Baghdad - inhloko-dolobha kuliphi izwe? Baghdad: ulwazi mayelana emzini, izivakashi, incazelo

Umuzi, esemgwaqweni inhliziyo eMpumalanga yasendulo, okuyinto manje kunqoba emanxiweni zasendulo esidala kakhulu yezakhiwo emhlabeni - lena Baghdad. Inhloko-dolobha ye-Iraq, olimini Russian kuzwakala "Isipho sikaNkulunkulu". Ngempela, kuyilapho kukhona, uyaqaphela ukuthi umoya wonke emgwaqweni futhi square, zonke esakhiweni - konke lapha has aura ayo ekhethekile ezazibonakala ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi esidlule iningi nesamanje esiphila manje.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana idolobha

Ezingwadule yase-Aramu Naharayimi, loMfula waseBhayibhelini iTigrisi River namuhla ungumuzi omkhulu yeBaghdad. Inhloko-dolobha ye kuliphi izwe usengakwazi sokujabulisa kithi inala ezifana esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kanye namasiko, okuyinto inomsuka esikhathini eside esidlule? Mhlawumbe, akukho. Leli dolobha lisendaweni maphakathi ezindawo yezwe, Iraq, esigodini kwemifula emibili, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo iBhayibheli ngokwalo okukhulunyiwe - the iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi nomuzi ugcwele esikhumbuzo lasendulo, namuhla liphinde sezoku- thutha esimweni. Kukhona sezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe, eziteshini zezitimela kanye ne-port umfula kusuka lapho ukugeleza iTigrisi bavame ukuthunyelwa imikhumbi emanzini ePersian Gulf.

Baghdad sidilizwa: umlando, nokuzwa

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi inhlokodolobha samanje isimo esempumalanga Iraq lusekelwe emanxiweni i ngempucuko yasendulo. Kulapha, eMesopotamiya, kwakukhona kuqala umphakathi wezwe lonke, okuyinto ngokushesha siguqulelwa edolobheni kanye nezwe. Abantu ababeke owakhiwe ezweni, wazala igama Sumerians. Kuyinto ba abagubha kokusungulwa nezibhebhe ze-cuneiform, ngayo nefunda ngayo Abavubukuli samanje sakwazi ukubuyisela eziningi emakhasini umlando ngalezo zikhathi. Ngisho ku 2nd yeminyaka BC. e. kulezi zindawo zakha umbuso nesi-Akkad. Umbusi wokuqala okukhulunywe ngaye imithombo elilotshiwe Urukagina. Iminyaka yadlula kanye ngekhulu, futhi kancane kancane abantu eminingi yasendulo bezwe (okungukuthi Sumerians) Isigwebo sokufa saqala ukusebenza out. EMesophothamiya ekhethiwe ngokuphelele Akkadians. Ngokusho idatha yangaphandle zalo, kuningi esifana nama-Arabhu zanamuhla manje abahlala futhi Baghdad. Enhloko-dolobha, okuyinto uye wanda ngezinga kula mazwe phakathi nokubusa kwabo, is emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa, igama lakhe - eBhabhiloni.

Imibuso ukuthi basaphila

Centre zombuso iBhabhiloni, umuzi okufanayo nombhoshongo walo edume lakhiwa amakhilomitha 100 kusuka eBaghdad yesimanje. Metropolis zezwe lasendulo, okwakubekelwa ifakwe isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa, isakhiwo ecacile futhi ibalazwe emgwaqweni kanye ndawo, okuyinto ngenhlanhla zacaciswa ngu izimbaqa. Umuzi, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo port kanye shipbuilding isikhungo, manje ngokupheleleyo dibikeza isihlabathi East. imivubukulo abazenzi ensimini yaseBhabhiloni, sibonga ngalo mlando baye bathola ukuthi le-dolobha uye wahlupheka ukuwa ezintathu. Wakhe kabusha futhi ngokoqobo elulama nomlotha izimpi eziningi futhi kuphangwa. Phakathi nenkathi yakhe yokugcina - uMbuso yeBhabhiloni Elisha - abendawo zazizama ukuyicindezela ukuba kuNkulunkulu, isaphazanyiswe ekwakhiweni kwemibhoshongo abadumile. Umphumela indaba kuzwakele kubo bonke, futhi manje, ngaphezu isisekelo sale isakhiwo omkhulu, asinalutho.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la emzini Baghdad

Inhloko-dolobha yombuso wezwe kodwa futhi yayakhiwe umlotha emanxiweni nemiphakathi yakudala ... futhi Iraq iyathinteka. Lena ingenye yamadolobha ambalwa wehlukile yemiphakathi yendabuko Islamic. Yena beyibonakala ugxile emkhathini zonke inkolo kanye lemikhuba, okuyinto walawula amazwe akhe ngaphambili. Ngakho, ngo-762 phezu loMfula iTigrisi khona wakufeza okwamanje usuku nedolobha laseBaghdad. Ubuciko Islam, kuyafaneleka, ke bafika ezweni ngaphambili kakhulu - okungukuthi, iminyaka eyikhulu. Umuzi ngokwawo Yakhiwa njengoba inhlokodolobha, okuyinto lalizoba siphephelo nkolo entsha, amasiko amasha namasiko, okuyizinto, eqinisweni, wayebe. Ngokusemthethweni kubhekwe umsunguli yeBaghdad Umbusi wamaSulumane Al-Mansur. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe ezakhiwa lapho kwamakhulu kunawo, izinqaba, uya ibutho. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka angu th 9-10, Baghdad uJesu akabanga nje port ngobukhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kodwa futhi elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu, lapho kwafika abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke. Ekhulwini lama-20 kwanqunywa ukuba iqoshwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi umuzi Baghdad - inhlokodolobha Iraq, kanye isikhungo samasiko zomhlaba Islamic.

Kwesimo sezulu nezenzakalo

Eqhubekela phambili uhambo kunoma iyiphi indawo entsha, kubalulekile ekuqaleni ukuthi yini isimo sezulu ulinde wena lapho. Phela, umuzwa induduzo ngesikhathi ukunyakaza nokuhamba - is ebaluleke kakhulu, kungenjalo, zonke okuvelayo uzobe spoilt. Ngakho, inhloko-dolobha yase-Iraq - Baghdad, idolobha elisemandleni zone ehlane, endaweni lapho ngokuvamile kakhulu kukhona imimoya enamandla, isomiso, futhi kakhulu kuyaqabukela ne kwezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi umuzi buqamama ukusuka olwandle, isimo sezulu nangu imvula kancane, kancane leli zwekazi. Ebusika izinga lokushisa lingehla libe amadigri 10 emini, ngisho kuze 5 ebusuku. Ilanga ehlobo siyashisa kanzima, futhi umoya eliwu +44 ^{° C} no ngenhla. December nango-January - lesi yisikhathi lapho yemvula nenkungu ngokupheleleyo dibikeza Baghdad. Inhlokodolobha zomhlaba Islamic ngesikhathi abandayo ezimanzi, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuya lapha ebusika. Kungcono ukuvakashela idolobha ekwindla, lapho ukushisa luyaphela, noma entwasahlobo, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele lapha isiqala nje. Njengoba for ehlobo, ngaphezu ukushisa, lapho kwenzeke hasminy - isihlabathi iziphepho, okungaba okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila.

Ifa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi Baghdad - inhlokodolobha phetho Iraq esicebile, kunzima. Sithungathe umlando waleli edolobheni kungaba, ucabangela izikhumbuzo kwalo ngokomlando, phakathi okuyinto iningi labantu - lamaSulumane eyakhelwe ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Chief phakathi kwabo - Golden Mosque kaMusa al-Kadhim, lapho kukhona Mausoleum. Ingabe lesi sakhiwo ezisohlwini enkabeni yedolobha, ngoba uthole ngeke kube nzima. Ngaphandle muzi elidala ixazululwe engengaphansi enhle amathempelana Muslim: Bunnie futhi Ramadan Mosque, El Kadimayn, Umm Al Mahar, Dzhavaat Al-Al-Rahman, nabanye abaningi. Bekanye nabo ethulwa mausoleums, lapho bangcwatshwe ababusi nabaholi inkolo. izakhiwo abamaKrestu ekhumbulekayo futhi inama Baghdad. Ulwazi mayelana edolobheni nomlando wayo iqukethe yokuthi zikhona izikhathi eziningi kwadala imiphakathi yabo, Armenia, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngenxa lesikhumbuzo okubalulekile ibandla St uMariya esontweni lamaKatolika of St Thomas.

Yesimanjemanje imprints yayo

eyingqayizivele kakhulu, yasekuqaleni futhi engavamile Baghdad yesimanje. Inhloko-dolobha ye isimo Iraq namuhla - kuyinto edolobheni nge ezitaladini eziningi ewumngcingo flat ukuthi sizungezwe kugcwele izindlu zodaka uphansi. Isici esiphawulekayo nazo izimakethe eziphithizelayo lapho ungakwazi ukuthenga cishe noma yini. Njengazo zonke yenhloko-dolobha yezwe, Baghdad inama zokuhlala zikanokusho, okuyinto kwakufanele sibalo zezombusazwe abavelele ekhaya. Phakathi kwabo ukuhlukanisa esigodlweni Saddam Hussein Al-Rihab, lapho namuhla ungathola nje uhambo. Kanye naye emzini kukhona izigodlo eziyisishiyagalombili okwakungokwenkosi umbusi langaphambilini, bona bagcwele ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ayikho ngaphansi okuntofontofo le iziNdlu zePhalamende kanye noHulumeni wezwe. Futhi kule enhlokodolobha Iraq has iminyuziyamu eminingi. Phakathi kwabo singathola amasosha, Museum kwezemivubukulo zobuciko Arab Museum of Modern Art kanye ethnographic lasendulo. Ukuvakasha kwabo kuwufanele ngempela kancane, kodwa umbono kwanela.

cuisine wendawo

Ukwazi kabani dolobha Baghdad, omunye singafinyelela eziphethweni, nakuba imagebhugebhu kakhulu, mayelana nokuthi uluphi uhlobo ukudla lapha. Umuzi ine zokudlela eziningi kangaka, kuba ehloniphekile, okungase ukwethula kahle isivakashi ngasinye cuisine Iraq. Ukwakheka izitsha kuhlanganisa ikakhulu iwundlu, inyama yenkonyana, yenkukhu, imbuzi, kodwa noma kunjalo, hhayi yengulube. Inyama appetizers kungaba ukungezwa imifino, ngokuvamile steamed noma zicwiliswe. Isici nobuntu ukuthi isidlo esithile kungokwalabo ekhishini Iraq inani elikhulu izinongo. Phakathi side izitsha eBaghdad uzothola kakolweni noma corn oluthile lokudla. Wale mithandazo livamile amakhekhe (simnandi kakhulu), ezibizwa ngokuthi "Eish". Elimnandi, uzilungiselele ukuze uthole izinsuku, halva noma candied. Phawula futhi ukuthi laba iziphuzo zikhishwa lapha noma itiye senziwa izithelo ezomisiwe noma ikhofi. Ubisi kuthathwe buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, futhi yotshwalo kungatholakala kuphela isiphuzo yendabuko Iraq - arak.

Ezokuzijabulisa eBaghdad

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo muzi kuyinto kwenkululeko luyingxenye Islamic, futhi ahlukahlukene lapha asibekezeleleki, thola ukuzijabulisa umphefumulo sisengakwazi. Funa amapaki, izindawo zasendle bukhoma, ama-zoo, iindawo ezimazombe olunothile futhi izimakethe amatasatasa - kokuzitika enjalo Baghdad abadumile. Dolobha yase-Iran, Tehran, futhi omunye izikhungo of the inkolo Muslim, kodwa siphawula ukuthi emzini isimo unesicefe kakhulu. Izivakashi ngokuvamile ukudida nalawa mazwe amabili, futhi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi Iran Uyoletha kubo lezimanga more, kodwa okungokoqobo amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene. Lapha ungakwazi baphumule izingane, ukugibela ugibele, zama amaswidi lendawo, futhi ngemva kwalokho wathi ukuhambahamba kwi ezizungezile amahle aluhlaza, sizungezwe wamaSundu. Ayikho indlela kancane ofanelekayo ukuba nesikhathi esikhulu, uhambo zoo. E Baghdad, inikeza izakhamuzi ezingavamile kakhulu futhi exotic nezilwane ezishisayo.

Ukuze uphethe ...

Akunjalo udangele, scary ezicindezelayo, njengoba sivame ukuyichazela ezindabeni, eqinisweni nedolobha laseBaghdad. Inhloko-dolobha ye isimo, lapho futhi lokho okutholakalayo, akubona bonke uyazi, kodwa uma ubheka zibe zayo umlando, amasiko kanye ukuhlola okungenani kanye ukuya khona, singabona okuphambene. Lena kuyiqiniso Islamic Museum, elihlanganisa nezinkolelo lasendulo nalezo zici ngokuthi ama-Arabhu, futhi le mikhondo izenzakalo zamanje.