Billionaire American Howard Hughes biography, ama-movie, izithombe

Howard Robard Hyuz, Jr. (12/24/1905 - 05/04/1976) - umshayeli American, kukasomabhizinisi umkhiqizi waziwa kakhulu nokuzonda kwakhe emphakathini, kanye endleleni asebenzisa ingcebo yakhe.

i-curriculum vitae

Govard Hyuz wazalelwa e Houston, Texas, indodana unjiniyela izimayini Howard Robard Hughes Sr. no-Allen Gano. Lo mfana kwaba iminyaka emithathu ubudala lapho uyise athuthukile kancane esiye sashintsha yokubhola kwemithombo uwoyela ulilethele inzuzo enkulu inkampani yakhe. Nakuba abazali bakhe ngabantu wokuziphilisa nobudlelwano, Govard Ros onokuthula introspective, singabi nandaba esikoleni, ngaphandle propensity zezibalo kanye nekhono ukudala ama-athikili kusuka ngocingo futhi Scrap Metal. Kakhulu enamathiselwe kunina, wayengumuntu ukwesabe uyise. Wonke umuntu elamvakashela kweminyaka, wathi Govard Hyuz (isithombe esithathwe kamuva esihlokweni) baye akakaze acabange ukuthi ulingana kubo.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nane ungeniswe eSikoleni Fessenden e West Newton, Massachusetts. Ikhaya ngamaholidi, unina akamvumelanga ukuba ukugibela isithuthuthu, zikwenze uzitshele ukuthi kungaphephile. Wabe esephendukela ibhayisikili lakhe libe Moped, usebenzisa izingxenye ukuziqalela imoto nebhethri. Kwesinye isenzakalo, lapho uyise amthembise ukuthi uyonika lokho afuna, Hughes wakhetha uhambo ngomkhumbi flying. Ngakho wathola ubuhle zezindiza, okuyinto Ngokushesha waba kukhathazeka.

I abasha usozigidi

I kancane sokuprakthiza Hughes yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni American uwoyela. Ukuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe futhi ngaphezulu California, ngo-September 1921, abazali Howard sika amthume Thacher School Ohae, cishe ngo-112 km enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Los Angeles. Umalume wakhe Rupert Hyuz kwaba umbhali okuholela ku Hollywood, futhi ngalo umndeni bajwayelana izingqimba ephakeme omphakathi wendawo. Entwasahlobo ka-1922 umama Howard washona ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ubaba nendodana wabuyela Houston, lapho ngo-1924, 'uHughes Sr. wabulawa isifo senhliziyo phakathi nomhlangano inhlangano yokuthengisa.

Govard Hyuz, ogama biography sonakala ukulahlekelwa abazali prime yezimpilo zabo, waqala ukuba hypochondria, ngokwesaba ukufa futhi amagciwane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-nesishiyagalombili. Wabe ukuyeka izifundo zakhe e-Institute of Ilayisi e Houston wenze ibhizinisi. Ukuba ngofuzo 75% esigxotsheni inkampani kayise, wathengela asele 25%, okuyinto Kwasakazwa phakathi kwezihlobo. Lokhu kwadingeka ukufuna eside futhi inqubo kanzima sokucasuka eziningi amahlazo, Nokho, okuyinto, ambalwa kakhulu ukhathazwa Howard. Hughes wathi ukuze ukuthatha umyalo, kufanele babe nokhahlo abantu. Kule esiphakeme kakhulu angazange hlanhlatha.

Govard Hyuz nabesifazane yakhe

Usomabhizinisi Young akakuthandanga ohlangothini zokuphatha ibhizinisi lakhe, futhi waqasha abantu wayazi ukuthi kumelwe enzeni, cishe ngaphandle iqhaza lakhe. isinqumo sakhe saphumelela, futhi inkampani bachuma, okuvumela Hughes ukuze abe nesikhathi esithé xaxa. Ngokushesha waba nesithakazelo umhlali Houston Elloy Rays, lapho ashada khona ngo-1925. Akha e-Los Angeles, lapho wanquma ukuba abe Howard movie umkhiqizi.

Hughes wayeyindoda kuyize ukunikeza iseluleko. Wenza noma yini ayithandayo. ifilimu yakhe yokuqala, Swell Hogan, kwaba kubi kangangokuthi ayizange ikhishwe, kodwa yesibili, Wonke umuntu ukuthi Acting ( «zonke play," 1926), kwaba yimpumelelo, njengoba ababili Arabian Knights ( «ababili Arab Knight", 1927 g) Eqondiswa Lewis Milestone uWilliam Boyd e indima isihloko. iribhoni Kugcine alethwe Milestone "Oscar" ahamba phambili kwamahlaya umqondisi. I amafilimu elandelayo Hughes, I ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa Shayela yethenisi (kokubili 1928), iphumelela ngokwanele ukuba ugqozi kuye ukuhoxisa yeqhawe mayelana zezindiza phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, "Angels yesihogo", lesi sigameko eyathatha iminyaka emibili nengxenye. Howard ngesandla esivulekile ngithuka imali, ukuthenga izindiza kanye ukuqasha bamabhanoyi, cishe ngokuya ngumnikazi encane wasemoyeni e eSan Fernando Valley. Isabelomali isithombe safinyelela ku- $ 4 million - inani eliphakeme lezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ngalezo zinsuku, futhi Hughes wathatha ezingaphezu kuka kwakudingekile izikhathi 300. Khishiwe ehlobo lika-1930 phakathi nokuwa kwezomnotho kazwelonke, ifilimu Yamukelwa ngezandla ezifudumele, kodwa kwathatha isikhathi eside ukuba nezindleko.

Izindleko zihlanganisa umshado Howard. Hughes ahlukana ngalo Elloy Rays - labuyela Houston, bethi akunakwenzeka ukushada nendoda elihlanyiswa umsebenzi wakhe futhi Kwakuqabukela ekhaya. Ngemva kwalokhu umkhiqizi wathandana actress Billi Dav, ngubani izinkanyezi ku ezimbili ifilimu yakhe olandelayo ethi The Age of Love ( «Age of Love") kanye Iqhude we Air. Baphuma ngo-1931, kodwa abaphumelelanga njengoba lithandana Dove, owawungumnyaka kuqala ujenga izingobe yakhe abadlali. Govard Hyuz futhi Ava Gardner, yena, futhi noRita Hayworth, Dzhindzher Rodzhers, Lana Turner, Ida Lupino, Bett Deyvis, Sid Charris - Bethuka bonke ngesikhathi esisodwa abathandi sikhathi.

Kumila yezindiza

Hyuz Govard Aircraft Yokuqala Umhlaba luye lwabonisa waphinda ifilimu "Devils Ezulwini sika" (1931), lapho indima esemqoka eyadlalwa Spenser Treysi, kodwa ifilimu kuhlulekile ukuphinda amacala, "Angels yesihogo". izinto ezingcono kakhulu ezazisemizini Front Page (1931) kanye Scarface (1932), okuyinto ezibhekwa mini-classic.

Hughes wathi leyoteyipu wakhe ozayo uzoba nezindiza, kodwa ukulawula inkampani Ithuluzi Hughes wamelana kokuchitha imali kwenye yeqhawe. Walalela iseluleko sabo, nakakhulu kunalokho ababekulindele. Govard Hyuz ifilimu hhayi kuphela waqala suka, Waze wenqaba ibhizinisi ifilimu. Ngo-1933 yena wasungula e Glendale, California, Hughes Aircraft. yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba kamuva, bathutha ke e Culver City, indawo akhulela kuyo kwelinye izinkampani enenzuzo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izindiza emhlabeni.

emoyeni ace

Govard Hyuz - umshayeli wendiza ngo-1934, umklomelo ngesikhathi Zonke-American emoyeni imincintiswano e Miami, ukuzanywa le "Boeing" owabathenga kusukela US Army futhi reworked ku indiza yamahhashi. Ngo-September 1935, yena usetha irekhodi elisha isivinini imoto, lapho aveza khona, futhi ngo-January ngonyaka ozayo, usetha irekhodi elisha onqamula isivinini, ngendiza eLos Angeles ukuze Newark, New Jersey, I-9 h. 12 imiz. umoya wakhe adventure wamenzela sibalo othandwayo kuleli cindezela bese ku yomoya, ikakhulukazi ngo-1938, lapho aguqulwa ezimbili injini "Lockheed-14" eneqembu abantu abane ukuthi azungeza umhlaba ngezinsuku 3 12 h. 28 imiz. Ngo-May 1939, inkampani, okuyinto kamuva waziwa ngokuthi Trans World Airlines, laba impahla yabantwana Howard. Hughes nge Kwathi emakethe zezindiza ngokuhweba, ekwindla ka ngonyaka ofanayo Wathoma lapho ke ukudizayina izinhlobo ezintsha izindiza zempi uma kwenzeka United States ukuhileleka empini.

Icala lokubulala

Juni 11, 1936 Hughes ubeshayela ku Wilshire Boulevard washayiseka ingakenzeki ukufa igama Gabriel Meyer. Waboshwa futhi icala lokubulala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukushayela wakhe budedengu, waphula umthetho, Hughes wadedelwa ngaphandle kwenkokhelo. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Govard Hyuz: Imfihlo Yokuphila" (2004), Charlz Hayem uveza ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku, abashushisi basenkantolo wesifunda angase futhi badayise, futhi umnikazi isamba elanele ongakhokhela off cishe noma yini.

"Outlaw"

Ngo-1940 Hughes eyasungulwa enye inkampani ukukhiqizwa. Wamemezela ukuthi wayeyokwenza ifilimu mayelana Billy Quidet obonisa abadlali engaziwa njengoba Billy nentombi yakhe. Kulo mBhalo, wakhetha nesishiyagalolunye Dzheyn Rassel, ngokusobala, ngenxa ngokudayisa yayo evuthiwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isithombe I Outlaw ( «Outlaw", 1943) yabekwa ukucwaninga, eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi wamboza abezindaba. Hughes ngokwakhe bazibandakanye ekuqondiseni. Ngemva kokuvinjelwa kokuqala ku ngokubonisa isithombe, wagcina wathola imvume yokuqasha, kodwa wanquma ulinde kweminyaka emibili ukuze ilukuluku zomphakathi khulu. Ngokufanele ngokuthi ifilimu aweve ezimbi, I Outlaw zazenzela izigidi Howard.

Hughes ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula isithombe kwakudingeka wenziwe. Ngo-1943, yena noMbutho umakhi womkhumbi uHenry Kaiser futhi inkontileka uhulumeni ukwakha ezintathu omkhulu ezindizayo izikebhe. Kodwa Yakhiwa eyodwa kuphela - lena indiza adumile "Hercules" Howard Hughes. Oda ezikebheni flying sahoxiswa lapho kucaca ukuthi akuqedwanga ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa empini. Okunye izivumelwano ukuthi indiza nazo kukhanselwe.

kuphahlazeka indiza

Njalo ongavamile ku imikhuba yabo nokuziphatha, le tycoon isibe ome njengeqanda nakakhulu. Noma kunjalo, Govard Hyuz, ogama biography ugcwele wezingozi, kwadingeka zinekhono elimangalisayo ukuze bahlale bephila. Julayi 7, 1946 ngesikhathi indiza isivivinyo sakhe izinjini XF-11 kunqatshelwe. Indiza iphahlazeke, yamila futhi zishiswe. Pilot ngikhishwa bhasi nge amabele nokuwohloka kwesikhumba, izimbambo ephukile wenqaba ukukhanya. Odokotela angabaze ukuthi wayeyophila. Noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi magnate ngenyanga waphinde futhi kungakabiphi yaqala ukuba fly futhi. Bambalwa wayazi ukuthi Howard Hughes nokugula kwakhe "iphathwa" Codeine.

Ama-movie ne-ezindizeni

Naphezu kobuhlungu nezinkinga Aviation Corporation, Hughes babuyela imboni yamabhayisikobho, mhlawumbe ngenxa inzuzo nodumo eyanikeza ifilimu I Outlaw. Yena usayinde izinkontileka ne Hollywood izibalo ababili abaziwayo, uHarold uLloyd Preston Sturges, ngokudubula the comedy Mad ngoLwesithathu ( «Crazy imvelo", 1947), kodwa kulindeleke ukuba behluleka. Hughes ke wathatha othandekayo wakhe - Feyt Domerg oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala - Starring yasendulo Vendetta ( «Vendetta", 1948). Govard Hyuz ifilimu, lokhu, ngeshwa, waphoqeleka ukuba agqoke eshalofini, njengoba ngisho wabona kubi kanjani isithombe.

Ngo okufanayo nalokhu kudubula, ayenakho izinto ofuna ukuzenza, enye yazo Yisifiso sayo ukubuyisela XF-11, futhi ukufakazela airworthiness yayo, futhi wenza Apreli 5, 1947 Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, yena walifakazela Military Investigative Committee iSigele umsebenzi wakhe njengomprofethi usonkontileka ukuzivikela. Hughes ayelenzile izitha eziningi ngesikhathi sempi, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengekho baphumelele njengawe lokuthi kuzoba ngayo. Hughes Aircraft Inkampani ayizange ibe giant, njengoba ayehlelile - kwenzeka kamuva Space Age. Massive "Hercules" ngokoqobo osolwa airworthy, waphika ukuthi Hughes flying imizuzu embalwa phezu kwamanzi itheku Long Beach, 2 Novemba 1947.

Lapho benza kwezigidi ezingu-40?

Ngo-1945, intatheli, Westbrook Pegler wathi esebone Idokodo elikhishwe FBI, okuyinto umangalele ukuthi Hughes wasebenzisa ingcebo yakhe ukuze bathole ngokungemthetho nezinkontileka kuhulumeni. Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-Owen Brewster, Usihlalo Military Investigative iKomiti iSigele, wathi ukuthi wayekhathalela kakhulu ukuthi uhulumeni akuniké Howard $ 40 million ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa izindiza ezimbili ukuthi awukaze yenziwe. Waphawula nokuthi uMongameli Franklin D. Roosevelt, ngokumelene umbono wezazi lakhe lempi wanika Hughes izivumelwano ukwenziwa F-11 futhi NK-1 (owaziwa nangokuthi "Hercules").

Brewster wathi Hughes uhlele amaqembu izikhulu zikahulumeni, zazihlose kuthonya izinqumo zabo esizayo. Howard starlet ikhokhwe $ 200 bawathatha ingxenye kuzo. Umsebenzi wawo kwaba ukubhukuda egijima enqunu echibini Hughes. Dzhulius Krag, yomkhandlu zokukhiqiza lempi, wayengomunye walabo ngubani okujwayele yilezi zinkampani. Omunye Congressman, futhi owayengumphathi isivakashi njalo endlini Howard, wathi: "Uma kuyiqiniso ukuthi zakhokhelwa $ 200, benza kancane kakhulu."

Hughes amacala enkohlakalo leaked ulwazi izintatheli Dryu Pirsonu noJack Anderson ukuthi Owen Brewster wathola imali inkampani Pan American Airways (Pan Am), ukuyekethisa kuye. Ngokusho Howard, Pan Am wayezama ukukholisa uhulumeni wase-US ukudala esinakho emhlabeni olusemthethweni ngaphansi kophiko lwayo. Ingxenye leli cebo ukuphoqelela yonke abathwali ekhona US ne imisebenzi phesheya, eduze noma ukuze uhlangane ne-Pan-Am. Njengoba umnikazi we-Trans World Airlines, Hughes Uyingozi kakhulu kuhlelo. Ngu Howard wathi Brewster waya kuye ephethe isiphakamiso ukuze uhlangane ne-Trans World Pan Am. Lapho enqaba, usihlalo wekomiti waqala umkhankaso yokusininda kuye.

Dryu Pirson futhi Dzhek Anderson babekholelwa Hughes futhi umkhankaso zabo Owen Brewster. Babika ukuthi usihlalo Pan Am wekomidi enikeziwe izindiza ukhululekile Houben Sound, Florida, lapho wabungazwa ekhaya iholidi ka umsekeli kaMongameli walelibandla Pan Am Sam Pryor. Lezi zinto zazilokhu ziphindaphindwa ngu Hughes ngesikhathi evele ngaphambi lempi aphenya ekomidini iSigele. Ube esesola Brewster sokuzama ngokungalugcini kuyena lolu daba kuye ngombono wokuba ekubumbaneni nge Trans World Pan Am. USihlalo weKomiti uziphikile lezi zinsolo, kodwa yayisiza lusichezukise kumagazini ka ukukhwabanisa kwezigidi ezingu-40 zamaRandi imali yomphakathi.

Military aphenya ekomidini iSigele neze waphetha umbiko wakhe NDR F-11 futhi HK-1. IKomiti ivaliwe emihlanganweni yayo futhi ngagcina siphela.

Ukuthenga nokuthengisa RKO studio

Esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke disorder - lokho ubuhlungu Govard Hyuz - akamvumelanga ukuba abakwamukelayo ukwehlulwa kwakhe. Ngo-1948, waphinde wathenga Hollywood studio RKO. Hughes ephethwe futhi eziqhutshwa ke iminyaka emihlanu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ehhovisi lakhe ngesikhathi Goldwyn studio, kanye kuphela wavakashela Insimu RKO. Bambalwa amafilimu wenzé eminyakeni, baba inzuzo, futhi bonke abakhiqizi, abaqondisi kanye screenwriters RKO wakhononda ezibe abakwazi ukuhlangana Hughes ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zabo. Ekugcineni, lo somabhizinisi wathi kwakudingeka RKO kanye, efana isifo, kanye studio ithengiswe for $ 25 million, lapho, ngemva isikweletu ukubuyiswa kwemali le bamasheya kanye abameli ubashiyile $ 6 million.

Kumila Institute of Medicine

Howard izithakazelo kwezinye izinhlangano, ikakhulu zezindiza, eminyakeni edlule kuye ubunikazi RKO kuphela yanda, futhi ingcebo yakhe kulinganiselwa ku izigidi. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho ngasekela Howard Hughes Medical Institute e-Florida, owawungumnyaka abonisa ngayo ukukhathalela kwakhe mayelana amagciwane nezifo. Wethembisa beshiyela lokusungula eningi yengcebo kulowo egameni yakhe abasenzele okuthile okuhle. Njalo A Loner, waba nakakhulu reclusive futhi wagcina eseyekile ukukhulumisana nabo bonke kodwa ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi. Ngo-1957, washada actress Dzhin Peters, kodwa umshado ababezibheka, njengoba abalingani akuvamile bahlala ndawonye. Ahlukanisa ngo-1971.

Howard Hughes biography. Izifo kanye neminyaka yokugcina

Kungakhathaliseki ukwehluleka emshadweni noma umkhakha ifilimu, impumelelo Hughes ekwakhiweni jet nakwezempi izindiza rose. Kodwa ukucindezeleka zonke lezi nakangaka ibe nomphumela ongemuhle empilweni yakhe, futhi ngo-1958, uHoward kwadingeka ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa.

Ngo-1965, i-Atomic Energy Commission imemezele ukuthi izoqala ukuhlolwa enuzi Pahute Mesa, 150 ngamakhilomitha evela emzini wesikhulu Howard Hughes. Waxhumana nge Richard Nixon, kodwa wenqaba ukuba zikhulume vivinyo. Phakathi umelekeleli 1968 umkhankaso kamongameli Robert Hughes wahlangana Mayo Hubert Humphrey e Denver. Mayo watshela Humphrey ukuthi Hughes uzimisele ukukhokha kuye Dollars ayizinkulungwane 100. Uma kukhona azokwenza nalolu vivinyo enuzi. Humphrey wathembisa ukuthi uma wakhethwa, kuyoba kuqashwe ikhomishana yesayensi ukufunda ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

Ngokusho umbhali wencwadi ethi "Govard Hyuz: Imfihlo Yokuphila", Hughes wajabula futhi wathembisa iKomidi ayizinkulungwane 300 zamadola .. Kodwa Hughes wayesaba ukuthi Bobby Kennedy ayihlanganyele Humphrey, okuyinto siswele ubukhazikhazi, engasenathonya kanye negama abaphikisi bakhe. Juni 4, 1968 , Robert Kennedy wadutshulwa ngemvula yezinhlamvu wabulawa. Hughes wayekhathazekile ngokuthi Edward Kennedy uzothatha indawo ka umfowabo, ngakho wanquma ukuba ukugwazela Larry O'Brien, ikhanda yomkhankaso Kennedy. Robert Mayo O'Brien wahlangana e-Las Vegas, July 4, 1968 Ngenxa yalokho lomhlangano kuvunyelwene ukuthi Hughes uzokhokha O'Brien u- $ 15,000 ngenyanga.

Ngezinye Hughes has ingxabano njalo uhulumeni phezu intela, ekugcineni, washiya California futhi zayiswa Nevada. Ngo-1967, wathenga EHLANE Inn e-Las Vegas ukwenza besekhaya futhi indlunkulu izinkampani e Nevada. Ngo-1966, wathengisa lo TWA for million 566 zamaRandi. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, Hughes wathenga Air West.

Ukuze sigweme ukukhokha izintela, ngo-November 1970 Hughes iyiswe ehhotela Britannia Beach Ihhotela, ise Bahamas ePharadesi. Ngemva kwalokho akaphindanga wabuya e-United States. I last iminyaka eyisithupha yokuphila kwakhe wayekade iyiswe komunye Ihhotela elibizayo kwenye.

Ukufa-flight

Hughes baba 'idla yodwa, ophilayo ngemuva amakhethini avaliwe. Wathuthela Managua (Nicaragua), khona-ke - e Vancouver, London, Freeport eBahamas, futhi ekugcineni, ngo- Acapulco (Mexico). Ngo-1972, wathengisa Ithuluzi Hughes inkampani i $ 150 million. Izimpahla Summa enkampani yakhe, okuyinto uphatha yonke sebhizinisi, ziye balinganiselwa ku $ 2 billion. Naphezu umcebo wakhe, lo Billionaire kwaba uhlobo lomuntu baphila kanzima. Eminyakeni yamuva, Govard Hyuz akamphatha- konke ngesifo sakhe nokuthi akazange adle kahle. Yena selikhathele: ngesikhathi kushona isisindo sakhe kwaba kg 42 kuphela. Hughes akazange avumele wabasizi bakhe ukuba ngizinakekele, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni ngawa ngaquleka. Bazama ukuthuthela Houston, kodwa ngesikhathi indiza ithi cababa, usefile. Govard Hyuz washona ngo indiza, kwaba kuhle kuye, kuphela emoyeni, wazizwa esekhaya. isicebi Nabantwana bashiye izwe lakhe siqu futhi igama isibe legend.

A ifilimu mayelana Howard Hughes, "The Aviator" athola udumo phezulu emcimbini we "Golden Globe" Hollywood. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphethini iye yaklonyeliswa emihlanu "Oscars" umklomelo Screen Abalingisi Guild imiklomelo kanye ezine British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Govard Hyuz (DiCaprio) kuboniswa esikhathini zokuphila kwakhe kusukela ngasekupheleni 1920 kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-1940.