Amafutha angakanani okufanele athululelwe enjini: imiyalo, izincomo

Ngemva kokunciphisa imizwelo yokuqala ngemva kokuthola imoto esalinde isikhathi eside umnikazi wemoto osandula ukulinda amalungiselelo okugcina imoto ngokuhlelekile. Ukushintshwa kwama-lubricant kungenye yezinqubo ezijwayelekile ezidingekayo zokusebenza. Amafutha angakanani kufanele athululelwe enjini, yiyiphi okumele ikhethe nokuthi yenzeni na? Ngenxa yalokho ngokuvamile injini "idla" i-lubricant nendlela yokubhekana nayo? Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo neminye kulesi sihloko.

Ioli yamajini

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-lubricating fluid ye-unit unit iyisizinda samafutha, okungaba:

• Amaminerali;
• I-Semisynthetic;
• Ukusebenzisana.

Ngokuphathelene nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali futhi uhlukanise wonke amafutha omoto.

Ngaphandle kwalesi sici, imingcele efana ne-viscosity (ngokusekelwe emakethe amafutha ngokwe-SAE) kanye nezithasiselo (i-API noma i-AGEA) zibalulekile.

Enye into ebalulekile yila mafutha anconyiwe anikezwa ngabakhiqizi bemoto. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abashayeli abaqaphele lokhu. Into esemqoka enikezwa ukubaluleka isisekelo, i-viscosity kanye nomkhiqizo ozithandayo.

Isizinda samafutha

Ngakho-ke, kutholakala uketshezi lwamaminerali ngesikhathi kusetshenzwa i-petroleum, ukuhlanganiswa kwemithi yamakhemikhali, kanye nokwenziwa komzimba - ngokuxuba amaminerali nokwenziwa.

Abaningi bakhetha i-semisynthetic, becabanga ukuthi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza "isilinganiso samanani."

Inkinga yokungabi nandaba

Ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye zemoto kuwumsebenzi oxazululwa yi- viscosity yamafutha. Ikakhulukazi iphathelene ne-pistons e-cylinder.

Le pharamitha ihlukaniswa ngokusho kwe-SAE, okusho ukuthi i-viscosity ye-oyile yombuso emazingeni ahlukahlukene aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kusho izinga eliphansi nelingaphezulu lapho i-motor ingasebenza khona ngokuphepha nangokuphepha.

Incwadi ephakathi kwezinombolo, isibonelo W, isho ubusika, okuyiNgisi "ebusika". Kodwa egama lamafutha, kusho konke-isimo sezulu, okungukuthi, kungenzeka ukuthi uyisebenzise kokubili ebusika nasehlobo.

Izithasiselo

Izithasiselo ezihlukaniswe yi-API zinemihlobo ehlukene: API SJ, API CF-4, API SJ / CF-4. Kulesi simo, i-S isho uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi kagesi, kanye noC for diesel. Kusobala ukuthi kukhona uketshezi ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye uhlobo lwezimoto, futhi kufanelekile kokubili.

Amafutha engjini ekubusika

Ukwenza injini ilula ukuqala ebusika, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izici. Iningi lama-fluid lubricating asetshenziswa eRussia konke-kunomsoco. Kodwa ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi amafutha anconyiwe enjini ebanda kakhulu kufanele abe okukhethekile, njengoba imibandela yokusebenza ebusika ihlukile ehlobo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kube nemingcele eminingi, njengezincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto, amandla okugqoka nokugqoka, unyaka wokukhiqizwa komshini, uhlobo oluhlelekile nemvelo yokusebenza, njalonjalo.

Isibonelo, uma imoto ihlala egalaji efudumele futhi isetshenziswa kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umnini kufanele acabange ngokushintsha amafutha ngalesi sikhathi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma imoto ingekho esimweni esihle kakhulu, khona-ke akukho mafutha abizayo azoyilondoloza. Kulesi simo, ukulungiswa kuphela kuyadingeka.

Yebo, izimoto zanamuhla ezisesimweni esihle kakhulu, kungcono ukungagcini kumafutha. Khona-ke le moto izohlala isikhathi eside futhi ibe ngcono.

Amafutha angakanani kufanele athulwe ku injini

Ukuze uphendule ngokunembile lo mbuzo, udinga ukwazi nokwenza imodeli yemoto, ngoba umshini ngamunye ivolumu ingahluka. Ulwazi lungasuswa encwadini yokusebenza yemoto, equkethe idatha ngobuningi obudingekayo. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nokuthola lolu lwazi, ngokujwayelekile abanikazi bamoto ngokuvamile abaphathi ngaphandle kobunzima.

Amafutha angakanani okufanele athululelwe enjini? Emva kwakho konke, okujwayelekile kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile.

Uma uthatha imoto yasekhaya, khona-ke umthamo we injini kusuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.5 amalitha kuyodinga amalitha amathathu nengxenye yamafutha. Ngakho-ke, amalitha amathathu athululelwa okokuqala, bese emva kwemizuzu embalwa, emva kokuhlola imitha, inani elisele lengeziwe. Ezingeni elincani, kancane kancane lenezelwa ezingxenyeni ezincane kuze kutholakale izinga elidingekayo.

Ngezimoto zokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe, amafutha anesimo esifanayo semishini, njengombuso, adinga okungaphezulu - kusuka ku-4.2 kuya ku-4.4 amalitha. Gcwalisa ngendlela efanayo ne-refueling izimoto zasendlini.

Ukukhipha amanzi e-VAZ

Amafutha esakhiweni seVAZ, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, athululelwa enani lamalitha amathathu nengxenye. Noma kunjalo, inani lokubiza liphakeme futhi lingama-3.7 amalitha. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi unake amanothi amancane futhi aphezulu kunoma yiliphi i-dipstick, kuye ngokuthi yini futhi wengeze inani elidingekile. Uma ushintsha, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha wonke amafutha. Ngakho-ke, ivolumu encane iyadingeka, ekhonjiswa umenzi.

Amafutha wejini injini

Ngokwesilinganiso, ngezimoto, inani lihluka kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-25 000 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-mileage enconyiwe, kufanele futhi ucabangele imingcele efana nesitayela sokushayela, uhlobo kanye nekhwalithi yephethiloli. Uma amafutha asetshenziselwe isikhathi eside, ukushisa kufanele kugwenywe, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu linomphumela omubi kuwo.

Uma injini "idla" ibhotela

Uma kunamafutha ahlale esinciphisa injini, imbangela ingase ifihliwe noma ngezinga elibi noma ezinkingeni zezimoto ezivela.

Lapho injini "idla" amafutha, ungayengeza kaningi phezu kwesigaba esincane. Kodwa ngalendlela inkinga ayixazululwa, kodwa isikhathi esichithayo kuphela uma ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokulungiswa kweyunithi yamandla kuyadingeka. Uma ukusetshenziswa okunjalo okuhahayo kungathintanga nekhwalithi ye-lubricating fluid, imbangela ingase ifihleke ekushiseni emagqumeni noma ukuvuza ngokusakaza okubi.

Ukufudumala kulula ukubona ngokubheka umbala wegesi zokukhipha. Uma bane-bluish tint, inkinga ikhona emasongweni okususa amafutha. Ngisho noma ungena injini bese ubheka ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kombono omnyama obunzima, ungabonisa leli phutha. Isixazululo kulokhu kungaba yinye kuphela - ukushintshwa okuphelele kokubili kokukhipha amafutha kanye nokuncintisana amasongo.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, imbangela yokusebenza kabi kungase kube, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izimpawu ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-gaskets. Ngokuvamile yizimpawu zenjoloba ezilahlekelwa impahla yazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulesi simo, u-oyela ugeleza ngokujwayelekile emhlanganisweni phakathi kwe-crankcase kanye ne-cylinder block noma i-cylinder bank strip kanye nekhava lesikhathi.

Izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kubangelwa ukulimala kwamachibi amafutha we-crankshaft ne-camshaft. Khona-ke u-oyela ugeleza futhi ungabona imidwebo kuwo uma imoto ihlale isikhashana endaweni yokupaka.

Kungcono ukuxhumana nesikhungo sobuchwepheshe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Khona-ke ukulungiswa kungenza ngokungazelelwe. Futhi lapho kwenzeka ukuthi le nkinga iqaliswe, ukungasebenzi kahle okuncane kuyoholela ekuphazamiseni okungathí sina, futhi ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okuphawulekayo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuphatha.

Kodwa kungase kwenzeke nokuthi amafutha agcwaliswe, okungahambisani ne-viscosity enconyiwe imoto ethize. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho namafutha enjini kakhulu ayenamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvikelwa okudingekile akunikeziwe kuma-cylinders, futhi uqobo luqala ukushisa.

Okuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha: kuwo wonke amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu ukuya kuzinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ukusuka kumakhilomitha ayikhulu kuya kwamakhulu amabili. Uma kunjalo, ngekhilomitha elinikeziwe uye wathululela uketshezi oluthe xaxa, ungaxoxa ngezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-motor.

Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kogesi kungasetshenziselwa ukungasebenzi okukhulu. Kodwa awukwazi ukushiya inkinga ngaphandle kokunaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqoka kwamasongo kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi kuthinta nokusetshenziswa kwamagesi.

Ezinye izimbangela zokuvuza kwe-lubricant

Ngaphezu kwalokho okutholakala kaningi futhi kuchazwe ngenhla, kungase kube nezinye izizathu, uma ukwazi ukuthi amafutha kufanele athulwe kanjani injini ngendlela evamile futhi uqinisekise lokhu, kufanele uwungeze kabanzi:

• Isistimu yokulawula okuningi yokuphuza yaphulwa;
• I-sensor level sensor sensor ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo;
• Isici sokuhlunga asihlanganisiwe;
• Amafutha amaningi kakhulu athululelwa, ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi yawo yokusebenza iyanda - ngenxa yalokhu, umthwalo emasongweni kanye nebhokisi lokugxilisa, elingasenakusetshenziswa, futhi liyanda;
• Ukungasebenzisi ukusetshenziswa kwezokuthutha isikhathi eside, lapho, ngenxa yokuphumula, izici zokugcizelela nge-gaskets zingoma;
• Ukuphuza umoya okuncane - uma amagesi eqoqwe ku-crankcase, ukucindezelwa ohlelweni kuyoba okubalulekile futhi kuzokhipha amandla okusetshenziswa.

Ngakho-ke, manje kucacile ukuthi kuyadingeka amafutha amanani injini uma kushintsha futhi ukusika ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile. Uma kuningi okudingekayo ngenkathi kusebenza, lokhu kubonisa izinkinga ezikhulayo ezixazululwa kangcono ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvela kwamanye amazwe.