Usuku lomtholampilo: imibono mayelana neholidi

Usuku lomakhemikhali luyiholidi elingaziwa kuphela emibuthanweni emincane yabathwali, kodwa nasemasimini amakhulu. Ngempela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, ithandwa kakhulu. Ngezici eziningi lokhu kungenxa yemikhuba yayo ekhazimulayo, okuyinto minyaka yonke ithola okuthile okusha.

Uma ucwaninga ngokujulile emlandweni, ungakhumbula ukuthi okokuqala leli holide evele eMoscow State University ebizwa ngokuthi uLomonosov. Lokhu kungukuthi, kwakungosuku lomakhemikhali eMoscow State University. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhona kwaba khona isiko esithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi esikhathazayo. Njalo ngonyaka, usuku lomakhemikhali luyimpoqo ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso sezinto ezilandelayo zamakhemikhali, okwethulwa ohlelweni lwezikhathi zeMendeleyev. Okusho ukuthi iholidi lokuqala laligcinwe ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-hydrogen. Ngendlela, amakhemikhali agubha usuku lwabo ngeSonto lokugcina ngoMeyi.

Okubalulekile ngesikhathi sokusungulwa okusemthethweni kweholide - lokhu kwakuyi-Meyi 10, 1965. Lokhu kwakuyisinqumo se-Presidium ye- Supreme Soviet yase-USSR. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, abantu bokuqala abaye banquma ukugubha leli holide babengabantu abavela emnyangweni wamakhemikhali eMoscow State University. Kamuva, amanye amanyuvesi ezwe ajoyina. Nokho, ngandlela-thile kwenzeke ukuthi abanye babo abazange babone iSonto lokugcina ngoMeyi njengeholide yabo yobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, eSt. Petersburg, usuku lwama-chemist lugujwa ngoMgqibelo wokuqala ka-Ephreli, kodwa eKharkov lwenzeka ngeSonto lokugcina ngo-Ephreli. EDonetsk kunqunywe ukugubha leli holide ngoLwesihlanu wokugcina kaMeyi. Futhi ngisho namanye amakhemikhali aseMoscow athi iholidi labo lochwepheshe liwela ngomhlaka-2 Meyi ngempelasonto. Futhi eMinsk ngo-3-4 Meyi ngempelasonto. Ngokuvamile, akukho ukuqiniseka ekuxazululeni le nkinga.

Futhi-ke, usuku lwama-chemist luhlanganisa bonke abasebenzi embonini yamakhemikhali. Kubandakanya lokhu kusebenza kubafundi, abafundi abaphothule izifundo, othisha nokunye okunye.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi imakhemikhali yasungulwa ngokomthetho njengesayensi ngo-1961. Kwakuyilo nyaka lapho isazi se-Irish uRobert Boyle sanyathelisa incwadi yakhe ethi The Skeptical Chemist. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngesibindi wabonisa umbono wakhe ngokuthi iyiphi ikhemistri. Khona-ke uBoyle wachaza i-chemistry njengendlela yokutadisha ukwakhiwa kwazo zonke izinto ezingenzeka futhi inqubo yokufuna izakhi ezintsha ngokuphelele. Kodwa okokuqala igama elithi "chemistry" laqalwa yi-astronomer yaseFrance Firmik, futhi kwenzeka ngo-336 AD.

Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi usuku lomakhemikhali ngeSonto lokugcina ngoMeyi, ngaphezu kweRussia, ligujwa eByelorussia, e-Ukraine naseKazakhstan.

Ngokuphathelene nomkhosi ngokwawo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umakhemikhali uzama ukulungiselela ngokujulile iholide lakhe lochwepheshe - lezi zimo ezithakazelisayo, imincintiswano, imidlalo. Futhi ethandwa kakhulu ngosuku lomakhemikhali ukuhalalisela, okuyinto enemibala ehlekisayo. Yebo, njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, njalo ngonyaka lolu suku luya ngaphasi komfanekiso wesinye sezici zamakhemikhali ezimelelwe ohlelweni lwezikhathi, ukuze iholidi lonke "livukele" elizungeze ingxenye elandelayo. Ngomqondo othile, kufana nokugubha uNyaka Omusha ngaphansi komfanekiso wesilwane esithile.