Backbone amabhizinisi - uhlu izikhungo systemically ezibalulekile ...

Uhlu amabhizinisi amasu Russian zihlanganisa izinhlangano kwezomnotho ohlonishwa kanjalo emhlanganweni we umsebenzi okhethekile wezokuThuthukiswa koMnotho, omsebenzi wakhe kusekelwe imiphumela ukuqapha imisebenzi ezezimali nezomnotho amabhizinisi ezinkulu.

definition

Backbone amabhizinisi - ibhizinisi ibhizinisi elihlangabezana iqoqo criteria letsite. Esikhathini umkhakha ukuzivikela, "uhlelo-ibhizinisi" kuyinto yinye "amabhizinisi amasu".

Uhlu amabhizinisi amasu zimiswe ngaphakathi endaweni ethile, amayunithi lesifunda indawo, kanye isimo sisonke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-main backbone amabhizinisi South County izinsimbi okuyizinto Rostov futhi Volgograd izindawo zihlanganisa izinhlangano ibhizinisi ukuthi ngokukhethekile womshini amapayipi Seamless zamakhemikhali, uwoyela ongahluziwe Petrochemical izimboni, kanye yezimoto kanye ezishisayo wobunjiniyela.

Ukudala uhlu

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinkampani - lena ibhizinisi elikhulu elihlangabezana izimfuneko ezithile, okuyinto akhiwa kweminyango Commission kanye Ministry of Finance kanye nabamele i-Ministry of Economic Development.

Phakathi mihlangano abahlanganyeli okuxoxwe nezindaba ezihlobene ezindaweni eyinhloko ukuqapha ezezimali nezomnotho ukusebenza amabhizinisi, kanye imboni isabelomali wokwenza eRussia.

zindlela qualitative wamabhizinisi amasu

Hlangana nokhunye izinga, inkampani kungase kwenziwe isibaluli esigabeni letindzala ngaphansi kwazo, okulandelayo kumele ezigqanyisiwe:

- ezingaba kwezobuchwepheshe ibhizinisi ibhizinisi (khona ubuchwepheshe eziphambili futhi eyingqayizivele ukuthi zifakwe ohlwini ezifanele, ibalulekile lenhlangano zokuzivikela wezwe);

- ezinomthelela esithule kwezenhlalo ezihlobene kulondolozwe imisebenzi nokuvimbela ukuntuleka komsebenzi kubantu abaningi;

- ebalulekile ekugcineni zombili ingqalasizinda kanye ukukhiqizwa lazo ngisemaketangeni;

- ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi utshalomali ngombono;

- ukukhishwa izivumelwano kanye nezibopho international.

zindlela bobukhulu

Kunezindlela eziningana ngemibandela ambalwa, okumele ihambisane uhlelo-ibhizinisi. Ziyakwazi:

- izimali ngonyaka (isibonelo, 2014) - ruble 10 bhiliyoni .. (Production wemboni) futhi 4 billion. Hlikihla. (Ukuze nezolimo);

- Inani lentela ekhokhelwe izabelomali wonke amazinga ukuze eminyakeni emithathu edlule kumele azisizi: embonini - ruble ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 5 kwezolimo - ruble 2 billion) ....

- Inani labasebenzi - ekukhiqizeni Lezokulima abantu ayizinkulungwane 4 .. ayizinkulungwane abantu 1.5.. ngokulandelana.

Izigaba kumiswa uhlu amabhizinisi amasu

Okokuqala, inhlangano ibhizinisi ungafaka emzimbeni zonke izinto ezifanele federal esiphezulu kudingekile, eqinisekisa ukuhambisana nenqubo ebekiwe.

Okwesibili, amandla wezokuphatha uhlola imibhalo okufakiwe. Uma kudingeka, kungase ukucela lebhizinisi namanje izinto ezengeziwe. Ukuze afeze lokhu isigaba unezinsuku ezingu-15. Ngenxa yalokho, imibono ebhaliwe ngale nesikhathi we ambalwa kwamabhizinisi kanye nenqubo qualitative. It is ithunyelwa kweminyango Commission of the Ministry of Economic Development.

Okwesithathu, kweminyango Commission uyazicabangela izinto zithunyelwe futhi isinqumo noma ukufaka inkampani ohlwini lwezinhlangano zamasu.

Futhi ekugcineni, isinyathelo sokugcina iyona kokucubungula iziphakamiso emhlanganweni weKhomishana Uhulumeni futhi isinqumo ezifanele phezu ukufakwa lebhizinisi ohlwini yokubika.

Imibhalo kuhanjiswe ngokufakwa ngokufakwa ohlwini

Phakathi imibhalo ukuthi manje ukuze zihlinzekwe isigungu ekufakweni ohlwini kwamabhizinisi amasu, okulandelayo kumele ezigqanyisiwe:

- isitatimende ekhethekile;

- ikhophi lonke iphakethe kwemibhalo isisekelo, kwasayinwa;

- ezifanele yasebhange isikhungo isinqumo wekomidi credit, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ibhizinisi izimali ezibolekwe;

- kwebhizinisi plan ye imisebenzi (amanje nawesikhathi lohleliwe) enkathini kuze ulindele ukubuyiselwa yona iphelele sokubolekwa kwemali noma isibopho daba. Lo mbhalo kuzovumela ukuhlola obala imisebenzi yezomnotho lezimali webhizinisi ngokufaka isicelo ukufakwa ohlwini kwamabhizinisi amasu;

- isitifiketi kungekho izikweletu enkampanini nezikweletu izikweletu kuya Russian Federation, kanye ukukhokha intela.

Uhlu izinhlangano systemically ezibalulekile ekupheleni 2014

Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation yabe isikhipha uhlu amabhizinisi okufanele lunikezwe anti-Inkinga usizo endaweni yokuqala. Kumiswa kulolu hlu kuyinto ipulani ukusekela abameleli ibhizinisi elikhulu. It seyihlanganisa 57% we-GDP futhi 69% we ukukhiqiza inani.

Nokho, uma inhlangano ibhizinisi kubhekwa njengento backbone amabhizinisi akusho ukuthi oyingqayizivele ukwazi ukuthola ukuxhaswa okuvela embusweni. Kuye, okokuqala kunakho konke, it izokwethulwa izidingo esiqinile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

On imiphumela 2014 ohlwini kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela izinkampani ngobukhulu eliyifa nge ukubaluleka lwamasu izwe (isib zezindiza noma izindiza). Uhlu kuhlanganisa izinkampani kanye zincane, isibonelo, abameleli amaketanga enkulu tekutsengisa ezifana "Dixy Iqembu", "Auchan", "Metro Cash and Carry." leso simo kuyadida esichazwa njengesono khona eziseceleni eliphakeme kulo msebenzi, kanye ukungabi khona izidingo ukunqanda amanani imibuzo emayelana nesimo amanethiwekhi commercial kubangele amashiya. nezitolo ezinkulu Modern futhi Hypermarkets Awekho ukulahlekelwa nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokulima ibuyiselwe ngenxa yokwanda lezimpahla amanani.

Uhlu lokuqala amabhizinisi amasu kwamiswa ngo-2008, lapho eRussia lezwakala futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zomnotho ezinzima. Nakuba uhlu afakwe izinkampani 300, phakathi okuyinto 34 zaba isihloko ukuphathwa eziyinkimbinkimbi Agro-zezimboni nezimboni zokudla. Namuhla, inani imikhakha wathi kwehliselwe ku 32. Inani lazo zonke izinkampani ezinjalo ohlwini - 199.

Ukusekela byudzhetformiruyuschih amabhizinisi

Kuze kube manje, kukhona eziningi nezindaba ezihlobene ukusekela amabhizinisi amasu kanye oluvelele ezingeni wombuso.

Okokuqala, azikho izindlela eziqondile futhi izinhlobo yesibonelelo sikahulumeni.

Okwesibili, kwi website esemthethweni ye-Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation waphawula ukuthi yena wayengemuva uhlu ibhizinisi ayidingekile ukweneka ukwesekwa zizonikezwa. Izibalo ngo-2008 kuqinisekisa lokhu. Izinkampani 300, mayelana 37 kuphela bakwazi ukuthi bengathola uxhaso kusukela isabelomali isimo, 11 - utshalomali, futhi 10 - iziqinisekiso isimo. Usizo wathola izinkampani 40 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezintathu izinhlobo wombuso aid - izifundo 6 (ujantshi Russian futhi umkhakha ukuzivikela).

Amafutha kanye negesi izinkampani basala ngaphandle ukusekelwa yibo bonke. Kodwa kulo nyaka bakwazi ukuthola imali National Welfare Isikhwama.

Uhlu amabhizinisi ezinkulu Region eMoscow

Njengoba kwenziwa sisonke yonkana Russia, kuchazwa backbone amabhizinisi esifundeni laseMoscow. Lolu hlu lufaka izinkampani ezinkulu 288. Uhlu yashicilelwa ku-website esemthethweni ye-Ministry of Investment, esifundeni eMoscow. Lemibandela sezisetshenzisiwe njengoba inani labasebenzi, okuyinto kumele singeqi abantu 500, kanye umnikelo ezinkulu umnotho wedolobha noma umasipala.

Uhlu izikhungo systemically yiziphi izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile esifundeni eMoscow kanye namabhizinisi ukuthi zibhaliswe uhlu okuhambisanayo sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia. Lezi izinhlangano webhizinisi "Demikhovsky Engineering Isitshalo", "I-Flight Research Institute. MM Gromov, "" Metrovagonmash "njll

Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi lena inkampani ebaluleke amasu hhayi kuphela esifundeni eMoscow, kodwa Russia wonkana, futhi lunikeza isimo ukusekelwa kumele kuhlinzekwe.