crystal zamaBohemia - okuningi kule ukuzimisela ... Kwanele nikuzwe, futhi ngokushesha aletha reception ahlukile futhi bashayanisa izibuko. Hlobo luni izitsha ungakwazi ngempela ukubiza leli gama futhi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinto?
Umlando Crystal yezandla
Kukholakala ukuthi mlando nasemlandweni wanamuhla ingilazi eYurophu iqala nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu nesikhombisa. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ngengozi yabe seyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi samuntu ethile, ukucutshungulwa iwindi iba sobala. Lena yindlela entsha izinga ejwayelekile - umninindlu lonke elaseYurophu babezama imikhiqizo yabo ayevumela futhi udlale elangeni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ifomula yasekuqaleni yasungulwa lapho ingilazi oncibilikisiwe e ethile ungeze oxide phambili. Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi entsha ngeke kakhulu ukushintsha izici imikhiqizo siphelile. Crystal wokucwebezelisa kulula, kuyilapho umkhiqizo faceted kuba sihle.
crystal zamaBohemia: umlando glassmakers Czech
Glass izikebhe - omunye omdala futhi abahlonishwa kakhulu eYurophu kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Yiqiniso, amakhosi akhe kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa ababekuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, kodwa sibonga edume kakhulu kule art yaseBohemia Venice. Murano glass (ethiwa iNdawo ukukhiqizwa - esiqhingini Murano) is zihlukaniswa ubuhle bayo, ukungafihli izinto nokuphatha ezihlukahlukene imiphumela umbala. Konke lokhu isiko Venice okuyinhloko ingilazi tekuceba. Kodwa usuvele XIII ekhulwini eBohemia (esifundeni komlando Czech Republic) babe nozakwabo uyakufanelekela ingilazi Italian zokukhiqiza wendawo. Namuhla, crystal zamaBohemia namabhodlela iyigugu kakhulu ngenxa obala kwayo okukhulu. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe ukuthi ungenza imikhiqizo izinga, eyaqala ukutholwa igama master, owayehlala futhi esebenzela eBohemia.
izigaba ukukhiqizwa
Ngisho nanamuhla, enkathini intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, crystal zamaBohemia sibhekwa njengokudla okuphambili futhi kube inkomba yokuthi ukunambitheka ekhethekile yomnikazi. Kodwa kungani le brand ngakho lwesayensi? Izikhathi lapho amakhosi ayenqatshelwe ukutshela ngisho izihlobo zabo noma yimaphi amaqiniso ezihlobene ukukhiqizwa, zidlulile. Namuhla, izimboni eziningi eBohemia ukuchitha ezokungcebeleka uhambo, futhi sizozama ukuqonda yenziwa kanjani crystal edume kanye namabhodlela. Isigaba sokuqala ukukhiqiza - izinto zokusetshenziswa ancibilike imikhiqizo kushaywa. Okulandelayo, preform okuholela wafakwa isikhunta olumanzi lokhuni. Isigaba sesithathu - ingenye ethakazelisa kunazo - a ukugaya nokuhlanganisa ukusika glass. Kubalulekile ukuqonda uju yomsebenzi: isikhathi lapho impahla ingelashwa, sifushane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lapho inkosi isebenzisa emfushane preformed. Isinyathelo esilandelayo - ukudalwa imifanekiso kanye gilding. Futhi into wokugcina kwenziwa wokucwebezelisa umkhiqizo osuphelile. crystal zamaBohemia lwaziswa hhayi nje ngenxa yobuhle bayo kodwa nezalo izinga. Yonke imikhiqizo ihlolwe futhi nokuba khona kancane komshado akumane ukuya ezitolo futhi kabusha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi namuhla, ingilazi kanye crystal eBohemia kukhona ezenziwe ngesandla futhi ekhethekile imigqa ezenzakalelayo ku wokushaya ubuchwepheshe.
Crystal noma ingilazi?
Uyazi ukuthi kungani lokhu crystal vase, futhi ingilazi, ngakho abanjengaye - ingilazi? Izinto ezimbili etholakala omunye impahla eluhlaza kuhluke. Kukholakala ukuthi uma ingilazi 6 kuya 36% phambili oxide, ingase ngokuthi crystal. namazinga izinga International - 24%. Kukholakala ukuthi mkhulu iphesenti lomthofu, ngcono crystal. imikhiqizo Elite futhi eliphezulu kukhona, ingxenye lapho lesi sibalo idlula 30% uphawu. crystal zamaBohemia (isithombe ungabona kulesi sihloko) akufanele ube Bubbles emoyeni futhi yimuphi omunye inclusions. Umkhiqizo kumelwe abe nombala esobala futhi acwebile ezindaweni zonke, ngaphandle ingaphazamisi.
izinkomba izinga
Indlela ukukhetha crystal futhi ugweme amaphutha lapho uthenga? Traditional ingilazi samuntu isheke - knock ngokunembile ipensela noma ezinye izinto onqenqemeni ingilazi noma isaladi endishini. Ephelele futhi umkhiqizo izinga uzophendula umsindo emnandi. Enye lapho ukuthenga wokuhlola crystal - bezihlikihla umunwe zakhe ezimanzi. Original nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlaba umkhosi umsindo ezithakazelisayo, kodwa ingilazi evamile nezinye analogs 'bathule. " Zonke izitsha ekhiqizwa eBohemia, has a "neliqinile 'umphetho - ezansi stem ingilazi. Izingilazi futhi zamaBohemia crystal isitsha sezimbali (imbali) nesici phansi.
Kunengi kangangani izinto ezinjalo futhi imihlobiso?
Ngesikhathi kubusa amaSoviet, iyiphi crystal sasibhekwa njengophawu olumelela ingcebo, njalo Omuny self-ukuhlonipha kwadingeka ukuba azungeze indlu izitsha ezinjalo. Zonke amaholide kanye umcimbi lihlotshaniswa Chime namanothi izibuko lokhu izinto. Futhi akumangalisi crystal kubhekwa uphawu zizwakale nengcebo: izinga nobuhle kudingeka ngempela ukukhokha. Ngokwesilinganiso, iqoqo izibuko angathengwa ruble 3000-4000, futhi iyiphi into eyodwa ukukhonza maphakathi no-isayizi noma zokuhlobisa umhlobiso ingaphakathi - I-ruble 2000-3000. Yiqiniso, sikhuluma ukukhiqizwa imikhiqizo endaweni yokukhanda. umsebenzi Manual kuwufanele kaningi ezibizayo. Crystal glassware kungaqali ubudala, kodwa kuphela ibangcono nge naseminyakeni edlule. Ngakho, Antique candy vintage crystal zamaBohemia kungaba imali enkulu. Ngokuvamile ngalinye lala masonto nempahla ekhaya nezinto zidayiswa endalini. It kuvela ukuthi crystal - akusiyo nje umhlobiso etafuleni and design ingaphakathi, kodwa futhi utshalomali ezibalulekile.