Iyini i-borax? I-Bura: uhlelo lokusebenza. Incazelo yegama elithi "drill"

Amakhemikhali amaningi asetshenziswa umuntu ezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukushayela. Lisetshenziswa embonini, ezolimo, ubuchwepheshe, imithi, impilo yansuku zonke, njll. Iyini i-borax? Le mineral, ebizwa ngokuthi i-tinkal noma i-sodium borate, inezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ngakho iyini i-borax? Lesi sici sikhanyisa ohlelweni lwe-monosymmetric. Ukubukeka kwalo kubonakala njengekholomu ye-augite. Ekuhunyushweni okuvela ePheresiya, igama layo lisho ukuthi "mhlophe". I-borax engafani kahle, ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka ngemuva kokucubungula ngokucophelela kwama-crystals, cishe ku-colorless noma kancane kancane. Ibonakala ngokukhanyisa kwamafutha kanye nokunambitheka okune-alkaline ukunambitheka. Isidakamizwa sincibilika emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, njengomthetho, izingxenye ezingu-14 zamanzi zithathwa ngengxenye eyodwa ye-tincal. Iphuzu lokucibilika kwamaminerali okucatshangwa yi-60.8 ° C. Uma ucibilika ne- blowtorch, umlilo uba umbala ophuzi, futhi umuthi ngokwawo uphenduka ingilazi engenambala.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-borax

Ake sibheke ukuthi i-borax ingokwemikhemikhali. I-formula yezinto: Na ₂ B ₄ O _7. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukufana ne-crystal hydrate Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ • 10H ₂ O, ehambisana ne-16% ye-sodium, i-37% ye-boric acid namanzi angu-47%. I-borax yinto eluhlaza yokuthola ama-compounds akhona kuwo. Ikhwalithi yezinto ezilawulwa yiGOST 8429-77. Ukuthengisa i-tetraborate ye-sodium (borax) ifika njenge powder emhlophe ekhanda, ikhwalithi yayo incike ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali kanye nezinga lokuhlanzwa. Umkhiqizo unamatshe amabili: A (ingxenyana enkulu ye-borax ayikho ngaphansi kuka-99.5%) no-B (94%). Futhi kuwo kukhona carbonates, sulfates, lead and arsenic.

Ukukhipha nokukhiqizwa kwe-borax

Lezi zinto zivame ukugonywa ngezimo zemvelo. Iyini i-borax ngomqondo obanzi wegama? Le mineral ihlukaniswa njengeklasi le-borate. Kuyinto yokuphuza kwamakhemikhali okwehla kwamachibi olwandle. EYurophu, le nto yabonakala kuqala ngemuva kokuba itholakale emachibi omunyu waseTibetan. Kuvela lapho lapho elinye igama layo, i-tinkal, lwenzeka khona. Amanye amachibi angenalutho aseCalifornia angenalutho, lapho kukhishwa khona amakristalu amancane. Uma uthengiswa ungathola isitilabridi yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokudla.

Ngo-1748, i-borax evela ku-boric acid ne-soda yatholwa kuqala yi-chemist eFrance e-Enuvil. Futhi esikhathini sethu, amanye amabhizinisi akhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-sodium tetraborate decahydrate. I-borax ingatholakala ngezandla ngokunciphisa i-asidi nge-boric sodium carbonate, ngokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa nokuhlunga. Le nqubo isekelwe ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okunjalo: Na ₂ C0 ₃ + 4H ₃ BO ₃ = 6H ₂ O + CO ₂ + Na ₂ B ₄ 0 ₇ . Esikhathini tank ukulungisa isisombululo soda bese ukushisa it kuya 95-100 ° C, evuselela njalo. Khona-ke i-boric acid ichitheka lapho. Isixazululo asikwenyuka, senezelwa ezinhlangothini ezincane. Ukulinganisa phakathi kwezingxenye kufanele kube ukuthi isixazululo sine-16-20% Na2B4O7 no-0.5-1.0% ye-Na2C03. Ingxube ibilisiwe ngamaminithi angu-30, ehlungiwe futhi selehlile kuze kutholakale amakristalu. Amaminerali amakhemikhali asebenzayo ahluke emakhakheni e-rhombohedral yemvelo futhi aqukethe amanzi amancane. Kungasetshenziselwa kuphela izinhloso zobuchwepheshe nezomuthi.

I-Bura: izicelo zezimboni

Isicelo sezobuchwepheshe zalesi sici sihluke kakhulu. I-drill iyingxenye ye-fluxes ye-welding metals, kuhlanganise nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Njengengxenye yomthwalo esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ingilazi, ama-enamel, ama-glazes, ngoba ungumthombo obalulekile we-boron oxide. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izidakamizwa, izinambuzane nezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinto zokwakheka. I-drill iyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwe-electrolytes ku-metallurgy.

I-Tinkal iyisici sokuqala ekwakhiweni kwe-sodium perborate, okuyinto engxenyeni enkulu ye-oxygen ene-bleaching component ekwenzeni amalungiselelo e-powder e-synthetic. Ukuze uthuthukise izindawo zokuhlanza futhi ugcine i-viscosity edingekayo, i-acidity, ikhono lokumisa amandla, i-tetraborate ye-sodium ifakiwe emalungiselelweni okuhlanza izindlu, izindwangu kanye nama-polishes. I-drill isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamafutha, ukuwaphuza amanzi; Kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-antifreeze, njengoba, lapho uxhumana nensimbi, yakha isakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi esibonakalayo. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekwenzeni ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-borax empilweni yansuku zonke

Sekuyisikhathi eside le mineral isetshenziswe ngabantu njengendlela yokuhlanza kwemvelo. Izintambo ezisemhlabathini ziyasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza kahle amapayipi. Ungathanda isitsha sakho sezindlu zangasese sikhanyise? Awukho umbuzo: kwanele ukuthululela kuwo ingilazi ye-mineral mineral bese uhamba ebusuku. Ukuhlanza amapayipi ekuseni ngebhashi, ungasusa noma kunzima ukukhipha ukungcola. I-detergent isetshenziselwa isisombululo se-borax (2 tsp nge 0.5 litre of liquid).

Lesi sici esiyingqayizivele singasetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinhlanzi kanye namaphora. Ngakho, endaweni yokuxubana kwama-parasites ngezikhathi ezithile wathululela i-powder of borax. Awukwazi ukukhathazeka ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi: ngobuncane obuncane abulimazi abantu nezilwane.

Ukulwa nenkuni ukulungisa unqwaba wamanzi kanye ne-borax. Isakazeka endaweni ebunjiwe futhi ishiye amahora angu-12-24. Ukunamathiswa okomile kukhishwa ngebhayisikili, futhi okunye okuhlanjululwayo kugezwa ngamanzi. Lo mkhiqizo ufanelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqoka kusetshenziswa kanye nesitashi sokucubungula kwama-collars nama-cuffs. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukugeza izinto ezenziwe ngoboya (1 tsp 1 litre amanzi). Kungani? Kulula kakhulu: ukunikeza ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo.

Isicelo emithi

I-tetraborate ye-sodium isetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic yama-rinses, ama-douches, ukwelashwa kwezikhumba kanye nezomlomo. Kulokhu, i-glycerol (20%) noma izixazululo ezinomsoco we-borax ziyasetshenziswa. Utshwala izixazululo azikho, ngoba le nto ayinayo i-alcohol. Gcina umgodi esitsheni esivaliwe ngokuqinile futhi ungenakufinyelela kwezingane, ngoba ngobuningi obukhulu kanye nokuhlushwa okuphezulu, kungabangela ukulimala empilweni.