Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana Bunin

Umlobi, intatheli, imbongi kanye umhlaziyi Ivan Bunin angabhekwa igugu kwezincwadi Russian. Wayengumuntu oludonsa, njalo yena wazikhethela indlela yakhe. Angizange iqhaza kunoma iyiphi ukuhamba tetemibhalo, ikakhulukazi akazibandakanyi party, ucabangela engamukeleki art ukuxuba kanye nezombusazwe.

Lesi sihloko sinokusikisela amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana Bunin, okuyinto eziningi encwadini yomlando wakhe. Ngezansi umfundi bajwayelane nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi umbhali.

Izingane kanye nentsha

Umlobi esizayo wazalwa 10/10/1870, lo (isitayela ubudala) e Voronezh, lapho abazali bakhe ufikelwa izingane ezindala. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Bunin ezihlobene ngokuyinhloko ivelaphi, ngoba kwakungezesizwana umndeni lasendulo ezihloniphekayo, ogama izimpande ubuyele emuva ezijulile eNkathini Ephakathi.

Nokho, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, umndeni ubudala ezidumile futhi iyahlonishwa ahlukile ye-oda waba mpofu, kanjalo Ivan ebuntwaneni okwenzeka epulazini elincane, lapho ukubeka omunye izigodi umndeni zamaKhosi. Ezemfundo abafana wahlanganyela uthisha ekhaya - umfundi eMoscow University. Naye Vanya ukuthi banobuhlobo obuhle, bese Bunin eliyingqayizivele ngokufudumele of umeluleki wakhe wokuqala, sibonga kuye hhayi kuphela ngenxa sizindza lesicinile ulwazi, kodwa futhi ubungane.

Ukukhunjulwa Kwalabo amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila Bunin, omunye singakhohlwa ukuthi unekhono insizwa Eletskii ngaphandle kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Kwezinye izifundo (ozithandayo) nalo ngokushesha lidlule izifundo ezigcwele inyuvesi. Ezifundweni wabasiza ngempela umfowabo omdala uJulius.

Umugqa wokuqala

Ukuqoqa imvuthuluka amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo mayelana Bunin, izincwadi zolwazi wathola ukuthi uqambe kwaqala ekuqaleni kakhulu - njengoba ekuseni njengoba iminyaka 6 ubudala. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa, wabhala inkondlo yakhe yokuqala. Amanothi, eyayiqhutshwa umbhali, wavuma ukuthi uzifanisa nge Lermontov futhi Pushkin.

Umfutho Awakening ithalente Ivan ubiza ithonya elihle uthisha wakhe wokuqala, ngubani esamethula nebuthelelo "izimbongi English" futhi incwadi ethi "The Odyssey." A okuvelayo ku ingane onamakhono kwadingeka Folk songs, tinganekwane, temdzabu, izakhamuzi zendawo we Hamlet. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni ubuntu zokudala.

Ngaphezu ithalente kwezincwadi Ivan kancane ngaba omunye umfana kwezobuciko kakhulu. Yena akuveza ngokuphimisa hlabelela izinkondlo lakhe. Lapho esekhulile, ubuye enhle kakhulu wokufundwayo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, isisusa siqu ngisho izilaleli dullest.

Ekuqaleni

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, amaqiniso athakazelisayo okuyinto ezibekwe isihloko esanyatheliswa okokuqala eminyakeni engu-16. Esemncane ezinjalo, wambeka phambi kwabo abafundi imisebenzi ovuthiwe futhi elibalulekile: izinkondlo "yasemaphandleni umpofu," "Yithuna S. Ya Nadsona," izindaba "Nefedka", "uzulane Amabili".. Kuyinto nalezi imisebenzi waqala ibanga elide futhi zizale ukuba abe iqhawe izincwadi.

Ngo-1889, umlobi abasha benamandla imibono wamavukelambuso-yeningi futhi bajoyine ukunyakaza populists. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu akayijabulelanga e izenzo nezazi ezinkulu, futhi ukuthuthela kude ke. Ivan sathuthela edolobheni of Eagle. Lapha uqala ukushicilela "Orlovsky iGazethi".

iqoqo yakhe yokuqala izinkondlo eshicilelwe ngo-1891. Wayelethwa ngomdlandla etholwe baxgeki futhi umphakathi ukufunda.

umsebenzi ethelayo

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela ukuphila Bunin ezihlobene ekuhambeleni kwakhe e-1895, Petersburg naseMoscow. Lapha ehlangana elite zokudala - Bryusov, Grigorovich, Kuprin, laseChekhov, Sologub futhi Balmont. Bona injected kube simondzawo ezinkulu tetemibhalo, lapho imbongi kanye nesazi is lula futhi kube ngokwemvelo ahlanganisiwe.

Bunin wahola ukuxhumana siqu Antonom Pavlovichem Chehovym, owambiza ngokuthi "umlobi okukhulu." Thixo waso kwakuyindishi Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy. Ivan A. wancenga izilaleli zakhe futhi ngajabula ukuhlangana mathupha ne master omkhulu Russian yamagama.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Ivan Bunin ngo-1896, kulekelelwa imiphumela yomsebenzi wakhe wokuhumusha. Phakathi nale nkathi izwe wayibona le nguqulo bokubeka umsebenzi "INgoma Hiawatha" okuyiwona Bunin waklonyeliswa Pushkin Prize bezinga lokuqala. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, uJohane naye wabafundisa yena ngesiNgisi.

Ngo-1897 wakhipha umqulu incwadi yokuqala yomlobi - "Ekupheleni emhlabeni", e 1898 - ". Ngaphansi esibhakabhakeni evulekile" iqoqo izinkondlo, Lezi ovele kakhulu ezilinganiswe baxgeki kanye nomphakathi.

Ngo-1900 inyatheliswe indaba "apula Antonovsky". Wayelethwa wathola ambiguously. Ngokwesibonelo, Maxim Gorky, ethi umusa kumbhali izincwadi, ngokucijile wamkhuza kokuba yilungu lomkhaya zasebukhosini. Bunin ngokuvamile wagxeka "abazalwa yizicukuthwane" ukuthi akakholelwa anakekele. Abaphila Besikhathi - nabalandeli kanye ababeshisekela - abavume umbono ukuthi Ivan kwaba khukhumala eziyinqaba. Wayengumuntu elula ngobuqotho.

isihambi

Ukuqhubeka ukwethula amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Bunin, omunye singakhohlwa ukuthi umlobi inkanuko uyakuthanda ukuhamba. Wajabulela ngokuvakashela izindawo ezintsha, ukuhlangana nabantu abasha, ngisho nendlela yabo yokuphila namasiko.

Ivan wahambela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu: eJalimane, e-Italy, eSwitzerland, France. Amaningi aya eCaucasus, esamenza umjikelezo "Izinyoni Shadow" futhi indaba "amanzi amaningi."

umbhali Loved e-Afrika nase-Asia, uye kude naseduze.

ukuqashelwa international

Abantu abaningi bayamangala biography engenakulibaleka Bunin, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo ngaye. Ingasaphathwa yokuthi Bunin - umbhali wokuqala Russian ophumelele uMklomelo KaNobel. Lo mklomelo okusezingeni eliphezulu wathola ngoNovemba 1933. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ifikile. Imisebenzi yakhe yashicilelwa eYurophu. ukuthandwa kombhali yayina kakhulu.

ukuphila Siqu

Engenakulibaleka biography Bunin. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ezihambisana hhayi kuphela indlela yokudala, kodwa futhi ne ukuphila siqu somlobi. Wayeshadile kathathu.

umshado wakhe wokuqala nentombazane Varvara Pascenco akuphumelelanga. Abantu abasha musa yokuthola ulimi olulodwa futhi bagcina behlukanisile. Ukuze Bunin yadumala enkulu ukuthi Varvara ngokushesha kwavela ngemva kwesehlukaniso ukushada umngane wakhe omkhulu.

Unkosikazi umbhali yesibili baba amtoti ngesiGreki Anna Tsakni. Emshadweni, indodana, uNicholas, ngubani, wayejabula kakhulu Bunin. Umfana wafa eneminyaka engu-5 kusukela scarlet fever. Unkosikazi umbhali kwesokunxele. Izingane ezingaphezu Ivan wayengekho.

unkosikazi Okwesithathu nothando ziyiqiniso Vera Muromtseva. Wayengeyena nje owesifazane Bunin, kodwa umngane wakhe, umngane wakhe. Nge kuwo akafumananga ukuthula nenjabulo. Ngemva kokufa umbhali ngo-1953, wabhalela memoir "Life Bunin, 'yabheka zomlando yakhe, ukulungiselela lo mbhalo wesandla ukushicilelwa.