Usosayensi wezombangazwe Mark Urnov: Biography, imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, Mark Urnov, omunye abahlaziyi edume kunazo Russian zezombusazwe, sekukhomba bacwaninga uhlelo isimo ezweni lethu, sihlangana ubikezela izenzakalo futhi ukwenza ucwaningo labantu. Imiphumela yomsebenzi wakhe kwakheka isisekelo ezihlukahlukene amasu ezithinta inkinga yokudala izimiso zokuhle ezinkampani ukuqeqeshwa ubuholi esizukulwaneni esisha kanye kumiswa khulula-ukucabanga elite.

biography

Mark Urnov wazalwa ngo-1944 eMoscow emkhayeni ka actress yemvelo, okuyinto ngenxa nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ethiyetha. Ubaba wayesebenza iminyaka eminingi ku-electron microscopes esikhungweni avaliwe. ingane akuqala ayebhekana nazo kuwukuphikisana zezombusazwe post-impi Russia. Senior Urnov Wayevame ukungitshela indlela, amaJuda, abacindezelekile nezinye oluphuthumayo ukuxoshwa abamele abantu abakhethiwe eSiberia.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni Mark Urnov sebekubeke anqatshelwe zonke izinzuzo zokuphila Soviet kuka kakhulu sihluke umndeni, njengoba umama wakhe, uyise nomfowabo babe abalandeli abashisekayo wobukhomanisi. Ngo kwenqatshwa yayo imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, yayingafuni Umkhulu owayeyilungu ubusosha futhi cishe waphunyuka Kolchak ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

kumiswa

Urnov uMarku, ogama biography kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye kukhulunywa zalesi sigaba ebalulekile ekwakhekeni ubuntu bakhe, esikoleni esiphakeme wafunda esikoleni emangalisayo ngokomzimba futhi zezibalo. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga kwalesi sikhungo iye yasungula uhlelo amazing imvelo ovulekile: othisha yethulwe ezigcemeni zabo ne yobuciko izincwadi zezwe futhi akazange ukushumayela Marxism. Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, wabusa umoya wokuzibusa Ukukhululwa bokusungula.

Lokhu ukuphikisana phakathi amafilosofi zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kanye umbono akhipha amanzi evulekile eliphikisayo futhi yayikhuthaza yini baba Urnov Mark. Waqhubeka imfundo yakhe ngesikhathi Moscow State Institute Wezangaphandle (MGIMO), lapho, ngo amazwi usosayensi wezombangazwe, wagcina eqonda eziyimbangela kweqiniso ezweni labo. Ngemva umoya ovulekile esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, ekolishi okwabonakala kuye ngokuthi "zoo".

Naphezu yokuzondwa umnotho, wathola iziqu Faculty of International Economic Relations futhi mqondo-master. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, umuntu osemusha esijulile kungenzeka ukubikezela izenzakalo, ngokusekelwe idatha kwezibalo.

Experience zocwaningo lwezenhlalo

Phakathi yokwakha kabusha Mark Urnov lokuqala kokuqhuba labantu survey, kuhlanganise nokuzigaxa kwezombusazwe. Yaqala ngomdala Institute, lapho umfowabo wasebenza. Ndawonye banikela zesayensi ukuqedela lemibuzo iDemo. Imiphumela yakhe bayamangala futhi ngesaba ukuthi ngisho lapha, phakathi kwezicukuthwane kufanele yezwe wayengekho kakhulu le Liberals okwadingeka ukushintsha Russia. Abaphendulayo bengalamukeli futhi akazange abone inkululeko uyeza, kodwa kunalokho ethukile ikusasa ikusasa yeningi.

Kusukela umkhuba wakhe wokuqala Urnov Mark Yurevich wenza isiphetho esibalulekile Russia akakabi isilungele iyunithi entsha umphakathi. Khona-ke uqala ukuqonda izinkinga eziyisisekelo isizukulwane sokuqala Liberals - inkolelo isimangaliso. Gorbachev futhi Yeltsin ubuwula ukulindela ukuthi nge ukwenqaba bonke abantu ifa Soviet bayovuka, ngokwalo ukuthuthukisa ukwazi kwezombusazwe nokuphishekela West ngothando kuzovula izicabha zayo ngaphansi ukwakhiwa futhi kuzosiza isimo.

Owenza izindlela zabo

Ngemva isipiliyoni lokuqala ixoxa Mark Urnov nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe ekukhombeni wezinkinga zomphakathi Russian. Ukuze uqhathanise isimo sengqondo baseRussia imfundiso zabantwana elichumayo Europe, kuba amasu ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziswa bezinye izizwe baye babonisa ukwehluleka sabantu, nokudikibala ukuze amandla, futhi abantu bebonke.

Esikhathini nineties zakuqala waqale ukwenza ucwaningo phakathi kwamaphini namanye amalungu lesigaba esibusayo. Iningi lazo, ngisho amaKhomanisi ungafuni ukubona eSoviet Union ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu futhi, kodwa namanje ngokungazi ukholwa kwamanye uhlobo nakancane esizayo ovulekile. Lezi kokuma abangu kamuva yakha isendlalelo sokobana cwaningo emikhulu ukwazi elite Russian, owakhonza iminyaka eminingi labetibambile Urnov Mark Yurevich. Emibhalweni ngale ndaba, ziye zahunyushelwa kuzo inqwaba izilimi ishicilelwe ngempumelelo eNtshonalanga.

Adume kakhulu usosayensi wezombangazwe alethwe ukusebenza ukuhlaziya zokuphila zezenhlalo nezombangazwe zezwe lethu: "Uhlelo party eRussia eminyakeni 1989-1983: isipiliyoni yokuba" (1994), "I middle class eRussia: ukuhlolwa ambalwa kanye qualitative" (2000) kanye "Modern eRussia: izinselele futhi izimpendulo "(2005).

Sebenza uMnyango Ucwaningo kaMengameli Russian

Usosayensi kwaba nombhali izifundo eziningi lwezenhlalo ezicini ezihlukahlukene ngokoqobo Russian. Umsebenzi wethimba aluphala hhayi theory kuphela. Ngakho, ngesikhathi i-ukungqubuzana okukhulu Yeltsin namabutho nesandla esivulekile, ebikezela ngokunembile isimanga zonke izenzakalo ezalandela, kuhlanganise kuqale impi e Chechnya.

Moment ukuqagela emsebenzini wakhe kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Okhethweni ka 1996 Esehlale izinyanga eziningana kokuthandaza nokucwaninga isimo sabantu. Naphezu kancane nesithakazelo sangempela okulesi uMongameli Yeltsin, ebikezela ukunqoba kuye. Abantu bakhathele ushintsho kanye emisha, futhi lokhu isici - ukuhlala njalo isifiso - wazibonakalisa juqu. Konke lokhu nge ukunemba 2 per cent mangiqagele Mark Urnov. Russia, ngokombono wakhe, wayengakabi isilungele into entsha, futhi izimiso ubudala bakwazile ukugqashula kulo mkhuba. Yingakho Zyuganov futhi balahlekelwa ngisho noma 25% abavoti ekuqaleni.

Lolu cwaningo wezinkinga zesintu

Ngaphezu ukubikezela kanye nenqubomgomo ukubuyekezwa, sobala owaziwa, yena enza ucwaningo kuyi-izimfanelo abaphathi Russian ngokuziqhathanisa abaphathi eJapane naseNgilandi. Yayithanda ukubaluleka orientation ekhona at izinhloko izakhiwo ezahlukene izinhlangano ezifuywayo angaphandle.

Iziphetho mayelana ezingeni ngosiko ezweni lakithi baye basiza ekwakheni izimiso of a imodeli yimpumelelo, okumele abe eyakhelwe ngomfanekiso umholi we Russian Federation. Mark Urnov labetibambile eziningi izinkulumo kanye nemihlangano enikelwe le nkinga. Abo babesithi, umhlaziyi abajwayelene izilaleli mshini umsebenzi nge izethameli eziqondiwe labetibambile workshop ukuthuthukisa amakhono obuholi. Izinga eliphansi Izishoshovu ephakeme, lapho kubhekwa omunye izimbangela yokuncipha kokubaluleka ukuphila kwezomnotho isimo.

sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ukuthuthukiswa elite kufanele kwenziwe nokwenziwa imikhuba angaphandle lapho kukhona igebe elikhulu phakathi amakilasi bokusungula. Thina, kunalokho, umehluko phakathi nabongcondvongcondvo kanye izingqimba aphansi cishe nhlobo. iziphathimandla zaseSoviet wayibhubhisa yonke elite, futhi ukwakheka esisha kudinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo omkhulu.

Ukubheka ngokoqobo Russian

Ngisho e neminyaka engu-69 ama-usosayensi wezombangazwe Mark Urnov uhlala ngokuzimisela ezingxoxweni yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Esikhathini abezindaba avele njalo izibikezelo zakhe ngokuphathelene nesimo sezindaba eRussia, futhi uye wahlanganyela ngokuphindaphindiwe ezimpikiswaneni: kukhangisa ngethelevishini. Imibono kukhona isibalo uhlamvu oppositional owaziwa, futhi izifundo eziningi igxile cwaningo izimbangela Russia Putin, izenzo kamengameli kanye nokuhlaziywa akwenzayo kungase kubathinte kanjani indlela yamanje zokuphila.

Lapho exoxa ne-"kaMongameli Centre B. N. Eltsina", wachaza izimo umongameli wamanje ungase ngakho ngokushesha ukuwina ngaphansi kwazo uthando izigidi zabahlali. Imbangela Urnov Mark akubonayo isimo sengqondo abantu isiRashiya, ongazange afune ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo futhi wenza njengokwesifiso self-ukwakha umphakathi omusha futhi, njalo, ujabule ukubeka lolu hlelo ezandleni umholi oqinile. Umcwaningi ngokuthi lesi simanga lesi sifo kobushiqela. Akulona isizukulwane esisodwa ezweni lethu likhulé laba ngaphansi kwethonya 'nensimbi isibhakela. " Futhi inhliziyo yakho ukunqoba lo mkhuba, angayikhiphi masinyane aphumelele.

Mark Urnov siqiniseke ukuthi yokuntuleka ngokuzijamela ukubukwa sabantu bethu nezinamathiselo eziyingozi yotshwala nezidakamizwa akunakwenzeka ukuhola izwe libe lekusasa eliqhakazile. Inkinga kufanele ukuxazulula bekhulisa kahle isizukulwane esisha, engasatholi abayophila futhi basebenze ngayo kuphela ngaphansi isibhakela yokwesaba.

amazwi adumile

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana Urnov ungusihlalo Analytical Izinhlelo Isikhwama. It is ubuhanjelwe ososayensi Russian owaziwa zezombusazwe. Imihlangano iqhutshwa abambe format, okuyinto amalungu ebhodi ukushintshanisa imibono futhi nixoxe ngentuthuko yakamuva kuleli zwe kanye nomhlaba.

Omunye imisebenzi yakhe edumile - ocwaningeni yakhe zobudokotela ze-umthelela emkhathini ngokomzwelo ezintweni zezepolitiki emphakathini. Ngo izingxoxo emsakazweni naku TV Mark Urnov kuphawulwe ukuthi kuphela iRussia kuphela kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke ukuba sifinyelele elamukelekile elite is ziba mandla ekusebenziseni abezindaba. abavoti Abazama nsuku isakaze ezithile imibono, imicabango, kusekelwa nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo okubangelwa, njenge: umuzwa izwe, umqondo ubunye ezizweni.

Russian iphutha umphakathi umhlaziyi ubona umkhuba ukulalela hhayi ukwenza. It kakade isibe ifomu ajwayelekile ukumelwa we West ngesimo isilo ofuna ukuncela Russia, awukwazi kuholele ngendlela eyakhayo aphume nesimo esinzima kwezomnotho kanye namasiko yezwe.

ukuphila Siqu

Mark Urnov eshadile futhi has nendodakazi eyodwa. Naphezu umsebenzi Amazing, isazi sesayensi yezombangazwe uthola indawo zokuzilibazisa. Ngakho, ubizwa bahileleke ngebhayisikili, silondoloze ngendlela enempilo, ebusika ngisho litshuza emgodini.

Urnov likaMarku isikhulumi njalo ngesikhathi seminar ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Doctor of Political Sciences has izindondo eziningi futhi amabhonasi semisebenzi kwawo kwezesayensi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe enkulu ngokuya ukubikezela zezombusazwe, abahlaziyi lwezenhlalo yena alupheli ukudlulisa ngayo esizukulwaneni esisha. Ngaphandle kokufundisa, minyaka yonke Urnov nabangane bakhe uhlela izinkulumo kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa intsha engase izenze. Kungenxa imfundo we ufundile futhi uzimele wamahhala-ebona ubizo lakhe neRussia ngethemba lekusasa eliqhakazile.