Abalingiswa "The Master noMargarita". The main izinhlamvu Romana Bulgakova

Mihaila Bulgakova inoveli - umsebenzi amazing ngempela futhi okhazimulayo ngesikhathi sako. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ke asicimi ngenxa yezenhlalakahle oyingozi. Abaningi nebalingisi "Umninimuzi UMargarita 'wawuthathelwe abantu bangempela, abantu abanegama kweSoviet Union futhi kwabangane esisondelene umbhali, ngoba wayengumuntu njalo on the esengozini wabotjhwa. Iningi namaqhawe Bulgakov wamnika izici zobuntu ezinenzondo.

Umlando kule noveli

Usuku eliqondile umsebenzi ongaziwa noveli. Kwezinye okusalungiswa Bulgakov Setha ngo-1928, kwezinye - 1929. Kasibili kuyaziwa ukuthi ngoMashi 1930 umbhali ashisiwe uhlelo lokuqala umsebenzi. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuvinjelwa play "I Cabal of Bazenzisi".

Manje isihloko ekhona kule noveli wabonakala ngo-1937, ngaphambi Bulgakov ngokuthi umsebenzi wakhe "Fantasy inoveli" (uhlelo lwesibili) nangokuthi "iSikhulu Ngibambeni" (edition wesithathu).

Ibhalwe ngokuphelele inoveli ubekade Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1938, kodwa UMikhail Bulgakov waliyisa ahlobene kwaze kwaba sekufeni. Sekukonke, umsebenzi emberegweni oqakathekileko kwenziwa emphilweni iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi.

Ngeshwa, umbhali uye wahluleka ukubona umsebenzi wakhe ishicilelwe. Kukhululwa incwadi yokuqala kule noveli senzeka ngo 1966 kwelinye omagazini etemibhalo. isiqeshana omkhulu owaphathiswa okuqoqiwe, kodwa sibonga ukudalwa ngomfazi Bulgakov sika "Master noMargarita" nokho baba emhlabeni odumile. itestamente yamaRoma ukuzenza uthandwe ngokunikela umbhali omkhulu ithole ukungafi.

Izinhlamvu eyinhloko "Umninimuzi UMargarita"

Umlobi yena ngemva kokubhujiswa uhlelo lokuqala yencwadi waveza ukuthi washisa inoveli mayelana uSathane. Voland, eqinisweni, iyona main ukushayela yiwona owabangela umsebenzi. He is ngaphandle kokungabaza ungumuntu othile nje obalulekile.

Kanye noSathane nabalingiswa abasemqoka kule noveli - Master noMargarita, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zivela kude ekuqaleni kwencwadi. Master livela kuphela esahlukweni 12, uMargarita, nokuthi ke - ku nesishiyagalolunye.

Kukhona yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo emhlabeni philological wokuthi ubani umlingisi ehamba phambili. Njengoba isihloko somsebenzi isikhundla lesithombe esisencwadini Woland, khetha sibalo evelele ezintathu kuphela.

Voland

Ngokokuqala ngqá umfundi ihlangabezana Woland ekuqaleni incwadi. Futhi ngokushesha ngomfanekiso wakhe kudala umbono edidayo. Izici uhlamvu ezingaboniselwa, ngesisekelo izenzo zakhe, kuhambisane izici zangaphandle. Ngu uqobo, kuba sibalo ezimbili, kungakho amehlo imibala ehlukene, eziphakeme ezahlukene namashiya. Abagxeki nobuqili, kuba kokubili baphane futhi muhle.

Akumangalisi ukuthi Berlioz no-Ivan, owokuqala owabona UProfesa Woland, ayedidekile babanjwa imizwa yabo eziphikisa. Izindaba ositshela isakhamuzi ongaziwa, musa ukuthola imbangela eyinto okunengqondo ukuze izilaleli.

Kodwa Woland wafika eMoscow benze indaba. Wayesebenza kahle injongo obucace kakhulu esiza kuye afeze retinue diabolical. Bahlela enhloko-dolobha esiphithiphithini. Theatre "Ukushintshashintsha" liye laba yindawo sessions black magic. Ladies wayethenjiswe ingubo entsha, ekugcineni, ziphelelwe ngesikhindi sangaphansi yakhe. ingcebo Untold ewa ophahleni, bese yaphenduka ucezu elingenakuqhathaniswa ephepheni.

Injongo ukufika emhlabeni Woland futhi retinue yakhe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi isijeziso ngokwehluleka ukuthobela imiyalo yeBhayibheli. Empeleni, kungenzeka ukuthi isithombe sokuqala uSathane kuleli izincwadi efuna ukulinganisela okuhle nokubi, ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni.

Messer wathi nabanye abalingiswa elafika eMoscow ukufunda lombhalo wesandla owawusanda kutholakala, bamba esimisweni ukuloya nokudansa.

Kuphinde kuvule at ibhola Woland imibala bakhe beqiniso. Umfundi uvezwa uSathane ngokwakhe. Ukuthatha nasezincekwini zakhe, ayecashe ezweni elizayo ngosuku olulandelayo.

Umsuka Woland Okwamanje akukacaci. Poet Homeless izimangaliso, hhayi ngowesinye isizwe uma umngane wakhe omusha, ngoba konke Uprofesa inika owezizwe: ndlela, ngendlela yokukhuluma, izenzo zakhe.

UMikhail Bulgakov waboleka igama protagonist inkondlo "Faust" by Goethe. Voland, noma Faland - omunye igama kaDeveli. Abacwaningi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi le sibonelo of uSathane ngokwakhe waba umholi izizwe - I. V Stalin, lapho kanye Woland, waqhubeka engumashiqela nomuntu omuhle.

isikhulu Sweet ebumnyameni limbiza ngokuthi "Mnumzane" futhi "mnumzane", ngakho igama Woland umfundi akafundi ngokushesha.

master

Master - iziqu mlando, njalo wafuna zenziwe lokubhala imisebenzi. Ngemuva kokuwina iLotto eyayike leli thuba elihle kangaka. Waba umdali noveli mayelana uPontiyu Pilatu kanye uJesu, ngendlela yazo ukubuqonda izenzakalo Gospel kodwa safinyelela cishe ukuze Madness emva umsebenzi wakhe wagxeka nines.

igama iqhawe alisho encwadini Bulgakov. Zesidlaliso "Master" Margaret wamnika othandekayo wakhe. Nokho, wayesho amahloni impatho enjalo. Wayehlala njalo kugwenywe izimo lapho kwadingeka ushayele ngokwami. Poet Ivan Homeless , uthi akanayo igama nesibongo.

izici Lwangaphandle umlingisi azikho. Kusobala ukuthi ikhange, kodwa ukulangazelela emehlweni akhe kususa yonke isicwebezelisi. Uneminyaka ecishe ibe u amane ubudala, simnyama asebegugile kanye ihlale ihlanzekile ukushefa, ngisho esibhedlela.

Umfundi kanjalo uyokuqonda Eqinisweni ukuthi iNkosi kusukela Bulgakov elingasekho empini, futhi ubuhlobo noMargaret zifana kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe nomkakhe lwesithathu Elena Sergeevna. Master, kanye UMikhail Bulgakov, washisa inoveli yakhe noMargarita, kanye Elena Shilovskaya silondoloza izinsalela zayo.

Umnyaka efanayo abaculi ababili kanye nobuhlobo babo ne abahlaziyi bemibhalo, ngoba Bulgakov ngokwakhe ngokuphindaphindiwe wagconwa futhi bashushiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo.

Le noveli akuyona ncamashi kuchazwe indlela Master ethola esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo. Abanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa zinyanga edition ukukhubazeka inoveli, abanye bagcizelele ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela umbhali kwenza ibhekisela ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu abangu-30-yalolucwaningo, lapho umuntu engase zinyamalale phakade.

Margaret

UMargarita Nikolaevna - Masters intombi, bahlukaniswa nabathandekayo babo. Wakujabulela amukela umnikelo ukuba abe indlovukazi Woland at ibhola njengoba uthembisa ukufeza omunye nesifiso salo. Margaret wafisa ngahlangana zeNkosi, eyagcina kwenzeke ngoba uSathane.

Igama UMargarita umfundi akazi kuze kube maphakathi inoveli, Master uyazifihla othandekayo wakhe.

UMargarita - isithombe collective, ugxile kakhulu ka Gretchen ( "Faust" by Goethe) nonkosikazi komlobi Elena Shilovskaya. Ikakhulukazi, umhlangano wachaza Master noMargarita - ikhophi esiqondile Bulgakov uthande nomkakhe.

Abanye abacwaningi ukubona izici queens French Margaret (Marguerite de Valois futhi Margo Navarrskoy), kanye embhalweni kukhona ukubhekisela yokufana kwawo (ibinzana Koroviev nobunjalo nokuzwelana enkantolo French bobukhosi).

UMargarita kusenzo inoveli, elihle kodwa unkosikazi unesizungu bathola umuntu othola injongo yokuphila ngemva komhlangano Master.

NA Bulgakov benza uphawu umlingiswa oyinhloko uthando nomhlatshelo, nokusekela kushukumisa umbhali, ngomumo ukuba izonikela ngokuphila kwayo ngenxa ethandekayo.

izinhlamvu yamademoni

Woland kanye nabasizi bakhe ngokuvamile ngokwabo onogqozi zonke izibhelu ezenzeka eMoscow. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba yizo izingqapheli kuphela. Izikhonzi zikaSathane zonke emihlanu. Ngamunye has umgomo wayo siqu, umgomo wabo.

Koroviev-Fagot izenzo wokuba umbhidisi futhi interprenera, kuba - okulingana ngakwesokunene zezimali zenkosi yayo. Igama lakhe unezitho ezimbili. Inkomo - lisuselwa egameni indaba iqhawe "The Village of Stepanchikovo". Koroviev Bulgakov sika has eziningi izici Korovkina kusungulwe Dostoevsky. Ingxenye yesibili igama - isihloko insimbi yomculo. Kube umbhali guided zangaphandle idatha uhlamvu, ngoba, njengomnikelo bassoon, Bulgakov daemon mncane, okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kungaba khona kathathu ukwenza umyalelo okuyinhloko.

Koroviev-Fagot emelelwa izinhlamvu yencwadi umhumushi, le ibamba, umuntu okopelayo onekhono. Kweqiniso imaski yakhe, kwamademoni uSathane ayivulanga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa umfundi unake uzophawula indlela kukhona iqhawe endabeni. Ngokwezwi nezwi livela BaseMoscow umoya oshisayo (ngokusho legend ukushisa esabekayo, kuyinto kuzalwa ukufika amabutho ezimbi).

Cat uBehemoti - iqhawe ukuthi ungazama kunoma iyiphi ukuma. Lokhu uhlamvu lifanekisela profligacy nokuminza, futhi ziyinto oluthandayo Woland, jester yakhe.

Bulgakov lokhu uhlamvu laqanjwa kuphela amanothi satirical futhi ezihlekisayo kuxhumene umuzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zefilosofi zokuziphatha kule noveli. It ukhuluma ngakho nazo zonke izinto ezenziwe ikati uBehemoti (bedubulana abaseshi, umdlalo we-chess nge mnumzane, umncintiswano ngokudubula nge Azazello).

Hella - uhlamvu ongenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi. A vampire besifazane kuyinto esisemqoka inceku Voland. Esikhathini inoveli, yena ubonisa intombazane oluhlaza okotshani enezinwele ezinde ezibomvu, esishukumisela ngokukhululekile emoyeni. Lokhu kukunika ke ziyezwana nama uyathakatha. Wethule inceku yakhe UMargarita, Voland kubonisa promptness yayo, sasizwa kanye nezobunhloli.

Kulindeleke ukuthi iningi izici vampire Hella, Bulgakov alihlola endabeni "The Vampire" Alexei UTolstoy. Kusuka lapho, smacking bese uchofoza amazinyo, ngokwanga kaDeveli, ngenxa okuyinto Varenukha ayisekho yayenza isithunzi futhi babe vampire. Hella - uhlamvu ngubani ungoyedwa lonke retinue ka Woland awuzange ehilelekile yesigameko indiza odlule.

Azazello selivela isixhumanisi, a recruiter ukuze black izenzo mnumzane. Ngokuphelele uhlamvu alithandeki, dlala, nge ngokubomvu, nimkhiphela bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, izinwele, amehlo aphumele ngaphandle Amazinyo. Qedela isithombe patent lesikhumba izicathulo, Bowler isigqoko ekhanda lakhe, suit ezimthende Azazello. UMargarita, okokuqala lapho embona, ngokuthi iqhawe abaphangi mug.

Abhadoni ukhona endaweni ethile ngemuva, futhi ihluke kanjani lonke isimo sakhe sengqondo enozwelo kokubili ububi emhlabeni futhi ubuhle emhlabeni.

izinhlamvu waseBhayibhelini

Biblical ingxenye noveli "Umninimuzi UMargarita" eyabhalwa Bulgakov esekelwe eVangelini likaMathewu, kodwa isebenzisa amagama nesiAramu ezibhekwa licondzile nalikhuluma ngemlandvo (uJesu esikhundleni sikaJesu).

Indaba kweBhayibheli inoveli komlobi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala ekutshela Voland at Ponds Umbhishobhi sika, iphupho imbongi Homeless, ukufunda lwesithathu UMargarita yesibili. Ezahlukweni zayo ezingu-waseBhayibhelini, zikhona izindawo eziningi isimiso samaSoviet kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa.

Abalingiswa "The Master noMargarita" - Aphranius (imfihlo isikhulu samaphoyisa sikaPilatu), uJuda (umhlali Yershalaim owakhaphela uJesu), Iosif Kaifa (umpristi, othumele uJesu ekufeni), Leviy Matvey (umfundi uJesu, owadubula kuye wehle esiphambanweni), uPontiyu Pilatu kanye uJesu, kanye nezinye izinhlamvu ezimbalwa.

uPontiyu Pilatu

UMbusi Wesifundazwe SaseJudiya ngokuthi ukucacisa isiphetho kaYeshua Ha-ninokuqonda + kuKristu. indoda Tough futhi izingqongqo, wanquma ku imibuzo abasolwa. Ngalesi inkhulumomphendvulwano, uPontiyu Pilatu engumbusi umxhwele ngokuphelele uJesu, kodwa naphezu izimangaliso, ukumbonisa (Ha abaphulukisa migraine umbusi), isigwebo sokufa kwaqinisekiswa.

Ngenxa uzwela kwakhe ngoba uJesu uPilatu isinqumo nomphindiseli. Ukhipha umyalo wokuba ukubulala umuntu anezinhlaka Ha-hit iSanhedrini ngecala.

UPontiyu Pilatu kanye uJesu benamandla nomunye imizwa ofuna ukuphumela obala, ngenxa okuyinto lokuqala ahlupheka konke ukuphila kwakhe. Wayazi ukuthi yayisayine isigwebo sakhe siqu ngempela isimangaliso. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe ngokomzimba futhi equlekile evalelwa ekamu wayenesisindo yena wadala. Phakathi indiza lokugcina uSathane Woland wabuza ophikisana naye lokunikeza nenkululeko uPilatu, futhi yilokho akwenza.

uJesu Ha-

Indaba waseBhayibhelini kule noveli lihlukile ivangeli ezicini eziningi, ezingalotshwanga kunakwe Bulgakov. UJoshuwa okubonisa ovamile, ukuthi unesiphiwo ukuba izwelane nabanye, owayebizwa haunted by isixuku sezinhlanya nabalandeli. Empeleni, ngenxa ekuchazweni yabo izintshumayelo kukaJoshuwa, abokugcina babe Kwase kusele kancane sokufa. UJesu utshela uPilatu kwenye Stalker ikakhulukazi esilawulayo, ezilimele kabi amazwi akhe. Igama lakhe Leviy Matvey. Umninimuzi UMargarita ekugcineni efika eside elindelwe ukuthula sibonga kuye.

baxgeki Iningi etemibhalo ukuchaza njengoba antipode kaYeshua Woland. Nokho, kukhona esinye, inguqulo bezijabulisa ngaphezulu. UJesu akayena prototype kaYeshua. I hero Bulgakov - samuntu ubuzenzisi, imaskhi, okuyinto endowed ngomoya guises ezahlukene. Mhlawumbe le nguqulo wazalwa ngenxa izintandokazi zenkolo somlobi. Kodwa yena wayengekho umuntu ophika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu oshisekayo, kodwa hhayi banamathela oda isonto.

UJesu uhlukile iVangeli likaJesu imininingwane ukuzalwa nokuphila futhi yalelozwe. Uye isebangeni yena njengoba isazi sefilosofi, kodwa enovelini it is hhayi ngqo kushiwo. UJoshuwa uthi bonke amadoda zinhle, uJesu uthi iVangeli okuhle nokubi khona ndawonye inhliziyo yomuntu.

Isimo komlobi umlingisi bha. Bulgakov yena uyazwelana futhi ihamba emazwini ukuphana esintwini kaYeshua Nokho, ayiboni nobunkulunkulu kuye futhi akazange abone iphuzu wokuzidela.

izinhlamvu eMoscow

Abalingiswa "The Master noMargarita" ikakhulukazi ukukopishwa bangempela, futhi kwezinye izimo kukhona Parodies abukhali wabo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-prototype Archibald Archibaldovich kwaba Yakov Rozental, yokudlela umphathi waseHerzen indlu (evezwe kule noveli yokudlela Griboyedov indlu).

Esikhathini inoveli, umfundi ubona ukubayisigebengu umqondisi eMoscow Art Theatre Nemirovich-Danchenko ngaphakathi the bombo of Bengal, isiphetho okuyinto uwukwenziwa samuntu umbhali inzondo ukuba baphikise zezombusazwe "ncela-up" (wayethethelela anqunywe ikhanda).

Ezinye Amaqhawe umlobi wayengacabangi ngisho uhlupho ukushintsha amagama. Ngokwesibonelo, e Annushka bangafunda Bulgakov umakhelwane, kanye noDkt Kuzmin empeleni udokotela wengane.

Bulgakov futhi isebenzisa amagama izikhulumi (Likhodeev, Bogohulsky, Barefoot), okuyinto ethatha njengoba incazelo eqondile abalingiswa. "Master noMargarita" - hhayi noveli yokuqala yomlobi, lapho isebenzisa prototypes. Ngokwesibonelo, e "I iWhite Guard", yena sketched isithombe Nikolka ophephela nomfowabo.

UMikhail Bulgakov - umlobi emangalisayo, ukwazi ukusebenza kwelinye ukucula amahle love story, isihloko inkululeko, uphendule ukukhathazeka imibuzo zefilosofi futhi mncane, ngokoqobo ukusikisela, ukudweba skits satirical, izinhlamvu ababe nokungababekezeleli wayesebuthelwa kubantu bakubo.