Villi emathunjini: ukwakheka kwazo, imisebenzi liningi igazi kanye nezici

Ngokuba ukusebenza evamile yomzimba womuntu kudingeka edonsa ukudla. Ukumuncwa ebalulekile izinto ekuphileni futhi imikhiqizo yabo nokucekelwa Kwenziwa emathunjini amancane. Kubekwe therein villi emathunjini bese enze lo msebenzi. anatomy sabo, indawo, Cytology, futhi Kuzoxoxwa.

Isakhiwo emathunjini amancane kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo

Ngo umnyango komzimba womuntu ukwaba 3 - i-duodenum, jejunum futhi ileum. Okokuqala cm-30 ubude. Lapha kufika okhethekile emathunjini epithelium enzyme, Bile kanye enzyme pancreatic. Emnyangweni ofanayo inqubo ukuncela iqala. Amanzi kanye nosawoti, amino acid kanye amavithamini, acid okunamafutha ngenkuthalo ukusivumela out ngosizo we villi.

Phakathi jejunum kanye ileum akukho imingcele ecacile zangaphandle, futhi ubude kuyinto 4.5-5.5 m. Kodwa umehluko yangaphakathi Yiqiniso, zikhona. Jejunum :

• It has a udonga ukujiya okukhulu;
• Emathunjini villi wakhe eside futhi ububanzi ezincane, futhi nenombolo yabo mkhulu;
• kulo kangcono ngegazi.

Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi oyinhloko duodenum - ukugaya ukudla. Hhayi kuphela inesikhala emathunjini, le nqubo yenziwa, kodwa futhi eduze udonga (parietal ukugaya) kanye nangaphakathi amaseli (intracellular).

Kute kwetfulwe yokugcina ku mucosa zikhona izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezokuthutha ahlukile isithako ngamunye. Isici ezengeziwe emathunjini amancane amuncwa umzimba. Esikhathini nezinye - lena isici esiyinhloko.

Ufaka villi kanye anatomy zabo

villi emathunjini esiswini zitholakala kuzo zonke lezi zingxenye izigaba emathunjini amancane bese emnikeza ukubukeka Velvety. Ubude ngamunye villi cishe 1 mm, nokubeka obukhulu kakhulu. Basuke kwakhiwa kusukela lwamafinyila ulwelwesi zeziboya. Per milimitha skwele ebusweni emathunjini amancane lokuqala nelesibili izingxenye kungaba kusuka izicucu 22 kuya 40, e-iliac - 30.

Ngaphandle zonke villi emathunjini embozwe epithelium. Iseli ngalinye has a sebuningini ziboya ngokuthi microvilli. Inani labo kungenzeka njengoba eliphezulu 4 th. Per EPITHELIAL cell, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa epithelium kwamanzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuncela ebusweni emathunjini.

Zonke villi emathunjini esiswini zomuntu axially capillary lymph evela ngesikhathi ichopho villi kanye sebuningini capillary ngokufanele esikhathini stroma.

Ukwakheka yeselula we villi

Kuyinto khona uhlobo oluthile amaseli obhekene indlela villi emathunjini. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala:

villus ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki indawo, uphahlwe ungqimba EPITHELIAL ehlanganisa ezintathu izinhlobo cell: amaseli columnar EPITHELIAL, goblet exocrine futhi endocrine amaseli.

enterocytes

It is evame kakhulu nazo epithelium yohlobo villi cell. isihloko wakhe wesibili columnar EPITHELIAL zamangqamuzana. Amaseli ukuma prismatic. A Umsebenzi oyinhloko villi emathunjini wenziwa kubo. Enterocytes ukunikeza babesuka pheshana emathunjini phakathi igazi lymph izinhlelo adingwa umzimba izinto isinyathelo ngezikhathi zokudla.

Ngo amaseli EPITHELIAL phezu kukhona usebe ekhethekile kwakhiwa microvilli. Lezi microvilli 1 Micron ² amabanga kusuka izicucu 60 kuya kwangu-90. Bona ukwandisa ebusweni ukuncela yengqamuzana ngayinye izikhathi 30-40. Kutholwe surface microvilli glycocalyx yakha sakhathala salokhu sinamathele enzyme.

Olunye uhlobo amaseli EPITHELIAL namangqamuzana nge microfold noma okuthiwa M-cells. Indawo yabo - ubuso lymph follicle kokubili iqembu futhi ngabanye. Basuke zihlukaniswa umumo esiyisicaba kakhudlwana futhi inombolo encane microvilli. Kodwa lokhu ebusweni imbozwe microfolds ngawo iseli uyakwazi lathumba macromolecule futhi inesikhala emathunjini.

exocrine Goblet futhi endocrinocytes

amaseli Single, inani okwandisa kusukela duodenum kuya ileum. Lawa amaseli ejwayelekile lwamafinyila buthelela bese kukhishwa imfihlo yakhe ukuba surface mucosal. Lokho slime ikhuthaza nokudla kanye esiswini ngesikhathi esifanayo abahilelekile of ulwelwesi ukugaya.

Ukubukeka lamaseli kuncike ngezinga elithile ekuqongeleleni uketshezi kuyo, isikhwehlela kumiswa ngokwalo livela nokubekwa apharathasi Golgi. yezinyoni esingenalutho, ukugqamisa ngokugcwele imfihlo yakho futhi ayibanzi letinalokubalulekile encishisiwe.

It endocrinocytes synthesize futhi secrete izinto eziphila abakhuthele ukuthi hhayi kuphela ukudlala umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla, kodwa futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile umzimba jikelele. ukubekwa Primary kula maseli - the duodenum.

imisebenzi

Kusukela isakhiwo kuba ngokushesha ecacile lapho umsebenzi wenziwa yi-villi emathunjini enqubeni wokugaya ukudla, ngakho enumerate kafushane nje kubo:

1. Ukumuncwa carbohydrate, amaprotheni, ama-amino acid, kanye imikhiqizo yabo nokucekelwa. Basuke badabula capillary ku villi, nangenxa yegazi kwenziwe ohlelweni ingosi ye isibindi.
2. Lipid ukumuncwa, kodwa kunalokho, chylomicron izinhlayiya ethathwe lipids. Basuke lidlule ku le micu lymph kanye emgudwini wegazi, ngokudlula kwesibindi.
3. Omunye umsebenzi we villi emathunjini - secretory, secrete isikhwehlela ukunyuswa kulula ukudla ngokusebenzisa namathumbu.
4. Endocrine, ngoba ezinye amaseli villi ukukhiqiza histamine futhi serotonin, secretin nezinye hormone amaningi Bava.

Bookmark embungwini ukuvuselelwa ngemva ukulimala

Kusukela lapho ingqamuzana nokuthi villi emathunjini, siyaqonda, kodwa lapho eseneminyaka selibekiwe emzimbeni womuntu futhi lokho amaseli? Ake sihlole lo mbuzo.

Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesibili noma ekuqaleni lwesithathu ukukhula komuntu intrauterine sekuqala ukuvela kusukela endoderm esiswini emathunjini amancane futhi izingxenye zalo ukusebenza - emphethweni, villi, crypts.

Ekuqaleni, amaseli EPITHELIAL ungenalo kwamangqamuzana esiqinile, kuze kube sekupheleni ngenyanga yesithathu zihlukaniswa. Glycocalyx phezu microvilli, okuyinto embozwe amaseli EPITHELIAL, sisiba phezu ngenyanga yesine umntwana.

Esikhathini Ngesonto lesihlanu, lapho kahle phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, kukhona ithebhu serous emathunjini, kanye lesishiyagalombili - imisipha kanye ezicutshini emathunjini. Zonke amagobolondo abekwa kusukela mesoderm (visceral leaf) kanye zezinzwa izicubu mesenchyme.

Nakuba zonke wokugaya ukudla uhlelo kwamangqamuzana nezicubu wabeka ngesikhathi kwengane esiswini, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo, villi emathunjini zilimele. Kanjani nokuvulwa ezindaweni lapho amaseli esezafa? Ngu division mitotic lamaseli enempilo eliseduze. Bamane ukuthatha indawo nozakwethu efile bese uqale ukwenza umsebenzi walo.