Kuvulwe Ferdinand Magellan? Lolu hambo lokuqala emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi kobuholi Ferdinand Magellan

Ngaphambi okokuqala ukushiya iplanethi yethu futhi ukufinyelela inyanga, abantu kwadingeka ukuba ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze uhambo ezinjalo eziqhelile. Ngenxa ubuchwepheshe bamuva, bakwazi futhi ukuxhumana iziteshi ukuthi indiza elawulwa. Nokho, ukubukeka uhambo okuhluke kakhulu kwakuleli uFerdinand Magellan, ngubani fuza phatha of imikhumbi emihlanu. Ngokungafani isimo kuqala, amatilosi bathunyelwa hhayi umzila pre-eklanyelwe, kanye ebumnyameni, ekujuleni kwamanzi lapho awakaze. Uma kule umkhankaso nayo indoda wabhala incwadi, ke Akungabazeki ukuthi unegama like "uFerdinand Magellan -. Umlando ukuvakasha emhlabeni" Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igama kungaba beveza futhi ezithakazelisayo. Lokhu inoveli yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi u "uFerdinand Magellan -. Umnqobi e-Indian Ocean" Kungakhathaliseki igama noma egqoka le ncwadi, kwakuyoba Yindaba ebonisa ukholo nesithi ukuba nesibindi. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi yini lolu hambo usinike abantu yesimanje. Singabona ukuthi uFerdinand Magellan wathola.

Yikuphi wenza ebhukuda Magellan

Kuyinto uhambo ngokugqamile okukhulunywe migilingwane nesibindi engavamile sonke isikhathi. Kuye kwayithinta kanjani indlela abantu bacabanga mayelana iplanethi yethu wehlela emlandweni njengoba kuqala uhambo lokuzungeza umhlaba ngaphansi kobuholi uFerdinand Magellan. Ngenxa yalesi ndoda izwa ukuthi Melika nase-Asia abelana omningi amanzi eplanethini yethu kukhona Oceans jikelele. Ekupheleni lolu hambo ayisekho wangabaza futhi akazange aqophisane mayelana siphi isimo kuyinto Earth. Lokhu kunyuke kungenzeka ososayensi kwaleso sikhathi, siyivumele ukuba abale ngokunembile ubukhulu planethi yethu.

Kwethulwa Ferdinand Magellan nge ukuhamba olwandle

Lo muntu engazalwanga phakathi kwabantu abampofu phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini. Ngakho ngokuqinisekile enza kanjalo, njengoba kwenza u-bonke abasha yizicukuthwane izinsizwa ngalezo zinsuku - wayebe pazhem esigodlweni. Kusuka kulelizinga ukuphila kwakhe, lo muntu waqala ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ukuhamba olwandle kanye ngohambo oluvelele. Lapho, wafike wathola mayelana hambo yamuva Hristofora Kolumba, owabuyela ogwini Melika. Kube wahlanganyela yokusesha asebenzayo of umzila entshonalanga olwandle kuze kube "Spice Islands" (okusho Indonesia). Okuningi ukuxoxa nalaba bantu abanomoya, Fernand osemusha, mhlawumbe kakade bekuyoba njani ukuphila egcwele adventure.

shintsho olwenzeka isigubhukane imicimbi

Nokho, ngo-1495 lapho kuyinhlekelele enkulu - uJohn II uyafa, futhi ngakho kuhle nsizwa. Ngenxa yalokho zale nhlekelele amandla luwele ezandleni uManuel I, ongenayo cabanga okutholwe yisayensi, kodwa basuke bengabangane bengcebo yabo kanye nenhlonipho. Ukuze uthole abasha umphuphi konke izinguquko. Naphezu kwezicelo ezingapheli eziningi Magellan ukuhlela uhambo oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, umbusi akaguquki. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 kusukela ekufeni inkosi odlule Fernand avunyelwe ukuhamba. Le nsizwa kodwa engumthengisi abasha ethunyelwe kobhukuda lempi nokunciphisa imikhumbi izinongo kusukela kubathengisi Arab. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, waphinde wathumela olwandle, futhi isivele ifinyelele Malacca. Nokho, naphezu kwemizamo emihle insizwa ku isibindi sakhe nesibindi, inkosi ithumela kuye ukuba "umhlalaphansi", ukugqamisa isabelo esincane, waphinde waxoshwa inkonzo.

Magellan akazange alahlekelwe inhliziyo

Ngisho naphezu kobunzima, iqhawe lethu benza ungalilahli ithemba. Phakamisa umoya ngokumsiza wangaphambili itilosi Joao kusukela Lisbon. Ngokubambisana baxoxisane kanjani ngcono ngaphambi athandwayo "Islands Spice". Bobabili sebefike esiphethweni sokuthi kungenzeka ukuba afeze, uma uya eningizimu-ntshonalanga bese uyobhukuda phesheya kolwandle e-Balboa eyayisanda kutholakala. Njengoba omunye, futhi omunye ibonakala ngakolunye uhlangothi olwandle elise "spice isiqhingi." Ngakho, isihambi yethu liphefumulelwe umqondo ezibonakala ngempela Amazing - ukuhlola indlela entshonalanga eya emazweni aseMpumalanga. Nokho, ngaphandle kwemali, futhi ngalezo zinsuku imikhumbi bezakhiwe, futhi lo mkhankaso awazange ihlelwe. Ngakho-ke, Magellan waqala ukufuna ukusekelwa ngokwezimali. Ebona ukuthi wayehluleka asitholanga uManuela abadinga usizo, uFerdinand enquma ujike enkosini Spanish.

Ferdinand Magellan neNkosi Spanish

INkosi Spain ngobuchule okuningi kuka uManuela, nabo Magellan kwadingeka ukungezwani. Lokhu nkosi abasha kuvimbela hhayi kuphela Itilosi, kodwa futhi unesithakazelo kangakanani ukuthola futhi ukusebenzisa umzila olusentshonalanga waya "Islands Spice". Ngaye, kubonakala ngempela kunengqondo, kusukela ekuqaleni yalo mzila unomphela ukuze uqede umbango wakhe kanye amatilosi isiPutukezi izindlela ulwandle. Monarch like ithuba ekugcineni agagamele "spice isiqhingi." Ngaleso sanquma ukwenza. Inkosi enquma ukuthi uhambo of Magellan kungaba kwenziwe usebenzisa imikhumbi emihlanu lokhuni ubudala (ngokusobala, le nkosi isinqumo lapha bese ugcine). Ngakho, Fernand esimisiwe umkhuzi induna yalesi zungu encane Spanish.

Lolu hambo usulungile

Ekugcineni, ngemva amalungiselelo eside unyaka wonke, lezi zihambi setha ngomkhumbi Septhemba 20, 1519. Ngakho liyaqhubeka yalolu hambo lwabo kuze 31 Mashi ngonyaka ozayo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, babekwazi ukufinyelela endaweni, lapho namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Argentina. Nokho, lonke iqembu uphelelwa yithemba ngoba abakwazi ukuthola kudingekile umhlaba ibhuloho ukuwela ukuba omunye ulwandle. Ngenxa yalokho e sevukelombuso weqembu lemikhumbi. Kuleli qophelo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ngincome Magellan wakwazi ngokushesha ayodambisa ukuvukela. Ababili the ababhikishi balahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo.

Ngokuthi, uFerdinand Magellan wathola ohambweni lwakhe

Kuwo wonke uhambo iqembu usebhekene eziningi nobunzima, kodwa futhi wafinyelela umgomo walo wokugcina. Kuvulwe Ferdinand Magellan? Ngokuhamba wokujikeleza, banikezwa amagama ezinye izindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, Patagonia yesimanje neyasemhlabeni ukuze bomkhankaso. Ukubona abantu umthethosisekelo eqinile, iqembu wazizwa dwarves ngokumelene ngemuva kwalezi "zingqalabutho" ( "Patagonia" - Ispan "bolshenogie."). Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke egcwele ngemuva kokuqala uhambo mkhathi amathathu asasele unqobe Strait of Magellan, njengoba ibizwa namuhla (omunye umkhumbi iphahlazeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili, kanye nezinye izihambi wayeshiye, futhi babuyela ngomkhumbi Spain). Njengoba nje negama layo Magellan ubophekile ukuba uLwandle iPacific. Explorer wawuqamba ngakho ngenxa yokuthi, uma iqhathaniswa naso langaphambilini, lapho akazange abanjwe isiphepho.

Ingabe kuwufanele uhambo owavula Ferdinand Magellan? Uzenzela isinqumo. Nokho, i-itilosi kakhulu uhambo nezindleko eqolo.

Ukufa isihambi abadumile

Ngenxa yokuthi wangenela ukungqubuzana izizwe, itilosi wadela ukuphila kwakhe. Kuphela umkhumbi "Victoria" - oyedwa kwabahlanu - buyela ekhaya port. Yaphela kanjalo-ke indaba kanjani uFerdinand Magellan wenza circumnavigation lokuqala edumile emhlabeni wonke. Engqondweni, ayehamba naye, sakwazi kangcono ukuqonda imizwa wazibonela abantu reshivshiesya lesisenzo yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Manje thina baziwa uFerdinand Magellan. Yini futhi kwavulwa lapho - manje sesiyazi.