Yiziphi ikhadi umsindo?

Now ikhompyutha umsindo babé isakhi ajwayelekile lwezinhlelo zama-computer. Abasebenzisi abaningi imfundamakhwela nakuqaphela ukuthi kungaba ngenye indlela. Kodwa eminyakeni engaba nanhlanu kuphela edlule, wonke umnikazi ikhompyutha, ababefuna ukuzwa isimiso akusho Squeak uhlelo isikhulumi, nomsindo kwangempela (ngisho namazwi abantu izicelo multimedia!), Ingabe ophoqelelwe ukuthenga adaptha umsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutadisha amakhadi umsindo edingekayo iziteshi DMA futhi ziphazamise ukucushwa isimiso, ukukhethwa ngokuvumelana nemingcele ibhasi e amafayela kadokotela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onobuhle kuqala ebiza kakhulu ezibizayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amakhadi umsindo isifakiwe abathanda kuphela. Futhi siyini isimo manje?

ezakhayo Solutions

Zonke ekhona amakhadi umsindo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• onobuhle leyehlukene. Mhlawumbe kungaba ngokuthi zakudala. Leli khadi kuyinto elincane PCB ne ezibekwe phezu kwawo e-zikagesi futhi iqembu othintana ngokuhambisa ukuxhuma kwi-ezifanele umbadlana ibhasi isixhumi. Njengoba efakiwe unit uhlelo, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yangaphakathi;
• Embedded (ugibelile, ihlanganiswe). umfuziselo okunjalo soldered ukuba chipset umbadlana futhi izakhi eziningana piping elisizayo, okuyinto owenza yonke imisebenzi eyisisekelo ikhadi classical umsindo;
• Kwangaphandle. Amadivayisi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba uxhumeke amatheku-USB.

Izici izixazululo esakhelwe

Esikhathini esiningi abantu ukude kuphela zingashayisani nge ezicashile ikhompyutha umsindo, nawu umbuzo mayelana nomehluko esisebenzayo emakhadini umsindo. Phela, zonke efanayo, izici imodeli, akuzona umehluko kubalulekile. I okungenani izixazululo ezibizayo ethulwa amabalazwe esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Inani wangempela chip umsindo kusuka ku 1 kuya $ 10 (ukuqhathanisa, uthunjana wohlu ngokuqhubekayo ikhadi umsindo Asus Xonar abakhiqizi ukunikela cishe $ 40). Ngaphezu kwalokho, unqambothi umsindo ukwazi ukuthi ngenxa yelungiselelo Friend izingxenye phezu umbadlana nakanjani kuphakama kuphazamiseka mutual kagesi kuthinte "ukuhlanzeka" play. Nakuba lokhu zingaxazululwa ngokuyeka isikole nokukhishwa kwe-analog kuya yedijithali, lona wamuva okungalungile ukusebenzisa amakhadi ezifanayo engabizi. Futhi ekugcineni, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi iningi imisebenzi ukwenza ekusakazeni ukucutshungulwa abashayeli ikhadi lakho umsindo usebenzisa amandla we-CPU. Ngakho, ikhadi esakhelwe yisisombululo esikhulu umuntu ongafuni ukuchitha imali kwe-adaptha ahlukene alalelwayo, futhi akusho njengesisulu kweqiniso umculo lover.

Ezicashile onobuhle leyehlukene

Okwamanje, izixazululo oluhlobene kakhulu PCI-Express ibhasi. amabalazwe okunjalo, ngisho izindleko Ngokwesilinganiso, kakade aqukethe "emkhunjini" processor agcwele ozinikele ukuthi wenza idatha ukugeleza ukucutshungulwa Ukwehliswa. Ngokuvamile onobuhle leyehlukene ninezinto eziningi ngaphezulu (isibonelo, ASIO ukwesekwa) ngaphandle nozakwabo esakhelwe ngaphakathi. izinga Sound ngokuvamile ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho izixazululo ugibelile. Lapho ekhetha, qaphela ukuthi iyiphi ikhadi ezengeziwe ngaphakathi icala siba sibi air kwegazi, okunamandla breaking ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kunakunoma wamamephu esakhelwe ngaphakathi.

amakhadi umsindo sangaphandle

Lezi amadivayisi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: ezishibhile, eqinisweni, amelela chip efanayo izixazululo ugibelile, kodwa "ehlezi" ebhasini USB; kanye ephezulu amakhadi professional.