiswa umsebenzi insulini-ngcono sodium-potassium futha kanjalo - e ukugeleza potassium amaseli. Ukuze wehlise lokuhlushwa potassium serum sodium ekhethwe ion exchange resin fosfattsellyuloznuyu, ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganisa ngayo sorbitol. Ukuqokwa inhlaka efanelekayo ukuvimbela izifo e ukwehluleka oyingozi kwezinso. Uphawu hyperkalemia okuyinto ithuthukiswe isinyathelo isuswe nge hemodialysis noma isebenzisa umshini wezinso peritoneal ngesixazululo bezkalievym.