Far East: Amathemba ukuthuthukiswa (izici jikelele)

Indawo enkulu WaseRussia inquma ukubukeka ambitious kakhulu futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo ezithembisa imibono ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi ezindaweni ezithile. Phakathi kwezindawo yalezi zinyathelo zithathwe in a inqwaba - Ekude. Ngenxa naziphi izinzuzo esifundeni kungaba ngamandla ukwakha? Ayini amathemba ukuthuthukiswa naseMpumalanga Ekude?

izici Jikelele zaseMpumalanga Ekude

esifundeni Far Eastern Russia - endaweni ebalulekile isici samasosha ezazibalulekile empini, kanti kwezomnotho. Inani endaweni besifunda - mayelana 36% wendawo WaseRussia. Amathemba yentuthuko zaseMpumalanga Ekude lihlotshaniswa khona lapha ndathane imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Nokho, umkhuba wokusebenzisa amathuba okuthuthukisa izindawo zabo esifundeni nzima nengqalasizinda enganele, kanye labantu ukufuduka.

Ibanga ukusuka eMoscow, isikhungo zezombusazwe kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali Russian Federation, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubonakale njengendlela isivikelo kakhulu ekuthuthukeni Ekude. Umqondo samanje inqubomgomo angaphandle Russian kuhilela eqinisa isikhundla wezwe esifundeni Asia-Pacific. Ngalokho ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo lo msebenzi sihilela ikhambi izinkinga ezishiwo ngqo eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, inkanuko ukufukulwa komnotho etholakala lapha RF izifundo. Ngakho-ke, isimo unaka ngokukhethekile ukuba esifundeni.

izinzuzo ukuncintisana eMpumalanga Ekude

Amathemba yentuthuko zaseMpumalanga Ekude kungenxa yokungabikho zako ukuncintisana phezu kwezinye izingxenye Russia. Lezi zihlanganisa i-ukusondela okuyo izimakethe ezinkulu Asia-Pacific - China, South Korea ne-Vietnam. lezi iminotho ikhula kancane. Eyesibili inzuzo yokuncintisana ezibaluleke kakhulu ezijatshulelwa eMpumalanga Ekude (Amathemba ukuthuthukiswa zensimu kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo kungenzeka ukuthi ngezinga elithile) - ukuba khona inani elikhulu kwemithombo yemvelo: amalahle, uwoyela, igesi, i-iron, izinsimbi non-ayoni, ukhuni. Okwesithathu, lo inzuzo yokuncintisana esifundeni - ku ukwehluka sezulu. Ithola ezingaba ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo eliseMpumalanga Ekude ngenjongo yokuthuthukisa ezolimo.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza yentuthuko ngempumelelo esifundeni

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo amathemba ukuthuthukiswa Ekude yeRussia kungenziwa igcwaliseke? Okokuqala, lokho kuzodinga impela utshalomali olwenziwe kwizingqalasizinda - ezokuthutha, amandla. Umugqa olandelayo ebalulekile yomsebenzi - ukuze sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi ukuze sithuthukise izinga jikelele ofeleba kohlelo kwezomnotho, imali ukukhula intela izinkokhelo lesifunda kuya isabelomali. Isixazululo sale nkinga eduze kwenye isici esibalulekile imisebenzi isimo kohlaka ukuthuthukiswa zaseMpumalanga Ekude amathuba - kumiswa isidingo eqinile emakethe esifundeni.

Esinye isici esibalulekile umsebenzi iziphathimandla - yokuhlala Uphakeme yezakhamuzi ukuyeka ezifudukayo kwezinye izingxenye Russian Federation futhi, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza eMpumalanga Ekude acela ethutha kusuka kwezinye izifunda.

toolkit isimo

Yiziphi amathuluzi ezisebenzayo ukuqaphela amathemba ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Ekude, has isimo? Okokuqala, kulabo abacwaningi nibhekane izinsiza ukusungula esifundeni lamahlukuzo ekhethekile kwezomnotho, elinesimo izinga eliphakeme utshalomali elikhangayo - ikakhulukazi ozakwethu angaphandle. Ithuluzi olandelayo, okuyinto neziphathimandla - kungenzeka nokwanda okuphawulekayo imali sabantu abasebenza emkhakheni womphakathi, ngokusebenzisa Inkomba abafanele zomsebenzi isinxephezelo. Siyabonga kulesi sici, uhulumeni angakwazi ukwandisa ukukhula isidingo ngempumelelo ezimakethe umthengi, futhi ukuthuthukisa ukukhanga kwesifunda yokufuduka izakhamuzi ezivela kwezinye izifunda Russian.

Inani enkulu nezimali amathemba ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho eMpumalanga Ekude kungenziwa igcwaliseke ngawo, bagxila ezandleni amabhizinisi angasese, okuhloswe ngazo ukusebenzisana ezakhayo neziphathimandla. isimo ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvumelana abahlaziyi abaningi, kuthiwa lidlondlobala ngenxa unswinyo Western, yalahla iRussia. Osomabhizinisi abavela eRussia, abangenalo ukufinyelela ezimakethe angaphandle ngenxa yemikhawulo yokufakelwa, ngandlela-thile isiqondiso kokubukeza imisebenzi esivuna imali kuleli lizwe. Far East angasebenza ngabo esifundeni zikhanga esikhathini isici ukutshalwa kwezimali eside.

ubambiswano International eliseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia nase China

Inzalo ukuba kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa zaseMpumalanga Ekude, sebevele ekuboniseni abalingani abaningi bezinye izizwe we Russian Federation. Phakathi ngobukhulu - yebo, China. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2013 inani - lapho kwakungekho unswinyo Western - ukuhweba phakathi Ekude China zaba angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 zamaRandi .. izinkomba ohambelana nayo yonke ithuba sokwanda okusheshayo kwasekuqaleni, ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo nezomnotho, ukuphetha ku amathuba ukuthuthukiswa zaseMpumalanga Ekude, futhi okwesibili, ngenxa umfutho eyengeziwe ukuze siqhubekisele phambili ukukhula inzuzo phakathi Russia nase-China ngenxa unswinyo Western.

Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2020 imali yezohwebo phakathi eChina naseRussia uyofinyelela $ 200 billion. Inani abalulekile kungenzeka ukwenzeka iphrojekthi Ekude, okuyinto ibuthinta ngokuqondile ku iphayiphi adumile "Amandla yeSiberia". Yona izokwakhiwa ku imiphumela izivumelwano we Russian Federation neChina, waphetha ngo-2014. Mayelana kwalokho, lokho amathemba yentuthuko aseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude kuzovula ngokuqondene basayine isivumelwano efanele, in a Ngamafuphi akunakwenzeka ukusho. Kodwa uma sizama - ambitious kunazo.

Kodwa inqobo nje uma siqhubeka eMpumalanga Ekude. Yiziphi ezinye izifundazwe baye bazwakalisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukuba ubambisane Russia kule ndawo?

Ekude South Korea

South Korea unesithakazelo yokuthi kanye Russia ukuhlola amathuba anikezwa Ekude. Amathemba yentuthuko wokubambisana phakathi Russia nase-South Korea zihlobene ngokuyinhloko emkhakheni ezimbonini. Trade inzuzo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili ngo-2013 kwafaniswa ne izibalo Cooperation zaseMpumalanga Ekude neChina, futhi zaba cishe u- $ 5 billion.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwabanye amaphrojekthi ukusebenza eRussia nabo bayamenywa ochwepheshe kusukela North Korea. Mhlawumbe kuzoba isici eyengeziwe rapprochement phakathi uthi ezimbili lapho isizwe esisodwa uhlala.

EMpumalanga Ekude, e-North Korea

Empeleni, ukubambisana okuqondile phakathi Russia nase-North Korea nazo ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. On imiphumela 2014 imali ukuhweba phakathi kwamazwe luye lwabonisa izibalo nesizotha - cishe u- $ 30 million. Kodwa kuba ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-70% ngaphezulu kuka-2013. Mayelana 25 abameleli izinkampani ebusweni North Korea sika eliseMpumalanga Ekude. North-Korean isimo nenqubo yokungena osomabhizinisi Russian waba lula kakhulu.

Ekude Japan

Japan ibikade ifinyeleleka a yokuhweba umlingani ezinkulu yeRussia. Ngenxa lwesifundo phakathi izindawo ezibalulekile lapho ukuxhumana efanele ziyasetshenziswa, - Ekude. Amathemba sokuthuthukiswa Russian-Japanese ukuhweba ngokubambisana isethubeni elikhulu. Nokho, manje, ukuqaliswa kwabo okuwusizo bungaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi Japan usejoyine unswinyo Western. Nokho, izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa amathuba ukuzinza wokubambisana phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, futhi abawona ezimbi.

Yimaphi amanye amazwe akhe ubambisana naseMpumalanga Ekude? Amathemba sokuthuthukisa ukubambisana, ikakhulukazi nge Vietnam Singapore Kuhlolwa njengoba omuhle kakhulu ngochwepheshe. Ngakho, imali ukuhweba phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili ngo-2013 zaba ingqikithi $ 300 million. By the way, akekho kubo alibonisi intshisekelo yomphakathi kulandela umugqa we West maqondana Russia. Ngakho-ke, kukhona njalo ithuba olunye Russian nokubambisana ukukhula, eVietnam futhi Singapore eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Esikhathini esizayo, mhlawumbe esifundeni ukusungula ngokubambisana eRussia nakwamanye amazwe - India, i-Latin America, eNingizimu Afrika.

IMpumalanga Ekude US

Umnotho ngobukhulu emhlabeni ubhekwa omunye initiators ehola lwezijeziso, yalahla iRussia, kodwa ngaphambi uhlobano phakathi eRussia kanye namazwe aseNtshonalanga enkundleni ngamazwe usufinyelele, amathemba babambisane Russian Federation ne-United States eliseMpumalanga Ekude baboné ochwepheshe eziningi isuke icashile. kwaba Ngakho isithakazelo American esikhathini ukwakhiwa zezimboni amabhizinisi, ingqalasizinda, amakhaya, ukutshala kwezolimo. Kunzima ukusho, ngangokunokwenzeka resumption wokubambisana phakathi Russia nase-US ngo esifundeni futhi. Kodwa abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi yangasese US corporations - ngokungafani, cishe, uhulumeni wase-US siqhubeke aphathe Russia njengoba umlingani onokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kufaka ekhatsi isici eziqalisweni ethembisa eliseMpumalanga Ekude.

IMpumalanga Ekude kanye EAEC

Phakathi kwezici abalulekile kakhulu futhi omuhle ukuthi kungathikameza ukukhula zaseMpumalanga Ekude - ukuhlanganiswa komnotho Russian namazwe EAEC: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia.

Ifanele Area lobambiswano uthi kuthathwa emizameni yokuthuthukisa amaphrojekti ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene isikhala ezivamile kwezomnotho - kuhlanganise Ekude, naphezu abalulekile remoteness ezindawo lokhu ingxenye Russian Federation kusuka Allied. Osomabhizinisi ezivela emazweni EAEC, abacwaningi bakholelwa, ingenza kahle elikhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isimiso sezomnotho yesifunda Russian.

uhlelo Uhulumeni

Izinkinga kanye amathemba ukuthuthukiswa zaseMpumalanga Ekude kufundvwe ezingeni wombuso. Ngenxa yalokho zeminyaka umsebenzi iziphathimandla ke isu yentuthuko kwezenhlalo nezomnotho Ekude iBaikal esifundeni. Leligxathu sivunyiwe ngo-December 2009. Kufanele igcwaliseke kuze 2025. Ukuhlola izinkinga futhi amathemba ukuthuthukiswa Ekude, isimo usethe umsebenzi - ukwakha uhlelo lesifunda izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka eliphezulu impilo yezakhamuzi abahlala kuwo.

Lonke inani utshalomali ukuthi izonikezwa uhlelo kufana ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 411. ulindele ukudala ayizinkulungwane 69,9 ekupheleni kwaqedwa imisebenzi esifundeni ukuze wandise ivolumu GDP engxenyeni ohambelana we Russian Federation ngo izikhathi 2.6, ivolumu kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa -. Izikhathi 2.3 isamba ukutshalwa - izikhathi 3.5, inani izakhamuzi ilungu lalolo kwezomnotho - izikhathi 1.1.

imisebenzi yamanje

Iziphi izinselele abhekana nazo iziphathimandla yombuso kanye yasendaweni isici nentuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho zaseMpumalanga Ekude okwamanje?

Phakathi kwalabo:

- ukwenza ngcono induduzo labantu bukhoma;

- inkanuko okwandisa share zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba ku komphakathi labantu Izikhonzi Russian Federation, amalungu Far Eastern Federal District kanye iBaikal esifundeni (imali umuntu osebenza kumele kube izikhathi okungenani 6 ubuncane ukudla);

- ekunyusweni Izishoshovu, ukwethulwa imiqondo emisha zemfundo;

- ukwandisa ezingeni utshalomali ukukhanga esifundeni;

- sesimanje uhlelo lukagesi;

- ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha;

- sesimanje zokuxhumana;

- inkanuko imizamo ibhizinisi ngokunciphisa ubushiqela nokususa izingqinamba ezihlukahlukene;

- Ukukhuthaza nekusebenta izinqubo zomthetho;

- ekuthuthukiseni imvelo.

Yiqiniso, emisebenzini okuqhubekayo umsebenzi isimo - kuya phambili wakha ubambiswano amabhizinisi isiRashiya, nohulumeni bezinye izizwe kanye nezinkampani.

Ngakho, sabuka izinkinga main futhi amathemba ukuthuthukiswa Ekude. Le ndawo ine insiza enhle engokwemvelo abangaba zezulu kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango ezicini eziningi isimo geopolitical. Kukhona amathemba sokuthuthukiswa ezokuthutha eliseMpumalanga Ekude, ingqalasizinda yomphakathi, izimboni, ezolimo kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi yomnotho. Isithakazelo ebambisene nezinkampani esifundeni baye bazwakalisa umnotho ezinkulu, eduze kubo - China, South Korea, eVietnam, Singapore.

Izinkinga kanye amathemba ukuthuthukiswa komnotho zaseMpumalanga Ekude ukukhuthalele wafunda abacwaningi Russian angaphandle. Sihlala njalo sisebenzela phezu nokwenza eminye yesu lokwengamela ngendlela ukuthuthukiswa izici eziyingqayizivele esifundeni. Kulokhu, umdlandla ubudlelwano ezakhayo, esekelwe amathuba kokuvula Ekude, okubonisa izinhlangano bobabili ezizimele nezikahulumeni - kokubili Russian angaphandle. Esikalini izinkampani abafisa ukuba abe khona kuwo esifundeni futhi ezahlukene kakhulu - kungaba njengoba amabhizinisi ezinkulu futhi amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi naphakathi.