Antique igolide - Inani numismatic

Modern uhlamvu lwemali abaqoqi bazimisele ukukhokhela ezinkulungwane noma ngisho ezigidi zamaRandi Kwezinye izimo imali Uhlamvu lwegolide. Inani labo kunqunywa rarity, udumo, ukubaluleka zomlando, ukubukeka. Inani eliphakeme phakathi omabhalane emhlabeni ine uhlamvu lwemali ubudala igolide e guises zalo ezihlukahlukene.

Mayelana nomlando

Ezikhathini zasendulo, umsebenzi imali eyenziwa izinkomo, izikhumba, inyama kanye neminye imikhiqizo, izinto izinto ngezandla. Ngemva kwesikhashana kule indima asetshenziswa iron, ithusi, zethusi, isiliva, bese igolide. I ingots babe lobehlukene futhi amasampula, inkokhelo wadala eningi nobunzima.

I VII-VI ekhulwini BC. e. uvele zemali zokuqala. Lokhu lula kakhulu inqubo ukudayiswa. Barter waphikelela, uhlamvu lwemali nezikhathi alternated coinless nensimbi kwamanye amazwe isikhathi eside zenani esiliva ezibizayo futhi igolide. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zemali zegolide yazuza ukubaluleka kakhulu.

I amapeni lokuqala eziyigugu kubalwa kusukela metal okumsulwa. Kodwa ngenxa umsungulo yayo futhi plasticity, uhlamvu lwemali igolide lasendulo kokulahlekelwa ngokushesha ukubukeka kwayo kanye nesisindo. Lapho encibilika le ingots isiliva noma ithusi waqala engeza ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zabo lokukhanda.

Igolide izinhlamvu zemali zokuqala zenziwa esetshenziswa eGibhithe lasendulo, China lasendulo, Lydian umbuso ka Ancient Greece, wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani bafika ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII. Ukuvela egolide Izwe Elidala kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane nokuhwebelana eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ikakhulu ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Uhlamvu lwemali lokuqala Antique igolide kubalwa ne-Florence futhi kwadingeka igama "florin". Ngemva fashion Uhlamvu lwegolide lasakazekela nakwamanye amadolobha kanye namazwe. Sinenkosi amagama ahlukene e United ezahlukene, ngisho ngaphakathi design efanayo futhi kwathathelwa indawo amagama abo. Kusukela manje, hhayi kuphela washintsha essence yayo - imali eyigugu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Uguquko IsiZulu igolide

British "amapeni osemqoka" Ukuzalwa uwile ukuba 1257. Nokho, lokhu imali ngeke abe khona njalo futhi wanyamalala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokomlando walondoloza amakhophi eziyisikhombisa.

minting avamile uhlamvu lwemali IsiZulu igolide obanjwe inkambo le Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi ne umbimbi French. Yashintsha ukubukeka kwaso, izindleko kanye nenani ohlelweni lezimali. Ezinye zemali khona inombolo eyodwa futhi abe lenani eliphakeme-mlando numismatists.

Kwezikhathi ushintsho izithombe kanye namagama IsiZulu igolide imali

Izithombe lemali igolide washintsha kancane kancane:

• Ekhulwini XIV: Florin (6s alinganayo) kamuva - Noble (80 na). Ngokushesha kwaphuma ithuba. ezingavamile futhi kuyabiza kakhulu. Florin ukhona kuphela triplicate. Popular "Noble noGeorge" futhi polnoblya.
• Ekhulwini xv: Rayol (10s) kanye Angel (6s 8d). Ezingavamile futhi ezibalulekile. I Rayol ethandwa kakhulu nge rose.
• 1489: EnguMbusi (20 shillings).
• Ekhulwini XVI: Kroon (5s) kanye ganda (20s). "Rose Crohn" - eyigugu kakhulu babo.
• XVII ngekhulu: lelitimele, yena Unite (behlonipha inyunyana baseNgilandi Scotland); nangaphansi kaCharles II - Guinea.
• 1816: Ukubuya inkosi. Chasing amakhophi collectible.
• XX leminyaka: inkosi yaphuma imali inzuzo kanye uhlamvu lwemali collectible UK.

igolide French: yinkimbinkimbi umlando

Kufika 1360 eFrance esetshenziswa livres, udenariyu, Su (wesiliva nowethusi). Qala minting imali Uhlamvu lwegolide uwela njengoba isikhathi Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi. I vintage lokuqala "Frank" yaqanjwa ngokuthi uhlamvu French igolide, kodwa ngenxa izici design (ukuboniswa inkosi ngehhashi) e abantu liteketiswa "ihhashi franc." Kamuva kwaba khona futhi "unyawo Franc".

Uhlelo yemali sikhathi kwadingeka iziqu ezilandelayo: 1 = 1 franc = 20 livery-Tours nosawoti. Ngokuthi lwemali ngezikhathi elivela kafuphi ngalesosikhathi wanyamalala futhi. The French Revolution emuva lwemali, futhi yena kwakulokhu kuyinto eyinhloko kwaze kwaba namuhla.

Ukuze France, ngendlela efanayo njengoba yase-England, kwathiwa libhekene ukukhululwa kwe-uhlamvu lwemali efanayo ngegolide nangesiliva version. ushintsho zomlando yokubukeka namagama zemali wayematasa kangako kodwa ushintsho kwezinkathi ibonakala ngqo lwemali.

Kwezikhathi umlando uhlamvu lwemali French igolide

Umlando igolide zemali French libukeke kanje:

• Ekhulwini XIV-XV: Franc. A ezingavamile futhi kuyabiza.
• Ukuphela ekhulwini XIV-XV: negolide (livery 3). Sikhalo wahlala "ushintsho oluncane" Franks.
• Ekhulwini XVII-XVIII: louis. ECU akhiqizwa okulingana esiliva. Ukufaneleka kwemali ekhokhwayo okuqinisekile Ezemfundo: louis 1 ECU = 4 = 24 = 240 livres nosawoti.
• I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, amaFulentshi Revolution: kubuye franc ngaphakathi kohlaka idesimali uhlelo imali. Izehlo Napoleons (20 franc), napoleons double (40 franc) kanye polunapoleondora (10 franc). Francs Napoleon Bonaparte futhi ngokuthi "Iqhude" noma "noMarianne" (phezu obverse inhloko noMarianne, kube yibo - iqhude) - lena eziwusizo kakhulu iqoqo uhlamvu lwemali yesimanjemanje. It kubalwa bekwaba ngu-1914. Manje etholakala lokuhlobanisa euro.
• I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX: Franc. Yena ikakhulukazi ensimini bamazwe amaningana aseYurophu (Latin Monetary Union).
• Ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu XX: ukwenqaba indinganiso Uhlamvu lwegolide. Nokho, lwemali, ngokuthi "Frank", wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-2002 kanti ukwethulwa kwe-euro. Manje ama-franc igolide kutholakala kuphela version lokuqoqa.

igolide Spanish: ushintsho oluncane "zolotolikih" ukubukeka

Spanish leligolide Old wazalwa ukubonwa ngekhulu XVI, ebizwa ngokuthi "escudos segolide." Ukuba khona imali Uhlamvu lwegolide eSpain is tinekucina eliphakeme uma ziqhathaniswa France futhi ikakhulukazi England.

escudos Chasing ezazakhiwe phakathi nokubusa iNkosi uPhilip II. Coin lokubiza ohlanga ohlelweni yemali lalithé: 1 = 400 Pte maravedi kamuva Pte = 1 Kr = 16 544 maravedi.

Patrimony:

• ekhulwini XVI: i Escudo futhi eskudilo, okuyinto kulingana escudos nengxenye.
• Ekhulwini XVIII: igolide doubloons (2 escudos).
• I Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX: 1 Escudo okulingana 40 reais. Kamuva escudos esiliva okwesikhashana lwemali main. Kukhona zethusi entsha, zethusi imali yesiliva: centimos futhi pessety.
• Ukuphela XIX - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka: imali zegolide nezesiliva e namahlelo 20, 25 no-100 pesset.

Kuze kube manje, njengoba iqoqo imali igolide eSpain ayatholakala ahlukahlukene imiklamo euro.

Half of the state - ngemali eziyigugu

Numismatists uthenge futhi ukuqoqa lenqwaba ngaphezulu noma asilutho imali uhlamvu lwemali. injongo emibi kulowo athembeke kakhulu inkanuko kukhona Antique igolide. Intengo ngabo ziyahlukahluka kusuka emashumini ambalwa zamadola emakhulwini ezinkulungwane.

Izindleko esikiselwayo eyigugu kakhulu imali Uhlamvu lwegolide uvezwa etafuleni.

Ukuze uhlamvu lwemali lutho - nje ephuma ukujika of ukudayiswa izindlela, ziphephile Museum, Echoes yomlando. Kuphela ngalendoda weqiniso unothando uzokutshela ukuthi bahlalaphi umphefumulo zomhlaba, umlando ezweni elithile, abantu enkathini ethile. Kuyini ithikithi i iplanethi umshini isikhathi, lapho ungabona inkosi nendlovukazi French Medieval, pirates iSpanishi, inkantolo IsiZulu nezinceku abampofu. Ukuthi bayifa akuzona izinto ezibonakalayo kuphela kodwa zomlando, amasiko kanye ngokomoya. leligolide sidilizwa - enenani eliphakeme numismatic phakathi abaqoqi.