Alessandro Manzoni: Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nezithombe

Lo muntu ngefa izindima eziningi lokudala. He is imbongi nombhali wamafilimu, futhi umbhali, futhi isishoshovu kwezenhlalo. E-Italy u-Alessandro Manzoni kuyinto iqhawe lesizwe. Nguye waqala ukubonisa kule amanoveli ka ngokoqobo esikhathini esidlule. Ngoba kunabuhle buni Alessandro Manzoni ukhishwa udumo, udumo ukubonakala? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

ebuntwaneni

Alessandro Manzoni wazalwa ngo-March 7, 1785 e-Milan, e-Italy. okhokho baso babengabapristi abakhulu, lo mkhaya nemali eyanele yokuzinakekela kuqala. Bazali, bekhathazekile ngo izikole eziningana, ekugcineni wanika umfana ukuba Barnobitov College, lapho afundela khona inzalo ka-aristocrats. Nokho, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi umfana akabanga ngenkuthalo ngokukhethekile ekuqondeni eyala. Ebuntwaneni Alessandro Manzoni babenjalo ngalezo iminyaka, uma Napoleon Bonaparte inqobe kwasani e-Europe.

Ngokushesha induna ukukhula omncane wawuhlangene isithombe umbhali esizayo. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi, Mandzoni Alessandro eshiya iminyaka eminingi e-dolobha French. Lokhu lula izimo zomkhaya. Ubaba umama womfana bahlukanisa, futhi yena nonina waya eParis. Ngokushesha nomama washada eyindoda ecebile. Kwakuthinta Paris, insizwa ihlangana sefilosofi esaziwayo futhi umbhali. Khuluma nabo aluphumeleli ngaphandle kokushiya nokuncane: Alessandro luvusa isithakazelo izincwadi. Manzoni elincane laqala ukuxhumana nonina, oxhumana ne nobaba babengamaphayona ukungasebenzisi. Ugcine ukubonwa e inzalo yakhe ibonisa ngokuphumelelayo nezinkinga zomshado ochithekile, kungani ungathathi emfundweni indodana iqhaza elibonakalayo. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa entsheni abasha Mandzoni Alessandro awuzange ezungezwe ngokunakekela futhi uthando kubazali babo. Le nsizwa enquma ukuya emuva Milan.

Izinyathelo kuqala ukudalwa

Lapho ngifika ekhaya, le nsizwa iba umfundi wasekolishi Longoni. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu iziqu kulesi sikole futhi unquma ukuhlala endaweni yokuhlala emgwaqeni St noDamiano, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuvakashela indlu yabo yokhokho, elise Awukude Lecco.

Mandzoni Alessandro, ogama biography akwaziwa wonke umuntu, namanje engaxhumani uyise, ngezinye izikhathi kuye wavakashelwa izimbongi Foscolo, Cuoco, Monty. Nge nalokhu kwesibili, kuyoba friendly ikakhulukazi ngisho babefuna ukumlingisa kule umsebenzi.

Trial ibhaluni Alessandro abasha izincwadi angabhekwa Sonnet kwakhe "Self-Portrait," lapho wazama ukuchaza idatha yangaphandle futhi imfanelo yangaphakathi. Le nsizwa wabhala ukuthi amehlo akhe abona bayaxoxa, izinwele ezimnyama kanye ebunzini okusezingeni eliphezulu. Uphinde wathola lo ukuthi ine engadlali ngomsebenzi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo benawo inhliziyo uhlobo.

Omunye umsebenzi ekuseni Manzoni - poemetto "ukunqoba inkululeko." Kulesi umsebenzi, i sonneteer sifisa wagxeka izindlela zokufundisa ukuqondisa izikole nawobaba othisha somaschi Barnobitov. Le nsizwa umangalela le yokugcina ngalolo amagugu kugqugquzelwa kubo ziphambene izimiso French Revolution. Khona-ke, kusukela ngepeni uya Sonnet "On ukuphila uDante." Alessandro wabhala idyll "Adda", lapho wamema ethile engavamile imbongi Vincenzo Monti e yokuhlala umndeni wakhe. Ngemva kwalokho, abafundi bajwayelane "Ukufundisa" eziningana, lapho umlobi ngendlela satirical hleka ukwehla sesimilo emphakathini wanamuhla.

Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wakhe Manzoni uyaqonda ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukubhala "moralizing" umsebenzi okwakuyoholela baphatha umsebenzi kwezemfundo iminyaka eminingi.

Nakulokhu futhi, Paris

Lapho 1805 uyise eshona Alessandro, imbongi ikhetha ukushiya inhlokodolobha French unina. Lapho, yagcwala nakakhulu ne imibono uVoltaire futhi isikhathi esiningi babexhumana izimbongi futhi abalobi. Ngesikhathi Court omphakathi isiFulentshi, wabe wenza yeqhawe ezimbili kombhali. Eyokuqala lwenzelwe isitayela classic, kanti eyesibili ebhala yokudumisa usingababa oshonile Bala Imbonati, ingxenye enkulu yendawo lapho eseke imbongi Italy. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, Mandzoni Alessandro, omsebenzi wakhe kahle aziwayo kwabakhileyo yale nhlonhlo, futhi sebeqala ngicabangisise ngezinto ezibalulekile zenkolo, kuphenduke Catholic yangempela. Nokho, ingxenye ezingokomoya ekuphileni kwawo imbongi sika umkakhe nomthelela.

Ngo 1807 Maestro eseqedile umsebenzi poemetto "Urania", lapho ephinde wagcizelela "zemfundo" Ukuthunywa izinkondlo. Lo msebenzi, wanquma ngokusebenzisa allegories: unkulunkulu Jupiter, azibeke kanye Muses.

idrama ensimini

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yeshumi kwekhulu le-19, u-Alessandro Manzoni kuphetha lokubhala esibuhlungu "Ukubala Carmagnola", okuqukethwe okuyinto ephambene zonke izimiso ka ezincwadini zobuciko. Umkhiqizo ilungisa agumenti evuthayo nokuphikisana.

Ngo 1822 wanyathelisa enye angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa wemidlalo wase-Italy "Adelchi". Umsebenzi wobuciko ligcwele amaqiniso omlando kanye uchaza ngxenye yokugcina Lombard ukubusa e-Italy.

umbhali

Njengoba kakade kugcizelelwe, le womculo eyaduma hhayi kuphela njengoba imbongi nombhali wamafilimu. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi Mandzoni Alessandro - umlobi amanoveli. Ngo-1927 yanyatheliswa umsebenzi esithi "eyingoduso", okuyinto amenza ukuthandwa okukhulu nakakhulu. Lokhu indaba yothando, lapho iphothene izenzakalo zomlando ahlukahlukene, wathandana nesibalo esikhulu abafundi.

ukuphila Siqu

Ekuqaleni lwasungulwa empilweni Alessandro Manzoni komuntu siqu. Kuyinto iqiniso ezithakazelisayo yomlando wakhe. Emuva ngo-1807, wahamba waya Genoa ukuze woo intombazane Luigino Visconti.

Kodwa umshado akazange athathe indawo. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha imbongi kokuhlukana wayekulungele affiance nendodakazi edumile Destin de UTracy. Kodwa lo mzamo ukulungisa impilo yakhe siqu akuphumelelanga. Njengoba omunye okhethiweyo Alessandro Manzoni (umbhali) akhethiwe Enrikettu abasha Blondel, eyise kwakungumuntu umnikazi futhi umsebenzi ezinkulu. Winter 1808 labetibambile emshadweni wabo. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa umndeni waya eParis, futhi ekupheleni 1809 babenesifiso indodakazi - Dzhulieya-uKlawudiyu. Ngemva kokuhlala e-Paris, Alessandro nomkhaya wakhe emuva Milan. Umlobi wazalwa izingane eziningi: Pietro, uChristina, Sofia, u-Enrico Clara, Victoria, Filippo, Matilda.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Njengoba esezinzile izwe lakubo ngo-1810, Manzoni iqala ukuba siphile ukuphila wodwa kanjani, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela ukuvela kokuthi umphakathi. Wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekhaya engadini yabo, ukunakekela cypresses, magnolias futhi hydrangeas.

Ngemva kwesikhashana Alessandro okwadingeka abhekane nakho uchungechunge nezenzakalo ezibuhlungu: eziningi yafa indodakazi kaShuwa lokuqala, futhi 30s kwekhulu le-19, wafa ezinye izingane nonina. Nalo, ushada futhi, kulokhu umfelokazi Ukubala Teresa Borri.

Umlobi wafa Meyi 22, 1873 e-Milan. Yena okuhleliwe emngcwabeni zikanokusho, wakhe ubuhanjelwe izikhulu eziphezulu ze-Italy.