UkuzibandakanyaUkwakhiwa

Amapayipi akhonkolo aqinisiwe: ingcindezi namapayipi angewona ukucindezela

Amapayipi e-Ferroconcrete, naphezu kokutholakala kwemikhiqizo yensimbi yanamuhla nemikhiqizo ye-polymeri, awayekanga ukuphakanyiswa. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukufaka imigwaqo emikhulu. Bangakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo.

Ububanzi besicelo

Amapayipi okhonkolo aqinisekisiwe avamile kubunjiniyela bomphakathi. Ngokuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubeka ama-septic tanks, lapho izidakamizwa nezimboni zasemakhaya zihamba ngayo. Ngenxa yokuthi amapayipi anjalo anesisindo esibalulekile, asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufakwa kwabathelisi abakhulu. Zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlelweni kwezinhlelo zokudoba izikhukhula. Amapayipi anjalo angaba nephrofayili ehlukile, evumela ukuthi basetshenziselwe ukukhuphula izakhiwo ezihlukene ngohlobo lwezinsizakalo, izisekelo kanye nokuningi okuningi.

Izinhlobo zamapayipi akhonkolo aqinisiwe

Amapayipi akhonkolo aqinisekisiwe ahlukaniswa ngokwezinye izindlela. Ngakho-ke, zingaba ingcindezi. Imikhiqizo enjalo isetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi ngamandla adonsela phansi. Akuvumelekile ukuwasebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandakanya ukucindezela okukhulu kweziphuzo. Noma kunjalo, amapayipi anjalo angakwazi ukuthatha imithwalo ephakeme yemishini, futhi abe nezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu.

Ukuhlelwa kwesibili kwamapayipi okukhonkolo kunamikhiqizo engcindezi esetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwemigwaqo esebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu ngendlela yokucindezelwa kwangaphakathi. Le mikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, okubandakanya ukuqaliswa kokuklabanisa, ukuthuthukisa izici zekhwalithi. Amapayipi ekhonkolo aqinisekisiwe anesibindi esikhulu samadonga, ngezinye izikhathi afinyelela ku-10% ngokuphathelene nobubanzi obungaphakathi.

Kukhona amapayipi enenjongo ekhethekile, ububanzi obungafinyelela izikhathi ezingu-2 ubude obude bu-5 m. Imikhiqizo enjalo inamandla kakhulu. Ngokuqondene namapayipi okucindezela, angaba nokuguqulwa okukodwa kwezine ngaphansi kwengcindezi (ama-atmospheres ama-5-20), asetshenziselwa uketshezi okungafani nomphakathi ohlukumezayo. Ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo evamile, ububanzi bayo buphakathi kuka-40-160 cm.

Amapayipi akhonkolo aqinisekisiwe ahlukaniswa ngokusho kokujula okukhulu kwenqwaba. Kunezinhlangano ezi-3, ngasinye esithatha ibanga ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba ngaphakathi kwe-2, 4 no-6 m.

Ipayipi ye-Spigot yokukhonkolo

Ipayipi elinjalo libukeka njengeplastiki yendabuko noma i-cast iron sewer. Ukuze wenze ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo enjeziwe, izimpawu kufanele zisetshenziswe. Imikhiqizo yohlu oluyi-socket lugqoke nje, lokhu kwenza kube yinto evamile kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ububanzi bamajoyina bukhulu kunomthamo omkhulu. Imikhiqizo enjalo ingaba ingcindezi noma ingekho ingcindezi.

Ukumaketha kwemikhiqizo ekhonkolo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi imikhiqizo phambi kwakho - ukuqinisa amapayipha okhonkolo, ama-spigots angewona ukucindezela noma abanye, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukumaka. Ngakho-ke, izibalo zokuqala, ezingabonakala kwimikhiqizo engagxilile enehlombe, ikhombisa ukubaluleka kwesigaba sangaphakathi, idatha iboniswa ngamamitha. Nakuba ngenhlanganisela yesibili umuntu angaqonda ukuthi ubude bhubhu buyini, ngukuthi, ngendlela, echazwe ekunqumeni. Isibalo sokugcina singumthamo wokuthwala, okukhombisa ukujula okuvumelekile kokufakwa.

Uma i-pipe culvert ikhonkrithi egcizelelwe ingasetshenziselwa ukubeka uhlelo lwekhanda lokucindezela, khona-ke kuyoba yisifingqo sencwadi TN. Uma kukhona umgqomo epayipi, isisodwa noma isiteshi sokukhokha kuso, ungabona ukumaka kwe-TB, TP, TS, ngokulandelanayo. Kodwa imikhiqizo ehlanjwe ingaba nezimpawu ezilandelayo: TF, DFT, TBPP, TO, FC kanye nabanye.

Imikhiqizo yemikhiqizo w / w

Ama-non-pressure noma ama-pipeline aphikisiwe e-ferro-ukhonkolo anezinzuzo eziningi, okuqala okusho ukuthi amandla amakhulu nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo. Lezi zimfanelo zibangelwa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokukhiqiza. Ukukhishwa kwe-centrifugal okwenza kube lula ukuthola imikhiqizo enjalo eqinile. Phakathi nokukhiqizwa, i-vibrocompression nayo isetshenziswa. Izinzuzo ezengeziwe zamapayipi wekhonkrithi oqinisiwe ayizindleko ezingenasidingo, okuchazwa yizindleko eziphakeme kakhulu ekukhiqizeni; Futhi ikhono lokushintsha izinguquko zokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi angasebenza ngezinga lokushisa elikhulu. Zingasetshenziswa ezimweni zangaphandle ezinzima. Ukukhonjwa akuzibolekisi ukubola, futhi akubola, okubangela abathengi ukuba bakhethe kaningi kunsimbi. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezobuchwepheshe yizimfanelo zesimiso sezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu kusiza ukuqeda amaphethelo ajikelezayo. Izokhonza imikhiqizo enjalo ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.

I-Cons of amapayipi akhonkolo aqinisekisiwe

Ama-pipro-non-pressure ne-pressure-concrete ayengabheki. Ngezinye izikhathi ukufakwa kwabo, kunesidingo sokusebenzisa isipesheli ekhethekile, okwenza umsebenzi ubiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezinga elibushelelezi lokuphuza uketshezi kwezinye izimo, kunesidingo sokugcoba indawo yangaphakathi yamapayipi ngokubunjwa okhethekile, okubandakanya abasebenzi abengeziwe.

I-GOST 6482-88

Izindlela zokukhiqiza zilawulwa yi-GOST: amapayipi akhonkolo aqinisekisiwe ngokuvumelana nawo kumele ahlangabezane nezici zokungena kwamanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele abe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-hydrostatic ngaphakathi kwe -0.05 MPa. Ikhonkri kufanele imelane nesithwathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo samapayipi kufanele sibe yikhonkri esindayo, elungiselelwe ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 26633, amandla ayo okucindezelayo kufanele alingane ne-B25.

Amandla okucindezela okukhulunywe ngawo angashintshwa, kodwa ukuphambuka okuhamba ngaphezu kwemingcele ye-GOST 13015.0 ayamukeleki. Ukumelana kwamanzi wezindonga zamapayipi kufanele kufane nesigaba W4. Ukungena kwamanzi akufanele kudlule u-6% ngesisindo. Njengengqimba yokuqinisa , insimbi A-I ne-A-III (GOST 5781) ingasetshenziswa.

Izimpawu zamapayipi akhonkolo aqinisiwe

Zonke izici ezibonakalayo zamapayipayipi akhonkolo aqinisiwe zilawulwa yi-GOST ekhonjiwe, amapayipi akhonjiwe angagudluki okukhonjiwe akufanele aphule ezindongeni, ngaphandle kwalokho angeke asetshenziswe emsebenzini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuqhuma kwe-shrinkage kubonakala, ububanzi bawo abudlulele ku-0.05 mm. Ukugcwala kunqunywa ngamanani. Ngakho-ke, amapayipi abizwa nge-TB, i-TSP, i-TBP, ne-TC kufanele athengiswe futhi ahanjiswe kumthengi kanye namasongo okugqiniswa kwe-raber-seal. Ikhwalithi nayo inqunywa ngokufaneleka kokumaketha, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ulandela ngokucacile imithetho echazwe ku-GOST. Ukumaketha kuzosetshenziselwa indawo yangaphandle yesokhethi, ukubizwa kungase kube sekugcineni kwesibhubhu esikhuphukile.

Amadayimitha amapayipi okhonkolo aqinisekisiwe aphezulu futhi ahlukene kakhulu. Ukuze kubekwe uhlelo oluthile, ungakhetha imikhiqizo ngemingcele ethile. Ungacabangi ukuthi uma kufanele usebenzise imali kwizinto ezisindayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa , uhlelo luzobiza kakhulu kunalokho okusekelwe emipayipi evela kwenye into. Phela, amapayipi okhonkolo akwazi ukuziphindisela ngesikhathi sokuphila, ngaphandle kokudinga isikhathi eside.

Amapayipi isikebhe se-ferro-okhonkolo esilungele ngokwanele ekugodini, ngenxa yalesi sizathu basebenzisa njalo, kodwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kokuzimela kokusebenza kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe.

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