Yini tempera upende ezinhle, futhi kungani bazimisele ukusebenzisa abaculi yesimanje

Tempera upende zaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngakho ngokuthi abaculi okulungiselelwe ngesisekelo ezomile sombala oluyimpuphu kanye yokuhlanganisa materials ingcina ukudala imisebenzi yabo engafi. Isiphawulo esithi "ukuphazamisa" livela lesiLatin elithi temperare, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "xhuma, uhlanganise".

Izici tempera

Kuyini ehlukile tempera upende? Ngo zombala Olden misela ngokuyinhloko kusukela amaminerali powder kwaphumela kwaba okuxubile kahle nge ingcina - amaqanda isikhuphasha, juice ezinye izitshalo, iglu isilwane noma uwoyela. Namuhla tempera upende inkhulumo lelungiselelwe esekelwe udayi zokwenziwa emulsions. Ngaphambi yasungulwa uwoyela upende (xv ekhulwini), isifo usekela okwalotshwa ezidume kakhulu ukudalwa esemathuneni akudala, imifanekiso kanye nemisebenzi Umdwebo Iyizeli. Isitayela salo mdwebo ihlukile yokuqala, yingakho in yethu izinsuku, abaculi musa baphelelwe isithakazelo tempera upende.

Egg tempera upende

Tempera upende esekelwe Iqanda emulsion Ukwakheka zihlanganisa inkukhu neqanda isikhuphasha, uwoyela turpentine lacquer. Ingxenye lezi izinto kuxhomeke izakhiwo ngidwebe ngopende kanye nokwenza amathuba kwezobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, uwoyela ngokweqile kwenza upende ukubukeka njengomuntu uwoyela ukuvenisha uyonika Ukulimala isivuno sisiningi kakhulu ukuba impahla ngendwangu fragility okukhulu. Ngo zaseByzantium Russian Iqanda tempera kabanzi iconography, ngokwenkolelo yabantu yezandla, uyisebenzisa ezindongeni amathempeli abangu imali nemidwebo. Ngalezo zinsuku sombala ezomile ejenti esibophezelayo yalungiswa ngokungeza amanzi ukuze inkukhu isikhuphasha, kvass, uviniga noma iwayini. Paints Kwasetshenziswa ungqimba by ungqimba, bese camera nge ukuvenisha noma uwoyela ukuvenisha.

Casein nemifino tempera upende

Kuphinda Iqanda emulsion tempera ngokuvamile okulungiselelwe ngesisekelo yesixazululo casein, ukuvenisha namafutha. Futhi tempera upende owenziwe ngesisekelo yemifino emulsions. Ngenxa yale njongo, wasebenzisa gum mucilage arabic amazambane noma corn isitashi (dextrin) noma i-cherry glue. upende ezinjalo tones ezahlukene weightlessness futhi bahlale fresh eside, kodwa ngoba kalula zisebenzisa ezimbonini esikhiqiza izinto for Umdwebo.

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla benza enkulu ekwakhekeni upende

New tempera upende zisekelwe polymers zokwenziwa kanye pigments. They possess amandla ephakeme futhi asidingi ukuvenisha njengoba hhayi wageza hhayi amanzi encibilikayo.

"Master Class" phakathi ethandwa wesimanje art ngezimali eyabelwe zona tempera upende. Uchungechunge wenza kusukela zombala yemvelo kanye zokwenziwa esekelwe polyvinyl acetate ukuhlakazwa. Pasty ukupenda uchungechunge "Master Class" kabanzi lisetshenziswe art kanye nomklamo umsebenzi. UDries it yakha durably matte ifilimu.

I ngebuhle nebubi ukuthi babe tempera upende

Indlela Dweba izinto ezifanayo futhi iyiphi ubuqili su, idinga - ngesihloko ukuze uthole enye ingxoxo. Thepha kuphela izinzuzo nezingozi tempera hhayi elikhangayo elahlekile yabaculi wesimanje. Inzuzo enkulu yalesi material kubhekwa ubuhle nokuqina kwayo. Ngokuphambene, amasampula lamafutha imidwebo, ngendwangu, ababethi isifo usekela, musa ukushintsha imibala, musa phuzi futhi akusho mnyama nge sikhathi. Kusukela upende tempera ome ngokushesha, akufanele ukhathazeke ukuthi ne ungqimba umbala uyoguqulwa umthamo, okusho ukuthi isithombe is hhayi uyaxebuka futhi aqhephukile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, omiswe okusheshayo kudala izinkinga ezithile ngoba umculi. Futhi, master kuyodingeka ukuba acabangele ukuthi lapho iphele tempera upende ukushintsha umbala - singasindi nobe mnyama.