Apreli 15 - Day yolwazi semvelo. umlando iholide

Usongo lwezigebengu enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo - omunye izinkinga zamazwe omhlaba onke lesintu. Engelona iqiniso ekhona ngale imithombo awapheli, isimo sengqondo pragmatic maqondana nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ngibeké ukuba khona abantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo wasongelwa. Eqaphela le ngozi ukuthi isimo siyini, amalungu UN ngo-1992 wasungula usuku samaholide: Apreli 15 - Day yolwazi semvelo.

Kuyini ngemvelo?

Lemvelo (kusukela lesiGreki "isayensi ndawo.") - isifundo esiphathelene nokuxhumana womuntu nezinye izidalwa, imvelo. Futhi secrete ngemvelo womuntu, okuyinto etadisha izinkinga labantu, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo impilo homo Sapiens, samakhono abantu.

ulwazi kwemvelo

Ngokuthi ulwazi kwemvelo izakhiwo, lo ezihlukahlukene izinto kanye izenzakalo yemvelo. Lokhu kubhekisela nakwazi ukuthi ukwakha kanjani bukhoma, magciwane ayanda, kanye search for izindlela elilungile ukuze alondoloze ukhona izimo ezivuna bonke abakhileyo emhlabeni.

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo kwemvelo kuyadingeka ukuba ngamunye wethu ukufunda ukuvikela imvelo. Yingakho ngo-Ephreli 15, uSuku ulwazi emvelweni - usuku efanele bonke abantu emhlabeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa ngemvelo njengoba isayensi

indoda lwasekuqaleni ibhekwa yena njengengxenye emhlabeni engaphansi ngokuphelele phezu izakhi, ngakho waphoqeleka ukuba ukubukela kwenzekani emhlabeni, ukwenza izinto ngokuvamile aphansi. Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana amaphethini ezenzeka ngokwemvelo kwakungafanele elikushoyo ngezindaba zesayensi, kodwa yaba nomthelela ukusinda kwabantu. amaqiniso gqwa kancane kancane savela ohlelweni.

Ngenjongo ukuphenya nezidalwa waqala endulo. Umthombo wokuqala, ilandisa ngokuphila izinhlanzi, izilwane, izinyoni, baba imisebenzi ka-Aristotle, "Umlando Izilwane". Umbhali uyazinaka yokuphila nobuhlobo abafowethu abasebasha bemvelo yakhe. Lezi zinkinga nazo tifundziswe imisebenzi uTheophrastus noPliny Omdala.

Sinesithakazelo esikhulu ekutadisheni imvelo ithuthukiswe Yempucuko. Ososayensi ngenkuthalo bacubungula yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene bezwe bomdabu, nezinye umhlaba, evulekile abahambi okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa kuqala emvelweni okuhleliwe Robert Boyl. Inhloso cwaningo ukunquma umphumela umfutho womoya endleleni yokuphila kwezilwane.

Kamuva, ithonya yizici zemvelo phezu eziphilayo ufundwa Carl Onomusa, Buffon, JB Lamarck, ososayensi we-Russian Academy of Sciences. Igama elithi "ngemvelo" yaqale ehlongozwayo ngu Ernst Haeckel. Njengoba olwazini ezimele yezesayensi ngemvelo kwamiswa ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. ukuqhubeka isifundiso ukuxhumana umzimba kanye imvelo elihlobene ne amagama KA Timiryazeva VV Dokuchaeva F. Clemens, VN Sukachev.

Isayensi iye yasungula indlela entsha VI Vernadsky. Usosayensi wethula umqondo wegama elithi "noosphere", okubhekise isimo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, kwakheka bedle engqondo umsebenzi wabantu. Amandla ashukumisa ukuqhubeka lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni iba ingqondo, okuyinto ebekiwe ukuhlelwa kabusha "imvilophi uyaphila" planethi ukuze kuzuze isintu.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo beqale sina icatshangelwe sixties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, yaqala ukugubha uSuku ulwazi kwemvelo. Isimo 15 Apreli (uhlu indawo) izinhlangano ukuthuthukisa ngokwabo.

izinyathelo

Kusukela ngo-1996, iphrojekthi "Izinsuku nokuvikelwa kwemvelo esuka ezikwimvelo" iqala unyaka ngamunye eRussia. lokufinyelela emiphakathini Afunwayo iqala Apreli 15. Usuku ukuqwashisa kwemvelo ngesikhathi esifanayo uba ngosuku lokuqala senzo.

Cishe kwezinyanga ezimbili nabafundi olwenziwa emakilasini amakilasi esisebenzayo focus kwemvelo. Abafundi ukuvikela umlando amaphrojekthi zemvelo, ukuhlela imibukiso, ehamba emizileni emvelweni, ngokuvakashela zoo, iziteshi zemvelo abasha, nezindawo zokulondoloza imvelo. Abadala ukukhuluma ngezinye izingqungquthela kanye nezinkulumo, umbiko ukuqaliswa isimo izinhlelo kwemvelo. Ngakho, ngo-April 15 (e-Ecological Ulwazi Day) e Smolensk zoo iqala izifundo ngesihloko esithi "Indoda Imvelo". abasebenzi Agency bathambekele yakha e esizukulwaneni esisha kuvisisa ukuthi abantu - kuphela ekubeni uyakwazi ekuvimbeleni kuyinhlekelele. Imiphumela inkomfa uya othisha abasebenzi lesikhungo.

Alukho usuku kancane ezithakazelisayo sihamba ulwazi imvelo (15 Apreli) esikoleni. Othisha abathanda ukubutha abafundi emahoreni ekilasini, wenziwa izifundo imvelo, ukuhlela imicimbi, ahlele master emakilasini ekwenzeni birdhouses, isihlahla betshala ahlanzekile-up, ukunikela ukuhlola degree of isithakazelo somuntu siqu nokusindisa iphasi.

Ngosuku ukuqwashisa kwemvelo (15 Apreli) imisebenzi eyenziwa ukuze kwenziwe kubantu uhlobo ecocentric ukwazi. Ngo XIX-XX Art. ucabanga ososayensi izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje babe anthropocentric. Ubuhlobo imvelo ngenkathi kusho uhambisane uhlamvu IS Turgenev mayelana nemvelo, workshop, futhi umuntu wasemsebenzini. Esikhathini isici nolwazi kwemvelo yokuphila komuntu kubhekwa hhayi ngokombono "lokho kunginika imvelo", futhi ngokuya ukuthi kufanele ixoxe kanjani nezinye izidalwa, ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.

Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku emvelweni

Eqaphela ingozi ye-eyayiza emvelweni, isayensi nezibalo ukudala ngezenzakalo ezihlukene ukuthuthukiswa lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Othile ecabanga ukuthi ikusasa impucuko kuyoba ezenziwe umuntu ngokuphelele. Othile eduze umqondo zokukhiqiza non-imfucuza, okulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, Ukuhlolwa kwamanye amaplanethi. Naphezu ukubukwa eziphikisanayo, ochwepheshe eziningi ziyavumelana entweni eyodwa: akunakwenzeka ukulungisa isimo ngaphandle ubuchwepheshe Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi, amasimu umsebenzi kanye yokuphila komuntu.

I uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; kuyoba ngaphandle kwabantu, khona Sapiens homo ngaphandle uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli engenakwenzeka. Lokhu kufanele sikhumbule Apreli 15 (e-Ecological Ulwazi Day), kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinsuku zonyaka.

amaphrojekthi Global

Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-izinhlelo kwemvelo ngamazwe wakhuluma 1972 engqungqutheleni ngaphansi UN kohlelo olubizwa eStockholm. Yaba incwadi zokuqapha phrojekthi yokuqala. Monitoring of the fresh amanzi, amahlathi, nezintaba zokhahlamba, izingwadule nokunye. D. Yenziwa eziteshini emhlabeni wonke.

Kusukela ngo-1986, esebenza International Geosphere-Biosphere Uhlelo, amaphrojekthi ezihlanganisa definition yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, imithetho yezinqubo zamakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlaziya isimo semvelo ekuhlanganyeleni. qikelela kunikezwa izici biocenoses kwesikhatsi lesengcile kanye ukubikezela. ukubambisana ethelayo phakathi ochwepheshe abavela emazweni ehlukene kuholela nemiphumela emihle.