Aron Raymon: imfundiso lwezenhlalo

Isazi-French Lokudabuka abangamaJuda, isazi sefilosofi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, isazi sesayensi yezombangazwe, ukubukwa zezombusazwe Liberal Aron Raymon kuyinto umsunguli imisinga epistemological ifilosofi yomlando, ogama abasekeli yayiphambana yokuthi indaba iye ngokuhunyushwa ngokuya ezintweni ezinhle. Raymond yena wakhuthaza kwembulunga yonke futhi deideologization isayensi. Uphinde umsekeli imfundiso yokuziphendukela umphakathi zezimboni. Aron Raymon nomthelela yokwamukela kwabantu isiJalimane, isibonelo, uhlelo imibono ka Max Weber eFrance. Ngingathi njenge-journalist, yena utlole izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-30. Okwesikhathi esithile, kwaba umlobeli ezombusazwe iphephandaba "Figaro". Ngesisekelo izinkolelo zakhe zezombusazwe, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi isimo kufanele ukudala imithetho ezokwenza ziqinisekise inkululeko, ukulingana, bunyenti, futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa yabo.

Aron Raymon: Biography

Usosayensi esizayo wazalwa ngo 1905 e-Lorraine, e rambervillers, indodana kwabokufika yamaJuda, kufakwe ngokuphelele ku imvelo yabo. Uyise, Gustav Aron, waba uprofesa komthetho nomama - Syuzan Levi - owesifazane wokuziphilisa, ongowokuzalwa e-Alsace. Ngokushesha lo mkhaya uthuthela Paris.

Ezemfundo Aron Raymon kwaba ngo ecole normale supérieure. Lapha wazana Jean-Paul Sartre. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, base futhi singabangane abakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abaphikisi ezihlakaniphile. Raymond bakhanya kolwazi labo ukuhlolwa e ifilosofi degree agrégé eqoqwe isibalo esiphezulu amaphuzu futhi yaphuma phambili. Ngempela yaba inselele enkulu! Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Sartre inganikezi futhi kuhlulekile ukuhlolwa. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-25, uRaymond iziqu zobudokotela wefilosofi yomlando.

eJalimane

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Paris School Aron waya eJalimane abathethise e Cologne nase-Berlin amanyuvesi. Lapha ubona indlela amaNazi kushiswe incwadi "smart". Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ekhipha ukuya kobushiqela, futhi wobushiqela. Lapho amandla okubusa eJalimane uHitler, kwadingeka abuyele eFrance ngenxa mayelana nokuphepha kwabo.

nokufundisa

Lapho ngibuyela ekhaya, waqala ukufundisa nefilosofi kwezenhlalo kanye kwabantu e-University of Le Havre (akumelwe kudidaniswe i-Harvard). Kusukela 1934, ubefundisa iminyaka engaba ngu-5 kanye njengonobhala wo- at the ecole normale Supérieure, okuyinto kanye isiqedile.

Khona-ke Aron Raymon kuhanjiswe ku Toulouse, lapho ozongitshela kumafilosofi nomphakathi. Ngaphambi nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II wathatha ingxenye in the Paris Colloquilum Walter Lippmann, yaqanjwa intatheli waseMelika odumile. Lo mhlangano ezihlakaniphile kwakuhlelwa Louis Rougier.

Impi emphilweni Arona Raymona

Njengoba sekushiwo, kugqashuke impi wayengumuntu uprofesa wefilosofi nomphakathi e-University of Toulouse edolobheni. Ukulahla imfundiso umsebenzi, waya ngaphambili ukukhonza e-Air Force eFrance, futhi ngemva kokuba ibutho wahlulwa kanye nezwe bomdabu kwakuhlezi amaNazi, waya ngakolunye uhlangothi Channel, ukuze Albion.

Lapha, kuba eseduze ukunyakaza "Ukulwa France", okuyinto kwaba ngaphansi kokuqondisa yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle futhi lapho isinyathelo magazini yokushisekela izwe "Mahhala France". Aroni baba umhleli walo. Phrinta kwelinye izwe, staryutsya silondoloze isimo salo Bakwethu lwakhe.

Raymond Aron: Izigaba ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga lwezenhlalo

Ngemva abahlaseli German ushiye France, usosayensi ebuyela ekhaya futhi iyaqala nokufundisa. Lesi sikhathi uthola e-National School of Administration, kanye e-Paris Institute politissledovany, lapho efundisa kwabantu.

ukubukwa Early lwezenhlalo ka Arona bangaphansi kwethonya neo (Baden esikoleni). Emibhalweni yakhe, waphika imithetho ekukhuleni komphakathi eshumayela relativism kakhulu ngelanga ezicishe zibe irrationality.

Kamuva wasuka obudluleleko a priori futhi relativism isondela isikhundla Max Weber e kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela "izinhlobo enhle" e ukutadisha umlando. Ezinkondlweni zakhe yesayensi ngomlando kwabantu, Aron besho nokusho ukuthi ukuthambekela olandelanayo Durkheim futhi Tocqueville. Wayehlale ezama ukudala i "okunye" inguqulo lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo zomlando.

Imfundiso Arona

Ungomunye abalobi nomqondo de-ideologization. Wabamba lesi sikhundla sokuphikisana imithetho kuqhathaniswa umgomo zomlando, ukuxhumana dialectic of ubudlelwano zokukhiqiza namabutho elikhiqizayo, kanye nomqondo ukwakheka komnotho kanye nesimo senhlalo.

Sociology Arona Raymona ithatha into zocwaningo yezenhlalakahle ethathwe izici subjective, ezifana ugqozi, ukubaluleka orientation i izifundo isinyathelo, umbono we umuntu oye ucwaninga. Le ndlela, ngokuvumelana ukubukwa ka Arona, kuyinto entsha, "non-ehlukile" inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umphakathi. Kuyinto imfundiso yokuziphendukela kuphela elungile, ngoba izifundo "okukhona ngokoqobo."

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, u-Aroni futhi umsunguli inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela jikelele wonke umphakathi zezimboni. Wayethi akakholelwa umlandeli-Saint-Simon futhi emide uvame ukubizwa kwabo.

Umsebenzi edume kunazo Raymond

Njengoba sekushiwo, liphinde intatheli, futhi umlobi wezincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-30, phakathi kwabo elidume kunawo wonke "umlaliso nezihlakaniphi". Raymond Aron wabhala ke ngo-1955. Wangenza ukusaphazela. Izingxabano mayelana le ncwadi abayeki namuhla. Kusengenzeka efanele.