Bank of England: Umlando kanye nencazelo

Kuzo zonke amabhange amakhulu ka -Europe, i-Bank of England ophethe endaweni ekhethekile udumo, futhi kunezizathu ezinhle kakhulu. Empeleni, kuba iqhawe double. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi yobudala bakhe kungaphezu yimuphi omunye amabhange kahulumeni European, futhi iyona endala isikhungo sezezimali lonke Albion. Shono nje necebo igama playful "Old Lady", ngaleyo ndlela ukubonisa ukuba conservatism yakhe.

Kanjani futhi nini Central Bank of England yasungulwa

Umlando waleli inhlangano iqala 1694. Nakuba uhulumeni futhi enkosini yaseNgilandi ayedinga loan ukuze yokuxhasa impi ngokumelene France. Wezimali Scottish okuthiwa uWilliam Peterson, ekhuphuka nge umqondo yokudala isikhungo sezezimali ekhethekile, okwakuyoholela uzitholele imali yamaphepha amasha futhi ngaleyo ndlela asibekela ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali. Ngenxa yalokho inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela, abanikazi okuyinto cishe 1260 bamasheya sidaliwe, kuhlanganise nenkosi uqobo, futhi Amalungu amaningana wePalamende. Usayizi lokuqala eyaphuma ngalo zaba amakhilogremu neshumi nambili, futhi lezi zimali babe le loan sokuqala kuhulumeni. Ngakho kwaba khona Bank of England - inhlangano, ngaphandle okuyinto kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kungaba uhlelo lwezimali is UK kakhulu nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

Umlando kumiswa

Ekuqaleni, le nhlangano unelungelo lokunikeza ukubolekisa kuvikelwe, ukuqhuba imisebenzi nge izikweletu kwezohwebo, udaba izikweletu zokwenana, athenge futhi athengise zegolide nezesiliva. Inkosi wayengekho amandla wakhe ngokuphelele - ukuthola loan, ayenakho ukuze uthole imvume yePhalamende. Kufanele ukuthi kuze 1979, unyaka ayinazo elawula umsebenzi kulesi sikhungo. Futhi lokhu nje nyaka, ekugcineni sesamukelwe umthetho ofanele, owawuthi Bank of England uhlela zonke credit izikhungo, ethatha idiphozithi. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, ngemva kokuhlola ngamunye wabo uthola isimo esisha. Kokuba noma obonwa Bank of England, noma izinkampani ilayisensi ukuthola imali. Ngo efanayo 1979, iziphathimandla ezweni ukuthatha ezandleni zabo Ababesadla ngoludala, eholwa uMargaret Thatcher, futhi focus iba komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali. Ukulawula imisebenzi amabhange eyenziwa nguhulumeni ngokusebenzisa ukudayiswa kanye ukuthengwa promissory amanothi. Khona-ke woza eminyakeni 90, futhi zicatshangelwa okubalulekile evulekile imisebenzi emakethe. I Bank of England, ekufezeni isinqumo Treasury, engena ukuthengiselana ukuze alawule ezingeni kwamanye amazwe izinqolobane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angakwenza futhi kumelwe angenele ukulawula izinga lwemali kazwelonke. Ngo-1997, phakathi Bank of England, i-Ofisi Obhekela futhi finregulirovaniyu futhi uMgcinimafa isayine isivumelwano, okuyinto sichaza imigomo kanye nemibandela nokusebenza kwabo bushelelezi, elibanzi eliqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzinza wezimali ka isimo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngoMeyi, ibhange elikhulu nohlobo uthola kusukela uhulumeni ilungelo lokwenza isinqumo yawo siqu ngokuqondene ukubaluleka zenzalo.

ukuphathwa

Inhloko yale umphathi isikhungo sezezimali (ngokuphila service - iminyaka 5), ingxenye Directorate. Ngaphandle kwakhe kule ngxenye umzimba unamalungu 16, aqokwe Uhulumeni iminyaka emithathu. 4 Umqondisi basonta abasebenzi beBhange, kuyilapho kusele abangu-12 - kuba amakhanda izinkampani ezinkulu. Directorate ubophekile ukuba lihlangane okungenani kanye ngenyanga futhi ziphathelene zonke izinkinga ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne nemisebenzi Bank. Unemibuzo esisebenzayo isixazululekile ezingeni leKomidi Treasury, esakhiwa 5 abaqondisi, umphathi kanye nephini lakhe.