Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence: ngezibuyekezo nezithombe

Basilica of Santa Croce (Florence) - elinye lamasonto main edolobheni elikhulu kunawo wonke isonto Franciscan emhlabeni, ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 e isitayela Florentine Gothic, odumile njengoba onkulunkulu Florence ngenxa inani elikhulu emathuneni lapho bangcwatshwe amaNtaliyane abaningi abavelele.

History of the isakhiwo

Ngokusho yetinsita umsunguli Santa Croce iyona Frantsisk Assizsky (wafa ngo-1226), i-ongumvikeli Italy, owashiya ingcebo, ukunikeza abantu umbono wokuphenduka ukuthula. Nakuba ukwakhiwa yayo wacala 1295 kwisayithi ye ubugagu elincane lakhiwa Franciscans, eduze koMfula Arno. Igama Santa Croce (Florence) - Church of the Cross oNgcwele ngesiNtaliyane. uye eyenziwa iphrojekthi A. di Cambio waba umqophi zendawo umklami. Ukwakhiwa kwaba phezu kwemali Florentine imikhaya ocebile, ngubani njengelungelo ukuba ngokwezimali ukwakhiwa abode ongcwele, futhi owaqhubeka cishe iminyaka engu-150. Yangcwelisa sonto kwaba ngo 1443 uPapa Eugene 4th.

Ukubukeka esontweni sashintsha kaningi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene olungaphambili lwesonto Santa Croce (Florence): Photo yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. sikhombisa i unadorned ngokuphelele. Ukubukeka samanje olungaphambili lwesonto 3 Intanethi, ehlotshiswe ngemabula, senziwa kuphela 1853-1863 GG. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-N. Matas ngesitayela neo-Gothic emalini amaProthestani English, ikakhulukazi UMuphi British FJ. Sloane. Yingakho kule umhlobiso uvele blue Star ayisithupha wakhomba kaDavide, engesiyo uphawu ubuKristu.

Florence Basilica of Santa Croce (isithombe kanye nencazelo)

The main ingxenye isakhiwo esakhiwe ngesimo esiphambanweni T emise. Kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule, kancane kancane nxazonke ungeze izindlu (yesonto). I eziyizitezi engezansi sokukhulekela lihlotshiswe zokudlala enhle, engenhla - amawindi French. Ohlangothini kwesokunxele isakhiwo sihamba kuvulandi we umoya nokukhanya nemengamo.

Labhujiswa ngekhulu le-16., In 1512 umbhoshongo ubudala lwaqhekeka nombani, ke ilulame kuphela 1847 iphrojekthi J. Bakkani, futhi manje kuba ngaphezu omkhulu ukuze isakhiwo main.

Basil Santa Croce, Florence sihlanganisa 3 esigodlweni, omunye esiklanyelwe A.di Cambio. Enye, elise nasengxenyeni eseningizimu, elaklanywa Brunelleschi futhi ubhekwa zezindela amahle kakhulu Florence. A amancane esigodlweni 3rd (13 e.) Kuvalwa iqembu izakhiwo engavamile Franciscan.

Ngaphambi kwendlu yesonto Santa Croce esigcawini statue Dante, owenziwa umqophi E. Patsii e 1865. Ngaphambili, yena kwaba maphakathi, kodwa ngemva kwalokho ngayiswa ngenxa izenzakalo eduze isakhiwo.

Ingaphakathi Santa Croce

Ingxenye kwangaphakathi siqukethe esikhulu omkhulukazi isikhala ubude 115 m, zenziwe imiklamo eziyingqayizivele. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kwethempeli kudivayisi ehlukanisiwe lateral izinsika ezimbili mpo 8 kwesigaba carbon, okuyinto iqondiswa ibheke phezulu isuka empandeni lwaleli ezicijile.

Ngesikhathi elingaphakathi ngesinqumo Basilica kwaba ngesibindi ababezibheka, okuvumela ukuhlukanisa kusuka kwamanye izakhiwo kwezinkolo ezazikulo muzi. Khanyisa sidlula ngaphakathi kwewindi KaMose wenza A.Gaddi.

Ekhulwini le-16. ibandla kabusha okuhleliwe, ngenxa yalokho (ekuphetheni ochwepheshe) ilahlekelwe kancane ubuhle bayo. Eyeqayo wenza umshayo uhlobo, futhi zitholakala tombstones phansi, bangazihluphi cishe isikhala lonke kwethempeli.

I-Altare Lomnikelo esontweni nemidwebo

I nemidwebo ukuthi kuhlobisa izindonga eduze kwe-altare main, eyenziwe A. uGadi (1387) esekelwe legend of the Cross Iqiniso. Ohlangothini lwesokunene: Michael egatsheni Ingelosi Eyinhloko emthini wokwazi Ukudluliselwa, i-Queen aseSheba ekukhulekeleni Umuthi Cross, nabanye ngakwesokunxele - St Helena iletha Cross Elingcwele eliseJerusalema, khona-ke inkosi elisusa uPercy kwakhe, umbusi WaseByzantium uHeraclius ibuyisela Cross eJerusalema, njalo njalo ... d. Fresco futhi zakha sebuningini yasendlini futhi inganekwane izigcawu. Beautiful ubudala amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile ibala benziwa ekhulwini le-14.

polyptych Altare, eyabhalwa N. Gerini, okubonisa Madonna and Child, panel ohlangothini zenziwa nezinye abaculi, phezulu - "Ukubethelwa", zaveza by amakhosi Giotto esikoleni.

AmaHubo bugcizelelwa altare ingenye imidwebo eziyingqayizivele esontweni - "Ukubethelwa", okuyinto wadalwa master Cimabue. Le Umdwebo ezinkulu (4,5h3,9 m), ibekwe esiphambanweni sokhuni, kubhekwa version umxhwele kakhulu ukubethelwa. Nokho, yini uzamcolo 1966 Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa kabi ukuthi ngisho nemizamo sokubuyiselwa azikwazanga uyibuyisele ngokuphelele.

Chapel isonto

Yesontfweni Santa Croce (Florence) elise transepts Chapel 16 (amahora), ngamunye okuyinto isandiso olulodwa. Chapel ehlotshiswe eqoshiwe esiyingqayizivele kanye eziqoshiwe eminyaka ehlukene, ayezenza abaculi abadumile kakhulu Italy: Matteo Rosell, J ukuba San Giovanni, Fra Bartolomeo, J. Lee Bondone nabafundi bakhe ...

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo:

• Chapel Maggiore Umfanekiso "Legend of St Cross" A.Gaddi wenziwa (1380).
• Castellani yesonto ne eqoshiwe by A. uGadi nge izigcawu nokuphila Saints (1385).
• Baronchelii Chapel ne ethuneni umkhaya nokuthi umpofu, zaveza ngu T. uGadi "Madonna", ngakolunye izindonga - Motifs nokuphila of the Virgin Mary.
• Rinuccini Chapel yiyona wizadi John. Di Milano, esibonisa ukuphila likaMariya Magdalena uMariya (1379).
• Peruzzi yesonto iqukethe isithombe yokuphila uMbhapathizi J. futhi I. Evangelist, zaveza ngu Giotto.
• Capella Bardi - likhanyisa impilo FR Assisi (umculi Giotto).
• Okunye Chapel (Medici Tosin, Pulci et al.) Futhi ilondoloza art elingenakuqhathaniswa.

Ngaphakathi the Basilica iseningizimu sezindela egcekeni, okuyindawo futhi likwazi ukufinyelela yesonto. Ngakho, Cappella dei Pazzi, ngokuthi "itshe eliyigugu weqiniso of Early Renaissance," ehlotshiswe imisebenzi elihle Brunelleschi (1443), ehlotshiswe amakhosi adumile Italian D. da Settignano, L. izindaba Robbia, J .. Da Maia. Ngaphambi Chapel kuyinto pronaos ehlanganisa aseKorinte amakholomu. Ngo 1461, yena wambozwa Dome encane.

Onkulunkulu Santa Croce

Ebandleni Santa Croce (Florence) amanga abantu edume kakhulu e-Italy futhi izakhamuzi elihloniphekile Florence. Ingxenye amathuna - kweqiniso, lapho bangcwaba osaziwayo kwabafileyo, kuyilapho abanye ngokuthi cenotaphs, - gravestones ukuthi awanalo isidumbu.

Santa Croce ubhekwa endaweni azalelwa kuyo Renaissance, njengoba Isikhumbuzo iqukethe ethuneni L. Bruni, inqubomgomo isiNtaliyane, ezidalwe 1444 yinkosi
B. Rossellino. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo isibe imodeli imisebenzi esizayo Yenguquko, kuhlanganise lethuna K. Marsuppini eduze odongeni enyakatho esontweni.

Amathuna edume kunazo zitholakala kanye ilungelo nave odongeni eningizimu:

• Isikhumbuzo Michelangelo-ngokudayisa kwakhiwa Vazari master (1579), kanye sebuningini umsebenzi izingcezu kanye eziqoshiwe J. Battista noB Ciol. Nakuba Michelangelo wafa eRoma, kodwa washiyela bangcwabe yena ezweni lakubo. Lapho efeza umsebenzi wayo, futhi ngemvume lemeya Florence, AL Buanarotti weba umzimba Michelangelo eRoma wamletha ngasese lapha.

• Cenotaph Dante Aligeri futhi esifanekisweni amaqhawe imisebenzi yakhe esenziwe umqophi Ricci (1829).
• Isikhumbuzo Machiavelli ukusebenza Spinatsii (1787).
• Engcwabeni, uGalileo Galilei, ngubani Nokho, washona ngo-1642, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa yesonto awuzange wangcwatshwa ngokwesiko yobuKristu kwaze kwaba yilapho 1737 ke isidumbu sakhe athuthelwa ibekwe esontweni, esiveza kanye ngokudayisa uGalileo wenza Dzh.Battista Foggini.

• Itshe eliyinhloko umqambi George. Rossini, owadumisa opera Italy sika "The Barber waseSeville." iminyaka 9 ngemva kokufa e 1868 e-Paris, isidumbu sakhe sase uyiswa uPère Lachaise emathuneni futhi wangcwatshwa Florence lapha.
• Itshe lethuna mlando ohlakaniphile N. Machiavelli.
• Tomb kaJosefa Napoleon nendodakazi yakhe nabanye.

Sekukonke, isonto wangcwatshwa cishe 300 amaNtaliyane ovelele, itshe lethuna ngasinye lihlotshiswe ukubaza kanye bas-imifanekiso.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Omunye ezikhangayo isonto - wenza i-Florentine Pio Fedi e 1883. statue Izinkondlo, anikezelwe imemori imbongi nombhali wamafilimu J. Battista Nikollini .. It efakwe ethuneni lakhe Basilica of St. Cross.

Lesi sibalo efana Statue of Liberty, umsebenzi umqophi omkhulu French FR Bartholdi (1887). abazi kanjani Bartholdi ngo-1870 wahlala e Florence futhi bekubonakala sengathi liphefumulelwe umsebenzi umqophi Italy.

isithakazelo Omkhulu phakathi izivakashi iyona cenotaph imbongi edumile Dante (1265-1321), etholakala esontweni Santa Croce (Florence). Indaba ethuneni imbongi, ezazidume ngokutshala yakhe "Divine Comedy" futhi wadala yesimanje etemibhalo isiNtaliyane, eyathatha amakhulu amaningana eminyaka. Nokho, ngemva kokufa imbongi Florence uzabalaza emzini Ravenna ilungelo ukuthutha futhi ayingcwabe isidumbu sakhe, angeke ukufeza lokhu. Kwathi ekhulwini le-14. iphutha nababusi izakhamuzi omkhulu eFlorence, ngubani zaxoshwa emzini wabo Dante ngokuphawula okunganambitheki nokubukwa ukuphikiswa. Umlobi kuhanjiswe ku Ravenna, nalapho afike ashonela khona. Lapho Florence wancenga ukuba alinike nomlotha Dante, le Ravenna abuhlangananga, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi a sarcophagus Santa Croce imele awunalutho.

Santa Croce: indawo, amahora amarobhothi, amanani

Ukuze uthole leli sonto abadumile, ufika Piazza Santa Croce (Florence), lapho ukuthi kuyazuzisa yini ngempela. Le ndawo ezinsukwini wayeneminyaka le nkundla SMME kanye tournaments, manje sekuyinto indawo imikhosi, kwenta kanye amakhonsathi. Iphinde eyenziwa kwesinye isikhathi mncintiswano Florentine football, lapho abadlali abagqoké zokubhukuda lasendulo uzokwazi ngo imithetho ezinzima ubudala.

Santa Croce (Florence) amahora Museum-isonto kusukela 9.30 ukuze 17,30 ngezinsuku zeviki nangoMgqibelo, amaholide - kusukela 14.00 kuya 17.00.

Inani lebandleni amathikithi: 8 euro, ehlisiwe amathikithi eyenzelwe izingane ezineminyaka engu eminyakeni 11-17, abafundi - 4 euro, ukungena khulula izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-11 ubudala, izakhamuzi Florence, abakhubazekile kanye nalabo abangakwazi eyayihambisana nalo.

Izibuyekezo

Izivakashi ngokuvakashela ibandla elihle Santa Croce (Florence), umbukwane eziwubukhazikhazi amakhulu ngokubabazekayo: zonke yesonto yesontfweni - emnyuziyamu ehlukile, ethula imisebenzi abaculi omkhulu, itshe lethuna ngasinye - iyingqayizivele yobuciko sculptural. Imicabango kanye nemizwa ukuthi esashiwo Umbhali odumile Stendhal, abavakashele Basilica: injabulo asemngceleni hlonipho. Uqinisile umbono ofanayo kulendlu omkhulukazi e abantu yesimanje.