Kanjani yeseli ezinzwa? Amaseli isimiso sezinzwa

Umzimba womuntu yakhiwa isigidintathu amangqamuzana obuchopho wedwa iqukethe cishe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane 100 izinzwa, nobukhulu nokuma okuhlukahlukene, osayizi. Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: kanjani iseli emsipheni, futhi lihluke kanjani kwezinye kumaseli emzimbeni?

Iinsetjenziswa amaseli sezinzwa

Njengezinye omzimba kakhulu womuntu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa ane-nucleus. Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye, bahlukile, njengoba babe, amagatsha eside kuchungechunge-like ukuthi baphathe emsipheni amaza.

Amaseli isimiso sezinzwa zifana nezinye, njengoba futhi ezungezwe ulwelwesi cell, abe core equkethe izakhi zofuzo cytoplasm, mitochondria nezinye organelles. Ababandakanyeka izinqubo lasisekelo yeselula ezifana amaprotheni zamagama kanye ukukhiqizwa energy.

Sezinzwa ezinzwa amaza

Isimiso sezinzwa siqukethe izinzwa. Nerve - isixha ezinzwa. Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e adlulisele ulwazi oluthile, ngokuthi namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Idatha ukuthi is adluliselwe ku-izinzwa, ngokuthi emsipheni amaza. Njengomhlaba amaza kagesi zidluliselwa Imininingwane ngesilinganiso okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. Nikeza axons okusheshayo okuwuphawu sezinzwa, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile camera myelin emgodleni.

Lokhu igobolondo ihlanganisa Axon efana ezinengilazi plastic ku izintambo kagesi futhi ivumela amaza emsipheni ukuhamba ngokushesha. Kuyini namangqamuzana ezinzwa? Anakho ukuma ekhethekile elikuvumela ukuba adlulisele isiginali kusuka kwesinye isitokisi bazifake kwesinye. A namangqamuzana ezinzwa inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: umzimba cell, dendrites kanye sebuningini Axon olulodwa.

izinhlobo izinzwa

Izinzwa ngokuvamile libhekwa ngesisekelo indima abayidlalayo emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo izinzwa - the sezinzwa kanye motor. izinzwa Ukudideka ukuqhuba ezinzwa izinzwa izitho sezinzwa futhi izitho zangaphakathi ukuze isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (CNS). Izinzwa, kunalokho, baphathe ezinzwa amaza kusukela CNS ezithweni, izindlala kanye nemisipha.

kwemizwa uhlelo amaseli ahlelwe ukuze zombili izinhlobo izinzwa ukusebenza ndawonye. izinzwa Ukudideka zinokwaziswa ngemvelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lezi idatha zisetshenziselwa Thumela amasignali ngokusebenzisa Izinzwa ukuthi atshele umzimba kanjani kufanele aphendule ulwazi.

synapse

Indawo lapho Axon elilodwa namangqamuzana ezinzwa ihlangabezana dendrites lomunye ibizwa ngokuthi synapse. Izinzwa ayaxhumana esebenzisa inqubo ye-electrochemical. Ekusabeleni ukuza chemical ngokuthi neurotransmitters.

umzimba weseli

Idivayisi kuyinto cell ezinzwa kudinga khona emzimbeni we kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana nezinye organelles. Dendrites futhi axons axhunyiwe emzimbeni cell, okusikhumbuza imisebe lovela ilanga. I dendrites ukuthola amaza ezivela kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Axons adlulisa ezinzwa amaza kagesi sibe kwamanye amangqamuzana.

Omunye namangqamuzana ezinzwa angase abe izinkulungwane dendrites, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuxhumana izinkulungwane kwamanye amangqamuzana. Axon camera myelin emgodleni - ungqimba onamafutha lehlukanisa futhi ivumela ukuba adlulisele isiginali ngokushesha.

mitochondria

Iphendula umbuzo ukuthi ukwakha kanjani yeseli emsipheni, kubalulekile ukuphawula isici obhekene supply amandla umzimba, okungase kalula ilahlwe. Kule nqubo, indima eyinhloko eyadlalwa mitochondria. Lezi organelles babe ulwelwesi zabo zangaphandle kwangaphakathi.

Umthombo oyinhloko yamandla ezikhungweni zokuphehla isimiso sezinzwa kuyinto glucose. Mitochondria aqukethe enzyme okudingekayo ukuguqula glucose compounds amandla-ocebile, ikakhulukazi e-molecule triphosphate adenosine (ATP), okungase uyiswe kwezinye izindawo umzimba ezidinga amandla abo.

core

A inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yama-protein zamagama iqala kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana. namangqamuzana ezinzwa nucleus iqukethe ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuthi lilondolozwe njengoba imigqa code of-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Ngamunye molecule ye-DNA iqukethe isimiso sezakhi zofuzo ukuze wonke amaseli asemzimbeni.

Iqala enqubeni core wokwakha amaprotheni amangqamuzana, ngokubhala ingxenye ohambelana ikhodi DNA amangqamuzana ayahambelana ribonucleic acid (RNA). Khishiwe kusuka nucleus ku uketshezi extracellular, bona yenze amaprotheni zamagama inqubo, lapho futhi iqhaza ngakho ngokuthi nucleoli. Lesi sakhiwo ahlukene ngaphakathi umongo, unesibopho ukwakha izakhiwo yamangqamuzana, ngokuthi ribosomes, abathintekayo amaprotheni zamagama.

Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ukwakha kanjani yeseli ezinzwa?

Izinzwa - amaseli olukhuni kakhulu futhi eside emzimbeni! Ezinye zazo zigcinwa emzimbeni womuntu phezu esaphila. Okunye amangqamuzana efa, baba esikhundleni emisha, kodwa izinzwa eziningi ayikwazi ukushintshwa. Njengoba bekhula, ziba sincipha isibalo sawo. Yingakho isisho ezinzwa musa sikhiqize. Nokho, lolu cwaningo ngekhulu ngasekupheleni lama-20 ukufakazela okuphambene. Ngo yezindawo zobuchopho, i-hippocampus, amangqamuzana ezinzwa amasha angakhula ngisho abadala.

Izinzwa kungaba mikhulu futhi ibe nobude a amamitha ambalwa (corticospinal futhi afferent). Ngo 1898, ungcweti owaziwa ngo isimiso sezinzwa Kamillo Goldzhi kubika ayekutholile - kudivayisi iribhoni-like, onguchwepheshe izinzwa e-cerebellum. Le divayisi manje iqanjwe kumdlali futhi ngokuthi "Golgi apharathasi" ezaziwayo.

Kusukela ukuthi ukwakha kanjani yeseli emsipheni, kufanele kuchazwe njengoba lisisakhiwo kwesakhiwo obusebenzayo isimiso sezinzwa, ukutadisha izimiso ezilula ukuthi singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela sokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ohlelweni autonomic sezinzwa, okuyindawo ehlanganisa amakhulu ezigidi amaseli sixhumene.