Vula umsebenzi eqenjini ukulungiselela ngemvelo, izibalo, ukufunda nokubhala

Ukuze embule ngokujulile impikiswano ebalulekile futhi baqonde izinto ezenzekayo ezinjalo, njengoba uhlelo zasenkulisa zemfundo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula umlando pedagogy zasenkulisa.

Izikhwama echazwa othisha zasenkulisa

ikilasi ovulekile Okugcwele eqenjini wokulungiselela kuyindlela asetshenziswa kabanzi inqubo yemfundo zasenkulisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, uthisha-Polish Yanom Komenskim walungisiswa isidingo sokuqeqesha ekufundiseni esikoleni.

K. D. Ushinskim kwakuthiwa, ubudlelwane amakilasi enkulisa futhi izifundo ezifundiwe esikoleni sabaqalayo. A. P. Usovoy izisekelo nemfundo yezingane e zasenkulisa kuye kwakhiwa futhi wafakazela ukuthi ekilasini evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela kusiza ukuthuthukisa ingane, ukumlungiselela esikoleni.

Imininingwane yokuchumana pre-school

Othisha amazinga ezimbili eziyinhloko yolwazi, thatha ukuthi izingane zasenkulisa.

• Izinga lokuqala - ulwazi aphansi atholwe ngenxa esikoleni ekukhulumisaneni nontanga, abanye abantu phakathi umdlalo.
• Eyesibili ezingeni - esibheka ulwazi kanye namakhono zitholwa ingane ohlelweni lokufunda.

Futhi, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu imisebenzi yokufunda zasenkulisa kuhlobane ngokuqondile engqondweni yethu ngesisusa izingane:

• ikhono lalelisisa sifundo olunikezwa Imininingwane sebenzisa amadala inkambo nezindlela kokusebenza;
• ikhono ukuhlola umsebenzi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izifundo thematic inkampani hhayi kuphela uthisha, kodwa futhi ontanga zasenkulisa;
• ikhono bafinyelele imigomo yabo ngokuthola ukuthi ikhambi noma eziningana izindlela kweqiniso kuphela, okuyinto ezinye intuthuko ne umfundisi eyokusiza ukuba uwufinyelele ikhambi.

Ukubaluleka imisebenzi ezemfundo zasenkulisa

Noma yimuphi session evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela kubhekwa indlela esebenzayo lemfundo lezingane zasenkulisa.

othisha abakhulu izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane bebelokhu ukutadisha nezindaba ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa umsebenzi njengoba ifomu eyinhloko zasenkulisa imfundo phambili.

Ngo pedagogy pre-school lanamuhla (GEF) njengenhlangano ikilasi ovulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela has a nethonya elihle ekukhuleni siqu nakongqondongqondo, kanye nokulungiselela agcwele yesikole.

Amafomu kanye nezindlela amakilasi e zasenkulisa

Kule nkathi yesikhathi kukhona ngcono njalo imisebenzi eyengeziwe-curricular ezihlukahlukene izindlela: ziba eziyinkimbinkimbi nokwandisa okuqukethwe langempela imfundo pre-school, search for amafomu ephumelelayo ubudlelwano phakathi imisebenzi ehlukene. Bayanda, isibonelo, i-class evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela zabafundisi kwemvelo zizama ukuba afeze ngesimo umdlalo, kanjalo ekuthuthukiseni izingane zasenkulisa nentshisekelo yokufunda.

Okwamanje, iningi lothisha uthuthela sesiqhema ukusebenza ngamaqembu amancane. A mkhuba efanayo kungaba ngcono ikhwalithi yefundo, ngoba izingane indlela siqu ngokushesha sokwetshisa okokusebenza theory, zuza ezisebenzisekayo.

On the ukuthambekela wesimanje ohlelweni imfundvo yasetinkhulisa

Phakathi izitayela ezintsha ukuthi ukukhuthalele elisetshenziswa zasenkulisa, kubalulekile ukwaba ukwakhiwa amakilasi zokukhula izinhlelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Kancane kancane iba imisebenzi more xaka kuhlinzekiwe imisebenzi ekilasini othisha benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuba usondele ukuphila okuvamile zasenkulisa izingane ukudala izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa siqu futhi ngokwengqondo kwezingane.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubusa ngesimiso semfundo pre-school

Ezamukelwe ukuhlinzeka lezo zinhlobo imfundo pre-school:

• ngabanye;
• iqembu;
• phambi.

I DOW lwabelwe isikhathi etholakalayo emisebenzini yangemva kwesikole, umsebenzi ngamunye nezingane. Ngaphansi okuqukethwe wezemfundo pre-school elivame ukuqondwa ngayo imisebenzi efana:

• nezemidlalo;
• umdlalo kuncike-;
• yabasebenzi;
• elikhiqizayo;
• cebo-Ekwenza Umlingiswa.

Isakhiwo kanye amaphetheni somsebenzi esikoleni

Kukhona izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezisebenza othisha zasenkulisa. Umsebenzi ukutholakala eqenjini wokulungiselela izibalo for FGT has a isakhiwo esicacile, it is kunqunywa izici nokuqukethwe imisebenzi zasenkulisa.

Kungakhathaliseki lezi zici kunoma iyiphi umsebenzi olwengeziwe kumele ngibe nezinkulumo ezintathu, okuyizinto indlela oxhumene nokuqukethwe, kuba: ekuqaleni kwalesi senzakalo, inkambo umsebenzi, kanye ekupheleni.

Qala amakilasi

Kusukela evulekile umsebenzi eqenjini wokulungiselela iimbalo uthisha Kufanele usethe izingane ngomsebenzi oluzayo, ziqondise futhi ukunakwa yabo, isimo esingokomzwelo nezingane, uchaza ngokucacile le nkinga. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zincazelo, izingane yakha nohlelo yabo, kufanele siqonde ukuthi i-algorithm we umsebenzi, futhi yini umphumela kufanele sitholakale.

Uhlaka

Umsebenzi ukutholakala eqenjini ukulungiselela elalibazungezile (noma elinye isiyalo) kuyinto umsebenzi ezimele kwenhlakanipho noma kwezinto ezingokoqobo zasenkulisa izingane, esakhiwa ngo inkositini amakhono athile nolwazi esabekwa umfundisi ekuqaleni amakilasi. Lesi sigaba kuhilela individualization amakilasi nezindlela ukuqeqeshwa nekuhambisana imininingwane ukucabanga, ukugaya isilinganiso, ezingeni yomntwana ukuthuthukiswa. Kulesi sigaba eliphambili lokwelapha izingane zasenkulisa kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, uma ingane akulungile. Labo esikoleni abanale ukunakwa, inkumbulo omuhle, amakhono, qhathanisa, ahlaziye, thishela kumele ahlinzeke bengasizwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ibanjwe sifundo evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela ku isicelo, kwanele ukuba ukhumbule, thumela, aluleka abafundi futhi amnike ithuba ukuthola indlela yabo kuzo isimo.

Isiphetho umsebenzi

Umhlinzeki iyoyibona Umphumela wokugcina umsebenzi izingane zasenkulisa, ukuhlola ekukhuleni kwayo, ukwakheka amakhono ezithile namakhono. Kungcono ukuvula ekilasini eqenjini ukulungiselela izwe ngaphandle kwaba Ukubala ephelele, kokuhlaziywa izingane imisebenzi. Kukhona ukuhlanganisa okuqondile phakathi neminyaka engakanani izingane, izici zabo ngabanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi yokufunda phambi kwabo.

Ngamunye the amakilasi e zasenkulisa ungaba izici ayo ethize, konke kuncike imigomo, kanye nesigaba bathathwa amakilasi. Ngokwesibonelo, ekilasini evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela ku ekukwati kufundza nekubhala olandela lo mgomo njengoba indlela efanele yokubiza amagama amagama anzima, ikhono ukwakha isiphakamiso ethize. Uma uthisha lisebenzisa yakhe izindlela umsebenzi wangasese, obaqondisayo kucace zonke izigaba umsebenzi, kanye zihilela reflection.

Ngemva isigaba evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela iimbalo kuqediwe, uthisha ihlaziya ukuthuthukiswa izimpokophelo hlelo ingane, uchaza icebo futhi okuqukethwe ukuba zithengiswe, kuyimisebenzi elandelayo.

Isakhiwo yokuqatjhwa DOW kusikisela ukuhlolwa kolwazi, amakhono esikoleni. Lokhu isheke wenziwa inqubo ngokubuka indlela izingane ekilasini, ukuhlaziya imiphumela umsebenzi wabo nokuziphatha yezingane ngesikhathi game.

On the Ukwahlukanisa Imisebenzi e izinkulisa

Namuhla wasebenzisa ngezigaba esikhethekile yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa nge izingane zasenkulisa yobudala. Kuye iqoqo imisebenzi didactic, ezifana ekilasini evulekile belungiselela iqembu ngemvelo zingahlukaniswa zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• adingekayo ukuze inkositini amakhono yolwazi olusha;
• ukuhlanganisa amakhono ezikhona;
• amakilasi zokudala futhi okusebenzayo;
• umzimba Kuhlanganiswe olwenziwa ukubhekana ezihlukahlukene izinkinga zemfundo.

Ngokusho okuqukethwe ulwazi zonke amakilasi e zasenkulisa kuthiwa division:

• kuya amaseshini zakudala olwenziwe izingxenye ezithile nokuqeqeshwa kumakhono;
• ku izifundo ehlangene, ezibangela izihloko eziningana zemfundo.

Noma yimuphi session evulekile eqenjini wokulungiselela on isihloko isikhala angabhekwa inhlanganisela ezingaba ngokushesha ukuxazulula imisebenzi ehlukene didactic (ukutshela izingane mayelana izinkanyezi, ukuhlola umkhathi, ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo creative).

Ngokuphathelene okuqukethwe amakilasi e zasenkulisa, siphawula ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ulwazi kusuka ezindaweni eziningana ezahlukene umsebenzi, ukuze umntwana uyomenzela umbono ohlangene ngendawo emzungezile. amakilasi Uxhumano nekuhambisana nomqondo ekukhuleni kwengane ngabanye. kokuqhuba amakilasi ezindaweni ezilandelayo kulindeleke ukuba DoE:

• Ujwayele imvelo;
• ukuthuthukiswa izingane zasenkulisa;
• umklamo nomsebenzi ezibukwayo;
• amakilasi umculo;
• ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba;
• azakhele ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba aphansi.

Kukhona nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze isimiso semfundo zasenkulisa (GEF), esekelwe kuwo kanye ukwakha uhlelo ngezifiso yentuthuko lezingane zasenkulisa.

Lolu hlelo lubandakanya yonke amakilasi e zasenkulisa kufanele inikezwe:

• ulwazi oluthile ngezimfanelo izinto zobujamo kanye nezinguquko zawo, ubudlelwano algorithm yezenzo, nokwenziwa eyinhloko, ukwanda kolwazi, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nje okungaqondile zabo;
• ngevolumu ezisebenzisekayo esimweni amafomu elikhiqizayo imisebenzi nokuqeqeshwa kumakhono;
• inombolo nelinani lemakhono ladzingeka imisebenzi ngempumelelo Ukufundisa nokufundwa ukwakheka kwazo kokuqala kanye ngcono, kanye isicelo.

Usayizi ukufunda okuqukethwe eklasini ku-akhawunti inani lememori, lokuhlushwa lezingane zasenkulisa, umthamo yabo ngokwengqondo.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ukuqeqeshwa zasenkulisa endaweni ekhethekile ukubona indawo izinkambo. Phakathi uhambo uthisha uphathe nokuxazulula ezemfundo, futhi izinkinga zemfundo.