Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana amagciwane: Uhlolojikelele, incazelo kanye nohlobo

Ngempilo webhaktheriya waqala eplanethini yethu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi zonke kuzophela. Running ihlaya ukuthi lapho njengabafokazi sengifunde Earth, abakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi ubani umnini wayo wangempela - umuntu noma imbewu eletha. Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana amagciwane ezikhethwe ngezansi.

Kuyini amagciwane?

Igciwane - umzimba elehlukile, siqukethe esitokisini futhi liphindaphindeke sokuhlukanisa. I indawo evumayo, kunamathuba amaningi okuthi kungenzeka ihlukaniswe. La magciwane bahlala akubo bonke abahlala, kanye emanzini, ukudla, imithi ezibolile, ezitshalweni.

Lolu hlu akugcini. Bacilli ukusinda kahle ngezihloko ezithinta abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-handrail on izithuthi zomphakathi, kwi isibambo imbala, emaphethelweni ipensela. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo amagciwane esisanda kutholakala ososayensi American University of Arizona. Ngokusho imibono yabo on Mars siphile bacterium "ithule". Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi leli ingenye bonakaliso khona kokuphila kwamanye amaplanethi, ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wabo, ama-bacterium alien kungaba "avuselele" emhlabeni.

silwanyana Okokuqala kuhlolwa ngesibonakhulu optical usosayensi Dutch Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. zinhlobo Okwamanje eyaziwayo bacilli, kukhona kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili. Bonke zingahlukaniswa zibe:

• eziyingozi;
• eziwusizo;
• hlangothi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo silwa ezimbi ngokuvamile ezuzisayo futhi singathathi hlangothi. Lona omunye izizathu ezijwayeleke kakhulu ngenxa lapho umuntu egula.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu

Nezilwanyana ezincane basafunda, ukuthola ukusetshenziswa ngabo, kodwa futhi ufunde indlela yokubhekana izimuncagazi elimazayo. Phakathi nocwaningo, ososayensi baye bathola amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana amagciwane:

1. 5 uhlala emhlabeni quintillion nezilwanyana ezincane (5 * 10 nantathu). Lena izikhathi eziningi ephakeme kunaleyo isibalo sabantu nezilwane emhlabeni.
2. Bacillus namagciwane - kukhona omqondofana ukuthi zivela ngezilimi ezahlukene. Igciwane - igama lesiGreki elisho imbewu eletha - Latin.
3. Ama-bacterium ukuhogela.
4. Snowflakes kanye frost kumiswa izitshalo usebenzisa bacilli ekhethekile.
5. amagciwane eqandisiwe lasendulo kungenziwa wavuseleleka.
6. Igciwane enkulu kungabonwa ngaphandle ngesibonakhulu. Lokhu pearl Namibian sulfuric, isifinyelele izilinganiso 0.75 amamilimitha angu.
7. umlomo womuntu yokuhlala 40,000 izimuncagazi. Lapho ngokwanga sidlulile 30 abayizinkulungwane. 5% we kule nombolo kungaholela ukugula.
8. Kukhona ama-bacterium "ukudla" trinitrotoluene. Ngalo, ososayensi ufuna ukuxazulula inkinga ami.
9. I-Japanese bahlala amabhaktheriya esiswini ezibasiza inhlabamkhosi zonke kwasolwandle ezaziwayo.
10. On kunjalo umakhalekhukhwini uhlala izimuncagazi ezingaphezu kuka ngaphansi usebe we isitsha yangasese.

Ngokuvamile, izinto eziphilayo owumphumela ezihilelekile kuzo zonke izinqubo zokuphila.

Ama-bacterium abantu

Ngemva kokuzalwa umuntu ezweni egcwele izilokazane ezincane ezahlukene. Ezinye ukumsiza ukusinda, abanye abangela izifo.

Iningi amaqiniso kumnandi ezithakazelisayo mayelana amagciwane kanye nabanye:

1. Kwaphela izinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka abantu basebenzisa acidosis acid amagciwane kuzobazuzisa. Ngosizo lwabo, wenza ushizi, iyogathi, zonke izinhlobo yogurts ngisho uviniga.
2. Ngo ithimba nezilwanyana ezincane madoda wande ngokwengeziwe futhi ngokushesha.
3. "Knock phansi" ukushisa kanye ungayeka kabusha amagciwane insimbi. Yena oyingqayizivele kuthinta ubuchopho bomuntu, isixhumanisi DNA host futhi amagciwane izitobhi.
4. Odokotela kwekhulu lama-21 baye bafakazela ukuthi inqolobane nama-bacterium awusizo ungaphakathi appendicitis. It kuvela umzimba, okuyinto ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze babephathwa ngakho kabi, kuyasiza umzimba ukuthuthukisa nokuvikeleka.
5. Ezinye amagciwane bangambulala flora pathogenic emlonyeni ukulwa ukubola kwamazinyo. Njengoba nje behlala kuphela imihlathi ingwenya, kodwa ososayensi uhlela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuwela alawa magciwane nge bifidobacteria. Mhlawumbe ukuxubha ekuseni uzokwazi esikhundleni yogurt.
6. Umzimba womuntu yokuhlala oda 2 amakhilogramu kwamagciwane. Iningi lazo abahlala esiswini.

It kuvela, njengoba imbewu eletha elaphe umuntu ngokuphelele, nokubhubhisa zinhlobo yethu. Okwamanje, kukhona kakade isikhali yemvelo kanye ubuthi virus.

Njengoba ama-bacterium aye wasisiza ngayo ukuba usinde?

Nazi ezinye amaqiniso ethakazelisayo amagciwane okunenzuzo ukuba indoda:

• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-bacilli ukuvikela abantu engezwani;
• ngemagciwane kungenziwa ilahlwe kwenkhukhuma leyingoti (isb imikhiqizo kaphethiloli);
• ngaphandle nezilwanyana ezincane ezingabonakali indoda emathunjini ngeke ezisekhona.

It kuvela ukuthi kukude wonke amaqiniso ethakazelisayo bacterium abantu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi nezilwanyana ezincane bayasizwa ukuze usinde uhlobo Homo sapiens. Lezi izilokazane ezincane basuke ngokoqobo abantu wadala isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Lapho Homo sapiens kwesokunxele kuleli zwekazi, wathatha i-amagciwane namagciwane. Ingabe AmaNeanderthal yena, ayibanga nokuvikeleka izimuncagazi, ngakho abakwazanga ukuba basinde kule ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngisho ngaphandle hassles wabantu yesimanje, AmaNeanderthal ngabe washona ngenxa yalesi sifo.

Indlela ukutshela izingane mayelana bacilli?

Izingane zilungele ukukhuluma mayelana bacilli kakade 3-4 iminyaka. Ukuze idlulisele kahle ulwazi olufanele ukutshela amaqiniso ethakazelisayo amagciwane. Ezinganeni, isibonelo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baqonde ukuthi kukhona amagciwane okuhle nokubi. Iziphi izinto ezinhle ezingaba ujike ubisi ibe inhlama isibilile kubhakwa. Futhi, zisiza ekugayeni ukudla esiswini.

Ukunakwa kufanele zikhokhelwe amagciwane okubi. Tshela ukuthi mancane kakhulu, ngakho akekho ongazibona. Lokho, eba phakathi komzimba womuntu, amagciwane kusheshe eziningi, futhi baqala ukudla kithi kusuka ngaphakathi.

Ingane kumele bazi ukuthi amagciwane abanga okubi abanjwe emzimbeni kudingeka:

• Geza izandla zakho ngemva kokusebenzisa ezitaladini nangaphambi kokudla.
• Musa udle amaswidi amaningi kakhulu.
• Ukubeka imigomo.

Kungcono ukukhombisa amabhaktheriya ngosizo izithombe nama-encyclopedia.

Yini bonke abantu kufanele bazi ukuthi lo mfundi?

Nge Enganeni endala kungcono ukukhuluma hhayi mayelana amagciwane namagciwane ukukhuluma. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo kubalulekile abafundi ukuba ngiphikisane naye. Okungukuthi, ukhuluma ngokubaluleka ukugeza izandla, ungakwazi ukutshela ukuthi iphatha zangasese siphile 340 amakoloni kwamagciwane ayingozi.

Can ndawonye ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iziphi amagciwane abangela izimbotshana. Umfundi likutshele ukuthi inani elincane ushokoledi kuyalithinta elwa namagciwane.

Ngisho nezingane zesikole junior uzokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yini wokugoma. Lona uma umzimba sifakwe esincane igciwane noma amagciwane omzimba onqobayo yabo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhulisa wokugoma.

Kakade ebuntwaneni Kudingeka siqaphele ukuthi ezweni amagciwane - kuyinto sonke, engakaze wafunda ngokugcwele, izwe. Futhi ngenkathi kukhona alawa magciwane, kukhona lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa uqobo.